1997年全国硕士学位研究生入学考试
http://www.100md.com
2001年10月4日
97
Part I Structure and Vocabulary
Sections A
Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there
are four choices marked A),B),C)andD). Choose the one that best
completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by
blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)
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The Social Security Retirement
Program is made up of two trust funds, _____ could go penniless
by next year.
A)the larger one
B)the larger of which
C)the largest one
D)the largest of which
Nowhere in nature is aluminum
found free, owing to its always _____ with other elements, most
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commonly with oxygen.
A)combined
B)having combined
C)combine
D)being combined
Andrew, my father's younger
brother, will not be at the picnic, _____ to the family's disappointment.
A)much
B)more
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C)too much
D)much more
I would have gone to visit
him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I _____ fully
occupied the whole of last week.
A)were
B)had been
C)have been
D)was
, 百拇医药 Help will come from the UN,
but the aid will be _____ near what's needed.
A)everywhere
B)somewhere
C)nowhere
D)anywhere
The chief reason for the
population growth isn't so much a rise in birth rates _____ a
fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care.
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A)and
B)as
C)but
D)or
He claims to be an expert
in astronomy, but in actual fact he is quite ignorant on the subject.
_____ he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate.
A)What little
B)So much
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C)How much
D)So little
Although we feel dissatisfied
with the election results, we have to become reconciled _____
the decision made by our fellow countrymen.
A)for
B)on
C)to
D)in
Just as the value of a telephone
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network increases with each new phone _____ to the system, so
does the value of a computer system increase with each program
that turns out.
A)adding
B)to have added
C)to add
D)added
The vocabulary and grammatical
differences between British and American English are so trivial
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and few as hardly _____ .
A)noticed
B)to be noticed
C)being noticed
D)to notice
Section B
Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined
parts marked A),B),C)andD). Identify the part of the sentence that
, http://www.100md.com is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening
the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)
Example:
A number of A) foreign visitors were taken B) to the
industrial exhibition which C) they saw D) many new
products.
Part C) is wrong. The sentence should read, “A number of foreign
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visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition where they saw
many new products.” So you should choose C).
Although Professor
Green's lectures usually ran over A) the fifty minute
B) period, but none C) of his students even D) objected
as they found his lectures both informative and interesting.
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When A) Edison died,
it was proposed that the American people turned off B)
all power C) in their homes, streets, and factories for
several minutes in honor of D) this great man.
They pointed out A)
the damage which B) they supposed that C) had been
done by last night's D) storm.
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Because of A) the
recent accidents, our parents forbid my brother and me from
swimming B) in the river unless C) someone agrees to
watch D) over us.
A great many A) teachers
firmly B) believe that English is one of the poorest
taught C) subjects in high schools at present. D)
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In this way these insects
show an efficient use of their soundproduced A) ability,
organizing B) two sounds delivered C) at a high
rate as one call. D)
I thought the technician
was to blame A) for the blowing
B) of the fuse, but I see now how C) I was D) mistaken.
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For him to be re elected,
A) what is essential is not that his policy works, B) but
that C) the public believe that it is. D)
As far as A) I am
concerned, his politics are B) rather conservative compared
C) with other politicians. D)
I'd say whenever you are
, 百拇医药 going A) after something that is belonging B) to you,
anyone who is depriving C) you of the right to have it
is criminal. D)
Sections C
Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there
are four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Choose the one that best
completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by
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blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)
Example:
The lost car of the Lees was found _____ in the woods off the highway.
A)vanishedB)scattered C)abandonedD)rejected
The sentence should read, “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned
in the woods off the highway.” Therefore, you should choose C).
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When workers are
organized in trade unions, employers find it hard to lay them
_____.
A)off
B)aside
C)out
D)down
The wealth of a country should
be measured _____ the health and happiness of its people as well
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as the material goods it can produce.
A)in line with
B)in terms of
C)in regard with
D)by means of
He has failed me so many
times that I no longer place any _____ on what he promises.
A)faith
B)belief
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C)credit
D)reliance
My students found the book
_____ it provided them with an abundance of information on the
subject.
A)enlightening
B)confusing
C)distracting
D)amusing
Nobody yet knows how long
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and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will _____
down the economy.
A)put
B)settle
C)drag
D)knock
In this factory the machines
are not regulated _____ but are jointly controlled by a central
computer system.
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A)independently
B)individually
C)irrespectively
D)irregularly
Every chemical change either
results from energy being sued to produce the change, or causes
energy to be _____ in some form.
A)given off
B)put out
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C)set off
D)used up
If businessmen are taxed
too much, they will no longer be motivated to work hard, with
the result that incomes from taxation might actually _____ .
A)shrink
B)delay
C)disperse
D)sink
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American companies are evolving
from massproduction manufacturing to _____ enterprises.
A)moveable
B)changing
C)flexible
D)varying
If you know what the trouble
is, why don＇t you help them to _____ the situation?
