美国政府研究发现：疼痛与所从事的工作有关
http://www.100md.com
2001年1月19日
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - No one knows better than working men and women that work can be a real pain. Now, a report commissioned by Congress provides the strongest scientific evidence to date that there may be a relationship between a person's job and physical ailments such as low-back pain.
According to the report, construction laborers, carpenters, and operators of industrial truck and tractor equipment lead the list of high-risk jobs for men. Women who work as nurses or in nursing support, as domestic or commercial cleaners, or do janitorial work are also most likely to experience a host of musculoskeletal disorders.
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The report, conducted by the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, is the most comprehensive yet on the scientific relationship between work and musculoskeletal disorders--the medical term that encompasses health problems involving muscles, joints, spinal disks, cartilage, tendons and ligaments.
``Roughly 2,500 scientific articles relating to work and musculoskeletal disorders were culled and reviewed before the final report was made,'' said Dr. Jeremiah A. Barondess, president of the New York Academy of Medicine, in an interview with Reuters Health. Barondess chaired the committee of 19 scientists who authored the report.
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``The report is a very considerable review of the state-of-the-art science concerning the link between occupation and disorders of the low back and upper extremities,'' he added.
Not only did the research team evaluate the physical work stressors, such as heavy lifting, they also ``considered in detail the psychological and social aspects of individuals and how they contribute to risks and actual outcomes, like developing low-back pain for instance,'' Barondess explained.
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While factors including obesity, gender, age, and smoking habits played a significant role in whether or not a person developed musculoskeletal disorders, Barondess noted that organizational factors including the amount of control a person had over their job, work pace, and co-worker relationships ''also play an important role.''
The report places an emphasis on the demands of the workplace and less emphasis on the individual worker.
, 百拇医药
``There is a clear relationship between type of workplace demands--like heavy lifting, frequent bending and twisting, for instance--and low-back pain,'' said committee member Dr. David H. Wegman of the University of Massachusetts in Lowell, in an interview with Reuters Health.
``Job types that expose the worker to repetition, vibrations and excessive force are more related to upper-extremity disorders including numbness, tingling, coldness or weakness in the hands and wrist pain,'' Wegman explained.
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``We are still trying to better understand the role computers have on upper-extremity disorder,'' he said.
Finally, the report analyzed various methods and strategies to reduce the impact of musculoskeletal disorders on workers. Above all, worker involvement in any solution is ``very, very important,'' Barondess commented.
``One important aspect of intervention would be redesigning the way the job is done to reduce stressors. Raising a table to waist height to eliminate bending over or limiting the amount of weight that is to be lifted can have important positive effects,'' Wegman said.
, 百拇医药
For workers who are stuck at computers all day long, it is ''important for them to take frequent breaks and be mindful of correct positioning of their computer keyboards,'' he added.
In 1999, nearly one million people took time away from work to treat and recover from work-related muscle and joint pain or impairment of function in the low back or upper extremity, according to the report.
Musculoskeletal disorders account for nearly 70 million physician visits in the United States annually, and an estimated 130 million total healthcare encounters including outpatient, hospital and emergency department visits, the executive summary of the report states.
``This is a very serious matter that needs to be addressed,'' Wegman told Reuters Health. ``This report provides the scientific evidence needed to support and make policy judgments, as well as for establishing future scientific research programs.'', 百拇医药
According to the report, construction laborers, carpenters, and operators of industrial truck and tractor equipment lead the list of high-risk jobs for men. Women who work as nurses or in nursing support, as domestic or commercial cleaners, or do janitorial work are also most likely to experience a host of musculoskeletal disorders.
, 百拇医药
The report, conducted by the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, is the most comprehensive yet on the scientific relationship between work and musculoskeletal disorders--the medical term that encompasses health problems involving muscles, joints, spinal disks, cartilage, tendons and ligaments.
``Roughly 2,500 scientific articles relating to work and musculoskeletal disorders were culled and reviewed before the final report was made,'' said Dr. Jeremiah A. Barondess, president of the New York Academy of Medicine, in an interview with Reuters Health. Barondess chaired the committee of 19 scientists who authored the report.
, 百拇医药
``The report is a very considerable review of the state-of-the-art science concerning the link between occupation and disorders of the low back and upper extremities,'' he added.
Not only did the research team evaluate the physical work stressors, such as heavy lifting, they also ``considered in detail the psychological and social aspects of individuals and how they contribute to risks and actual outcomes, like developing low-back pain for instance,'' Barondess explained.
, 百拇医药
While factors including obesity, gender, age, and smoking habits played a significant role in whether or not a person developed musculoskeletal disorders, Barondess noted that organizational factors including the amount of control a person had over their job, work pace, and co-worker relationships ''also play an important role.''
The report places an emphasis on the demands of the workplace and less emphasis on the individual worker.
, 百拇医药
``There is a clear relationship between type of workplace demands--like heavy lifting, frequent bending and twisting, for instance--and low-back pain,'' said committee member Dr. David H. Wegman of the University of Massachusetts in Lowell, in an interview with Reuters Health.
``Job types that expose the worker to repetition, vibrations and excessive force are more related to upper-extremity disorders including numbness, tingling, coldness or weakness in the hands and wrist pain,'' Wegman explained.
, http://www.100md.com
``We are still trying to better understand the role computers have on upper-extremity disorder,'' he said.
Finally, the report analyzed various methods and strategies to reduce the impact of musculoskeletal disorders on workers. Above all, worker involvement in any solution is ``very, very important,'' Barondess commented.
``One important aspect of intervention would be redesigning the way the job is done to reduce stressors. Raising a table to waist height to eliminate bending over or limiting the amount of weight that is to be lifted can have important positive effects,'' Wegman said.
, 百拇医药
For workers who are stuck at computers all day long, it is ''important for them to take frequent breaks and be mindful of correct positioning of their computer keyboards,'' he added.
In 1999, nearly one million people took time away from work to treat and recover from work-related muscle and joint pain or impairment of function in the low back or upper extremity, according to the report.
Musculoskeletal disorders account for nearly 70 million physician visits in the United States annually, and an estimated 130 million total healthcare encounters including outpatient, hospital and emergency department visits, the executive summary of the report states.
``This is a very serious matter that needs to be addressed,'' Wegman told Reuters Health. ``This report provides the scientific evidence needed to support and make policy judgments, as well as for establishing future scientific research programs.'', 百拇医药