A)simplify
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B)modify
C)verify
D)rectify
I can't _____ what has happened
to the vegetables, for they were freshly picked this morning.
A)figure out
B)draw out
C)look out
D)work out
I tried very hard to persuade
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him to join our group but I met with a flat _____ .
A)disapproval
B)rejection
C)refusal
D)decline
From this material we can
_____ hundreds of what you may call direct products.
A)derive
B)discern
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C)diminish
D)displace
She had clearly no _____
of doing any work, although she was very well paid.
A)tendency
B)ambition
C)intention
D)willingness
What seems confusing or fragmented
at first might well become _____ a third time.
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A)clean and measurable
B)notable and systematic
C)pure and wholesome
D)clear and organic
The public opinion was that
the time was not _____ for the election of such a radical candidate
as Mr. Jones.
A)reasonable
B)ripe
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C)ready
D)practical
Hudson said he could not
kill a living thing except for the _____ of hunger.
A)sensation
B)cause
C)purpose
D)motive
For the new country to survive,
_____ for its people to enjoy prosperity, new economic policies
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will be required.
A)to name a few
B)let alone
C)not to speak
D)let's say
Foreign disinvestment and
the _____ of South Africa from world capital markets after 1985
further weakened its economy.
A)displacement
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B)elimination
C)exclusion
D)exception
When a number of people _____
together in a conversational knot, each individual expresses his
position in the group by where he stands.
A)pad
B)pack
C)squeeze
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D)cluster
Part II Cloze Test
Directions:For each numbered blank in the following passage,
there are four choices marked A),B),C),D). Choose the best one and
mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding
letter in the brackets. (10 points)
Manpower Inc., with
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560,000 workers, is the world's largest temporary employment agency.
Every morning, its people 41 into the offices and factories
of America, seeking a day's work for a day's pay. One day at a time
42 industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle
to survive 43 reducing the number of employees, Manpower,
based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.
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44 its economy
continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of
part timers and temporary workers. This "45" work force is
the most important 46 in American business today, and it
is 47 changing the relationship between people and their
jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally
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competitive 48 avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens
49 by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans.
For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense
of 50 that came from being a loyal employee.
41. A)swarm B)stride C)separate D)slip
42. A)For B)Because C)As D)Since
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43. A)from B)in C)on D)by
44. A)Even though B)Now that C)If only D)Provided that
45. A)durable B)disposable C)available D)transferable
46. A)approach B)flow C)fashion D)trend
47. A)instantly B)reversely C)fundamentally D)sufficiently
48. A)but B)while C)and D)whereas
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49. A)imposed B)restricted C)illustrated D)confined
50. A)excitement B)conviction C)enthusiasm D)importance
Part III Reading Comprehension
Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by some
questions. For each question there are four answers marked A),B),C)
and D). Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to
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each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET
by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (40 points)
Passage 1
It was 3:45 in the
morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing
and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern
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Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow
doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to
die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost
immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half
a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to
, 百拇医药 Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group's on line service,
Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because
of course this isn't just something that happened in Australia.
It's world history.”
The full import
may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally III
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law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its
moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief,
others, including churches, right to life groups and the Australian
Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of
its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia
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— where an aging population, life extending technology and changing
community attitudes have all played their part — other states are
going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.
In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering
strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.
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Under the new Northern
Territory law, an adult patient can request death — probably by
a deadly injection or pill — to put an end to suffering. The patient
must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling
off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of
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request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd
Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer,
the NT Rights of Terminally III law means he can get on with living
without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from
his breathing condition. “I'm not afraid of dying from a spiritual
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point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I'd go, because
I've watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and
clawing at their masks,” he says.
From the second
paragraph we learn that _____ .
A)the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries
B)physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia
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C)changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage
of the law
D)it takes time to realize the significance of the law's passage
When the author says that
observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means
_____.
A)observers are taking a wait and see attitude towards the future
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of euthanasia
B)similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and
other countries
C)observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes
D)the effecttaking process of the passed bill may finally come
to a stop
When Lloyd Nickson dies,
, 百拇医药 he will _____.
A)face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia
B)experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient
C)have an intense fear of terrible suffering
D)undergo a cooling off period of seven days
The author's attitude towards
euthanasia seems to be that of _____.
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A)opposition
B)suspicion
C)approval
D)indifference
Passage 2
A report consistently
brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and
helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation
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is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best
be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions.
Small minded officials, rude waiters, and illmannered taxi drivers
are hardly unknown in the US Yet it is an observation made so frequently
that it deserves comment.
For a long period
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of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome
break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were
common problems of the families who generally lived distant from
one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion,
and brought news of the outside world.
The harsh realities
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of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone
traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to
turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter
of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the
part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life:
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if you didn't take in the stranger and take care of him, there was
no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the
same situation.
Today there are
many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary
traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is
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still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and
towns away from the busy tourist trails. “I was just traveling through,
got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home
for dinner — amazing.” Such observations reported by visitors to
the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly.
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The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted
neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a
historically developed cultural tradition.
As is true of any
developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals,
assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.
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And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily meant that
someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail
to “translate” cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions.
For example, when an American uses the word “friend”, the cultural
implications of the word may be quite different from those it has
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in the visitor's language and culture. It takes more than a brief
encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and
individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many American
value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.
In the eyes of visitors
from the outside world, _____.
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A)rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US
B)small minded officials deserve a serious comment
C)Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors
D)most Americans are ready to offer help
It could be inferred from
the last paragraph that _____.
A)culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship
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B)courteous convention and individual interest are interrelated
C)various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends
D)social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural
conventions
Families in frontier settlements
used to entertain strangers _____.
A)to improve their hard life
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B)in view of their long distance travel
C)to add some flavor to their own daily life
D)out of a charitable impulse
The tradition of hospitality
to strangers _____.
A)tends to be superficial and artificial
B)is generally well kept up in the United States
C)is always understood properly
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D)was something to do with the busy tourist trails
Passage 3
Technically, any
substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning
is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers
only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug
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addicts. They don't realize that familiar substances such as alcohol
and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance
is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase “substance
abuse” is often used instead of “drug abuse” to make clear that
substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully
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misused as heroin and cocaine.
We live a society
in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive:
an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee
to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do
these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a
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substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in
excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense
perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead
to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked
first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance
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required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance
of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.
Drugs (substances)
that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood,
and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive
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substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants,
depressants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or
activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it
down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting
and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations.
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These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the
Greek word meaning “mindmanifesting”) because they seemed to radically
alter one's state of consciousness.
“Substance abuse”
(Line 5, Paragraph 1) is preferable to “drug abuse” in that _____.
A)substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally
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used
B)“drug abuse” is only related to a limited number of drug takers
C)alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine
D)many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous
The word “pervasive” (Line
1, Paragraph 2) might mean _____.
A)widespread
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B)overwhelming
C)piercing
D)fashionable
Physical dependence on certain
substances results from _____.
A)uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of time
B)exclusive use of them for social purposes
C)quantitative application of them to the treatment of diseases
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D)careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms
From the last paragraph we
can infer that _____.
A)stimulants function positively on the mind
B)hallucinogens are in themselves harmful to health
C)depressants are the worst type of psychoactive substances
D)the three types of psychoactive substances are commonly used
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in groups
Passage 4
No company likes
to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation.
“Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?” Senator
Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. “You have sold
your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children
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as well?” At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the
latest manifestation of the soul searching that has involved the
company ever since the company was born in 1990. It's a selfexamination
that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative
freedom and the corporate bottom line.
At the core of this
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debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late
Steve Ross in 1992. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure
to raise the stock price and reduce the company's mountainous debt,
which will increase to 17.3 billion after two new cable deals close.
He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure
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the company, but investors are waiting impatiently.
The flap over rap
is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended
the company's rap music on the grounds of expression. In 1992, when
Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice T's violent rap song
Cop Killer, Levin described rap as a lawful expression of
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street culture, which deserves an outlet. “The test of any democratic
society,” he wrote in a Wall Streel Journal column, “lies
not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives
freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude,
however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We
won't retreat in the face of any threats.”
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Levin would not
comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman
was backing off his hard line stand, at least to some extent. During
the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders'
meeting, Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of society's
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ills” and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York,
who uses rap to communicate with students. But he talked as well
about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social
responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a
drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially
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objectionable music.
The 15 member Time
Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate
strategy. But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns
in this matter. “Some of us have known for many, many years that
the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited,”
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says Luce. “I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated
with the company have only recently come to realize this.”
Senator Robert Dole
criticized Time Warner for _____.
A)its raising of the corporate stock price
B)its selfexamination of soul
C)its neglect of social responsibility
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D)its emphasis on creative freedom
According to the passage,
which of the following is TRUE?
A)Luce is a spokesman of Time Warner.
B)Gerald Levin is liable to compromise.
C)Time Warner is united as one in the face of the debate.
D)Stever Ross is no longer alive
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In face of the recent attacks
on the company, the chairman _____.
A)stuck to a strong stand to defend freedom of expression
B)softened his tone and adopted some new policy
C)changed his attitude and yielded to objection
D)received more support from the 15member board
The best title for this passage
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could be _____.
A)A Company under Fire
B)A Debate on Moral Decline
C)A Lawful Outlet of Street Culture
D)A Form of Creative Freedom
Passage 5
Much of the language
used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy
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to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes”, makes it sound like
a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The
link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there
are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on
the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary
, 百拇医药 policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear
view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.
Given all these
disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about
of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies
fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years,
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before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below
the double digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s
and early 1980s.
It is also less
than most forecasters had predicated. In late 1994 the panel of
economists which The Economist polls each month said that
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America's inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it
fell to 2.6% in August, and expected to average only about 3% for
the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half
a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year.
This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation
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has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.
Economists have
been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain
and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that
both economies, and especially America's, have little productive
, 百拇医药 slack. America's capacity utilization, for example, his historically
high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August)
has fallen bellow most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment
— the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.
Why has inflation
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a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural
changes in the world have up ended the old economic models that
were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.
From the passage
we learn that _____.
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A)there is a definite relationship between inflation and interest
rates
B)economy will always follow certain models
C)the economic situation is better than expected
D)economists had foreseen the present economic situation
According to the passage,
which of the following is TRUE?
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A)Making monetary policies is comparable to driving a car
B)An extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation
C)A high unemployment rate will result from inflation
D)Interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy
The sentence “This is no
flash in the pan” (Line 5, Paragraph 3) means that _____.
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A)the low inflation rate will last for some time
B)the inflation rate will soon rise
C)the inflation will disappear quickly
D)there is no inflation at present
The passage shows that the
author is _____ the present situation.
A)critical of
B)puzzled by
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C)disappointed at
D)amazed at
Part IV English Chinese Translation
Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then
translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation
must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points).
Do animals have rights? This is how the
, 百拇医药
question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, groundclearing
way to start. 71) Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that
there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the
world does not have.
On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily
follows that animals have none. 72) Some philosophers argue that
, 百拇医药
rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange
of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights.
The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for
exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights.
However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested
, 百拇医药
one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people
— for instance to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations.
In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people
who never consented to it, how do you reply to somebody who says
“I don't like this contract”?
The point is this: without agreement on
, 百拇医药
the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless.
73) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites
you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration
humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.
This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental,
, 百拇医药
question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?
Many deny it. 74) Arguing from the view
that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect,
extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area
of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is
seen as a mistake — a sentimental displacement of feeling that should
, http://www.100md.com
properly be directed to other humans.
This view which holds that torturing a monkey
is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “logical”.
In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject
it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning — the ethical equivalent
of learning to crawl — is to weigh others' interests against one's
, 百拇医药
own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without there
is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough,
for most, to engage sympathy. 75) When that happens, it is not
a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action,
an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
, http://www.100md.com 71._____________________________________________________________.
72._____________________________________________________________.
73._____________________________________________________________.
74._____________________________________________________________.
75._____________________________________________________________.
, http://www.100md.com Part V Writing (15 points)
Directions:
A.Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay
in no less than 120.
B.Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.
C.Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet
the requirements below:
, 百拇医药
1. Interpret the following pictures.
2.Predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reason.
Key
Part I Structure and Vocabulary
Section A(1-10)
BDADCBACDB
Section B(11-20)
CBCBCACDDB
Section C(21-40)
, 百拇医药
ABDACBAACDACACDBDBCD
Part II Cloze Test(41-50)
ACDABDCBAD
Part III Reading Comprehension(51-70)
DBACDACBDAABCDBACBAD
Part IV English Chinese Translation
71.事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。
72.有些哲学家论证说，权利只存在在于社会契约中，是责任与权益相交换的一部分。
, http://www.100md.com
73.这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。
74.这类人持极端看法，认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，对待动物无须考虑道德问题。
75.这种反应并不错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用，这种本能应得到鼓励，而不应遭到嘲弄。
Part V Writing
样题 1
We meet smokers everywhere: in the streets,
on college campuses and in shops. There are 5.8 billion people in
, 百拇医药
the world, and the smokers are about 1.1 billion, which makes up
20 percent of the world's total population.
Smoking is very harmful. I think there are
two main aspects to the damage. First, smoking consumes a great
deal of money. As is shown in the pictorial graph, smiling wastes
200 billion dollars each year in the world. Second, smoking does
, http://www.100md.com
harm to the health of smokers, and it is the main cause of lung
cancer. About 3 million people die because of the relevant diseases
derived from smoking every year.
Because more and more people are aware of
the great harm of smoking to humans, the amount of tobacco consumption
is on the decrease. From the following figures we can clearly see
, 百拇医药
the tendency. The total amount of world tobacco production added
up to 14.364 billion pounds in 1994, but it dropped to 14.2 billion
pounds in 1995. At the same time, many countries call on people
to give up smoking. So it is certain that the number of smokers
is to decrease.
样题 2
About Tobacco Consumption
, http://www.100md.com
From the above set of pictures, we can see
that there were a total of 14.364 billion pounds of tobacco produced
in 1994 and 14.2 billion pounds in 1995. Because the amount of tobacco
production is falling yearly, it can be predicted that the tendency
of tobacco consumption would also be falling yearly. There are many
, http://www.100md.com
reasons. Firstly, smoking wastes money. Every year there are two
hundred billion dollars “burnt” in the cigarette “fire”. Secondly,
smoking would hardly do people any good and it can even cause cancer.
Every year there are three million people “buried” in the cigarette
“tomb”.
Although tobacco consumption is falling,
, http://www.100md.com
there are too many people who smoke. The population in the world
is 5.8 billion, but about twenty percent of the population, that
is to say 1.1 billion people, smoke. So the situation is serious
and the movement against smoking is still a difficult task.
评语：上边两篇作文内容符合要求，包括对各图的说明，对趋势的预测及理由，数字表达正确，语言较好，表达能力较强，长度符合要求。得14分
样题 3
, http://www.100md.com
The total product of tobacco was 14.364
billion pounds in 1994. In 1995 the total product of tobacco in
the world decreased to 14.2 billion pounds. The population of the
world is 5.8 billion. The number of smokers is 1.1 billion, which
is 20% of the population in the world. Every year 200 billion dollars
, 百拇医药
is wasted owing to smoking and 3 million people die of smoking.
From the total product of tobacco in the
world we can draw a conclusion that the tendency of tobacco consumption
is decreased. I think that there are two reasons. One reason is
that more and more people realize that smoking is harmful for health
, 百拇医药
and give up smoking. The other one is that smoking is forbidden
in the popular area in more and more countries. The two reasons
lead to the decreasing tendency of tobacco consumption in the world.
样题 4
From the pictures, we first know that there
are a lot of smoking people in the world. The number of the whole
, 百拇医药
population in the world is 5.8 billion, and the number of smoking
people is 1.1 billion. So the percentage of smoking person is about
20. It is a large ratio.
Secondly we know from the pictures that
tobacco gives us only disaster. Each year it devours 200 billion
dollars and deprives 3 million people of their lives. It is horrible.
, 百拇医药
Luckily nowadays more and more people begin
to pay attention to their health. Thus I think the tendency of tobacco
consumption will descend. From the pictures we also know that the
output of the tobacco is declining, from 14.364 billion pounds in
1994 to 14.2 billion pounds in 1995.
评语：上边样题 3和样题 4这两篇作文内容符合要求，包括对各图的说明，对趋势的预测及理由，数字表达正确，思想表达清楚，文字连贯，句式变化较多，结构与用词有少量一般性错误，长度符合要求。得11分
, 百拇医药
样题 5
As shown in the pictures, we can see that
the total tobacco product is 14.364 billion pounds in 1994, while
it is 14.2 billion pounds in 1995. The whole population of earth
is 5.8 billion, but the human beings who keeps smoking is 1.1 billion,
maintaining the proportion of 20 percent. Owing to the cigarette,
, 百拇医药
200 billion dollars were wasted, 3 million people die of smoking
annually.
From the figure given in the chart, we can
come to a conclusion that the total tobacco consumption will decrease.
There are reasons for the dropping consumption. First, more and
more people believe smoking do harm to health, waste money. So a
, 百拇医药
lot of people begin to give up smoking. Second, forbidding smoking
in public areas cause people conscious that smoking is a bad habit.
Therefor, I believe more and more will give up smoking with the
advancement of society.
样题 6
From the pictures, we can draw a conclusion
, http://www.100md.com
that the tobacco consumption in the world is rather high.
In 1994, the total product of tobacco is
14.364 billion pounds and in 1995, is 14.2 billion pounds. There
are a great number of smokers in the world — the number of 1.1 billion.
That is to say, of the 5.8 billion people, 20 percent have the habit
, 百拇医药 of smoking.
For the sake of high tobacco consumption,
2000 billion dollars are lost and 3000 thousand people lose their
lives every year.
In my opinion, the consumption of tobacco
will decrease as more and more people have come to know the damage
, 百拇医药 of the tobacco. This can be found in the pictures. Smoking leads
to many problems such as lung cancer, economic loss and pollution
of the air.
For abovementioned reasons. I believe the
consumption of tobacco will decrease and all the problem it causes
will be solved.
评语：样题 5和样题 6这两篇作文内容符合要求，包括对各图的说明，对趋势的预测及理由，表达基本清楚，但结构与用词错误较多，数字表达有误，长度符合要求。得8分
, http://www.100md.com
样题 7
Today, many countries product all kinds
of tobacco. Almost every shop has tobacco. In 1994, the tobacco
consumption has get to 143.64 billion pounds. So much tobacco can
be sell out every year. The population of the world is 58 million.
But, smokers in the world have 11 million. It is about 20% of world
, 百拇医药
population.
We all know, smoking has a great harm to
people. Every year about 300 million people died desease that deprive
from smoking. Smoking use much money every year. About 2000 million
dollars.
We can see, smoking is so much harmness.
So, we advocate all of people have't smoke.
, 百拇医药
In 1995, the tobacco consumption has 142
million pounds, much less that in 1994. Because many people of smoking
already think the smoking has no advantage, only bring illness.
We hope all of the world, it is no people
smoke in the future.
样题 8
, 百拇医药 On Smoking
In the whole world the tobacco consumption
has being decrease. According to the figure given in the data, we
can see tobacco consumption was about 143.64 billion pounds in 1994,
and about 142 billion pounds in 1995. Why are there on the decrease?
I think there are two reasons. In the first
, 百拇医药
place, smoking is do harm to people health. For example, it is may
be responsible for lung cancer. There are about 300 thousand people
died of smoking every year. Secondly, smoking cost a great deal.
Every year money spend on smoking is about 200000000.
As a result, when people realize this, they
begin to give up smoking.
, 百拇医药
But I must point out that smoker all over
the world still account for 20%, about 11000000. So we must educate
people give up smoking.
评语：样题 7和样题 8内容基本符合要求，语句尚可理解，但结构与用词错误多，有些是严重错误，数字表达错误，长度符合要求。得5分
样题 9
In wave of economic reform, more and more
, 百拇医药
people have realize the damage of smoking. It is obvious. Smoking
has not any benefit to man's health, but as is know to all, everything
has two sides. The taxs of tobacco are main resource of nation finasal.
So the government of all country have to permit the product of tobacco.
According to the figure, we can see the sum production of tobacco
, 百拇医药
very great, 143.64 billion pounds in 1994, 142 billion pounds in
1995. The number of smoking man is 20% during world population.
Smoking damages not only human's body but also waste lot of money.
For example, there are 2000 billion dollar spending in tobacco and
300 million people die in smoking.
I think the tendency of tobacco consumprion
, 百拇医药
have be taken down. I should try my best to depress the damage of
smoking.
样题 10
It is said that smoking do harm. I realy
agree with it.
Everyone in world know that smoking is not
good habit, at the same time, so many warns with the words “No Smoking”
, 百拇医药
everywhere. But on the other hand, there is lots of people are fond
of smoking. as a result, every year about 200 billion dollars are
to smoking, as well as 30 million people dies from it. How can these
more than one billion people about one fifth ration give up smoking?
It is always problem.
In word, smoking is harmful, we should give
, http://www.100md.com
up.
评语：样题 9和样题 10这两篇作文内容与本题要求部分有关，除事先备好但与要求不符的语句外，结构与用词错误多且严重，词不达意，条理不清，不成篇章，数字表达混乱。得2分。
样题 11
The Tobacco Is Harmful To Us
Some of us are favour of smoking and consider
that is enjoyable. In actually, it isn't.
The are fiftyeight million people in world,
, 百拇医药
but the smoker is twenty percent, about eleven thousand million
people. Because of this, the circle around of us is pollusion, the
health of human is very had. There are three hundred million people
die for smoking every year. Moreover 2000 thousand million lost
every year.
评语：语句几乎无一正确，数字表达混乱，长度不合要求。得0分。
, http://www.100md.com
样题 12
From the figures we can see smoking is harmful
to people's health. On one hand, it cause many diseases; on the
other, it costs a lot of money. But today people all over the world
still smoke a lot. Some people smoke out of habit. Others enjoy
smoking, and find it is good for their nerves when they are tired.
, http://www.100md.com
And still others smoke to be sociable: they like to offer fridns
cigarette when talking business with others.
But as we all know doctors have warned people
that tobacco is very dangerous to the smokers and may cause all
kind of illness, including the cancer of lung. Many deaths are caused
every year. And the government too are taking measures to prevent
, 百拇医药
people from smoking.
As far as I am concerned. I think smoking
is a great evil that should be abolished. I think government should
take stronger measures to eventually ban tobacco all together.
评语：套用事先备好的文章，但文不对题，不能给分。得0分。, 百拇医药
Part I Structure and Vocabulary
Sections A
Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there
are four choices marked A),B),C)andD). Choose the one that best
completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by
blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)
, 百拇医药
The Social Security Retirement
Program is made up of two trust funds, _____ could go penniless
by next year.
A)the larger one
B)the larger of which
C)the largest one
D)the largest of which
Nowhere in nature is aluminum
found free, owing to its always _____ with other elements, most
, 百拇医药
commonly with oxygen.
A)combined
B)having combined
C)combine
D)being combined
Andrew, my father's younger
brother, will not be at the picnic, _____ to the family's disappointment.
A)much
B)more
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C)too much
D)much more
I would have gone to visit
him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I _____ fully
occupied the whole of last week.
A)were
B)had been
C)have been
D)was
, 百拇医药 Help will come from the UN,
but the aid will be _____ near what's needed.
A)everywhere
B)somewhere
C)nowhere
D)anywhere
The chief reason for the
population growth isn't so much a rise in birth rates _____ a
fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care.
, 百拇医药
A)and
B)as
C)but
D)or
He claims to be an expert
in astronomy, but in actual fact he is quite ignorant on the subject.
_____ he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate.
A)What little
B)So much
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C)How much
D)So little
Although we feel dissatisfied
with the election results, we have to become reconciled _____
the decision made by our fellow countrymen.
A)for
B)on
C)to
D)in
Just as the value of a telephone
, 百拇医药
network increases with each new phone _____ to the system, so
does the value of a computer system increase with each program
that turns out.
A)adding
B)to have added
C)to add
D)added
The vocabulary and grammatical
differences between British and American English are so trivial
, 百拇医药
and few as hardly _____ .
A)noticed
B)to be noticed
C)being noticed
D)to notice
Section B
Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined
parts marked A),B),C)andD). Identify the part of the sentence that
, http://www.100md.com is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening
the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)
Example:
A number of A) foreign visitors were taken B) to the
industrial exhibition which C) they saw D) many new
products.
Part C) is wrong. The sentence should read, “A number of foreign
, 百拇医药
visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition where they saw
many new products.” So you should choose C).
Although Professor
Green's lectures usually ran over A) the fifty minute
B) period, but none C) of his students even D) objected
as they found his lectures both informative and interesting.
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When A) Edison died,
it was proposed that the American people turned off B)
all power C) in their homes, streets, and factories for
several minutes in honor of D) this great man.
They pointed out A)
the damage which B) they supposed that C) had been
done by last night's D) storm.
, 百拇医药
Because of A) the
recent accidents, our parents forbid my brother and me from
swimming B) in the river unless C) someone agrees to
watch D) over us.
A great many A) teachers
firmly B) believe that English is one of the poorest
taught C) subjects in high schools at present. D)
, 百拇医药
In this way these insects
show an efficient use of their soundproduced A) ability,
organizing B) two sounds delivered C) at a high
rate as one call. D)
I thought the technician
was to blame A) for the blowing
B) of the fuse, but I see now how C) I was D) mistaken.
, 百拇医药
For him to be re elected,
A) what is essential is not that his policy works, B) but
that C) the public believe that it is. D)
As far as A) I am
concerned, his politics are B) rather conservative compared
C) with other politicians. D)
I'd say whenever you are
, 百拇医药 going A) after something that is belonging B) to you,
anyone who is depriving C) you of the right to have it
is criminal. D)
Sections C
Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there
are four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Choose the one that best
completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by
, 百拇医药
blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)
Example:
The lost car of the Lees was found _____ in the woods off the highway.
A)vanishedB)scattered C)abandonedD)rejected
The sentence should read, “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned
in the woods off the highway.” Therefore, you should choose C).
, http://www.100md.com
When workers are
organized in trade unions, employers find it hard to lay them
_____.
A)off
B)aside
C)out
D)down
The wealth of a country should
be measured _____ the health and happiness of its people as well
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as the material goods it can produce.
A)in line with
B)in terms of
C)in regard with
D)by means of
He has failed me so many
times that I no longer place any _____ on what he promises.
A)faith
B)belief
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C)credit
D)reliance
My students found the book
_____ it provided them with an abundance of information on the
subject.
A)enlightening
B)confusing
C)distracting
D)amusing
Nobody yet knows how long
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and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will _____
down the economy.
A)put
B)settle
C)drag
D)knock
In this factory the machines
are not regulated _____ but are jointly controlled by a central
computer system.
, 百拇医药
A)independently
B)individually
C)irrespectively
D)irregularly
Every chemical change either
results from energy being sued to produce the change, or causes
energy to be _____ in some form.
A)given off
B)put out
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C)set off
D)used up
If businessmen are taxed
too much, they will no longer be motivated to work hard, with
the result that incomes from taxation might actually _____ .
A)shrink
B)delay
C)disperse
D)sink
, 百拇医药
American companies are evolving
from massproduction manufacturing to _____ enterprises.
A)moveable
B)changing
C)flexible
D)varying
If you know what the trouble
is, why don＇t you help them to _____ the situation?
A)simplify
, 百拇医药
B)modify
C)verify
D)rectify
I can't _____ what has happened
to the vegetables, for they were freshly picked this morning.
A)figure out
B)draw out
C)look out
D)work out
I tried very hard to persuade
, 百拇医药
him to join our group but I met with a flat _____ .
A)disapproval
B)rejection
C)refusal
D)decline
From this material we can
_____ hundreds of what you may call direct products.
A)derive
B)discern
, 百拇医药
C)diminish
D)displace
She had clearly no _____
of doing any work, although she was very well paid.
A)tendency
B)ambition
C)intention
D)willingness
What seems confusing or fragmented
at first might well become _____ a third time.
, 百拇医药
A)clean and measurable
B)notable and systematic
C)pure and wholesome
D)clear and organic
The public opinion was that
the time was not _____ for the election of such a radical candidate
as Mr. Jones.
A)reasonable
B)ripe
, 百拇医药
C)ready
D)practical
Hudson said he could not
kill a living thing except for the _____ of hunger.
A)sensation
B)cause
C)purpose
D)motive
For the new country to survive,
_____ for its people to enjoy prosperity, new economic policies
, 百拇医药
will be required.
A)to name a few
B)let alone
C)not to speak
D)let's say
Foreign disinvestment and
the _____ of South Africa from world capital markets after 1985
further weakened its economy.
A)displacement
, http://www.100md.com
B)elimination
C)exclusion
D)exception
When a number of people _____
together in a conversational knot, each individual expresses his
position in the group by where he stands.
A)pad
B)pack
C)squeeze
, 百拇医药
D)cluster
Part II Cloze Test
Directions:For each numbered blank in the following passage,
there are four choices marked A),B),C),D). Choose the best one and
mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding
letter in the brackets. (10 points)
Manpower Inc., with
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560,000 workers, is the world's largest temporary employment agency.
Every morning, its people 41 into the offices and factories
of America, seeking a day's work for a day's pay. One day at a time
42 industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle
to survive 43 reducing the number of employees, Manpower,
based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.
, http://www.100md.com
44 its economy
continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of
part timers and temporary workers. This "45" work force is
the most important 46 in American business today, and it
is 47 changing the relationship between people and their
jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally
, 百拇医药
competitive 48 avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens
49 by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans.
For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense
of 50 that came from being a loyal employee.
41. A)swarm B)stride C)separate D)slip
42. A)For B)Because C)As D)Since
, 百拇医药
43. A)from B)in C)on D)by
44. A)Even though B)Now that C)If only D)Provided that
45. A)durable B)disposable C)available D)transferable
46. A)approach B)flow C)fashion D)trend
47. A)instantly B)reversely C)fundamentally D)sufficiently
48. A)but B)while C)and D)whereas
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49. A)imposed B)restricted C)illustrated D)confined
50. A)excitement B)conviction C)enthusiasm D)importance
Part III Reading Comprehension
Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by some
questions. For each question there are four answers marked A),B),C)
and D). Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to
, 百拇医药
each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET
by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (40 points)
Passage 1
It was 3:45 in the
morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing
and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern
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Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow
doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to
die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost
immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half
a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to
, 百拇医药 Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group's on line service,
Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because
of course this isn't just something that happened in Australia.
It's world history.”
The full import
may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally III
, http://www.100md.com
law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its
moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief,
others, including churches, right to life groups and the Australian
Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of
its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia
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— where an aging population, life extending technology and changing
community attitudes have all played their part — other states are
going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.
In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering
strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.
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Under the new Northern
Territory law, an adult patient can request death — probably by
a deadly injection or pill — to put an end to suffering. The patient
must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling
off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of
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request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd
Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer,
the NT Rights of Terminally III law means he can get on with living
without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from
his breathing condition. “I'm not afraid of dying from a spiritual
, 百拇医药
point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I'd go, because
I've watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and
clawing at their masks,” he says.
From the second
paragraph we learn that _____ .
A)the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries
B)physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia
, 百拇医药
C)changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage
of the law
D)it takes time to realize the significance of the law's passage
When the author says that
observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means
_____.
A)observers are taking a wait and see attitude towards the future
, 百拇医药
of euthanasia
B)similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and
other countries
C)observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes
D)the effecttaking process of the passed bill may finally come
to a stop
When Lloyd Nickson dies,
, 百拇医药 he will _____.
A)face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia
B)experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient
C)have an intense fear of terrible suffering
D)undergo a cooling off period of seven days
The author's attitude towards
euthanasia seems to be that of _____.
, 百拇医药
A)opposition
B)suspicion
C)approval
D)indifference
Passage 2
A report consistently
brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and
helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation
, 百拇医药
is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best
be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions.
Small minded officials, rude waiters, and illmannered taxi drivers
are hardly unknown in the US Yet it is an observation made so frequently
that it deserves comment.
For a long period
, 百拇医药
of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome
break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were
common problems of the families who generally lived distant from
one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion,
and brought news of the outside world.
The harsh realities
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of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone
traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to
turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter
of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the
part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life:
, 百拇医药
if you didn't take in the stranger and take care of him, there was
no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the
same situation.
Today there are
many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary
traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is
, 百拇医药
still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and
towns away from the busy tourist trails. “I was just traveling through,
got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home
for dinner — amazing.” Such observations reported by visitors to
the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly.
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The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted
neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a
historically developed cultural tradition.
As is true of any
developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals,
assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.
, 百拇医药
And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily meant that
someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail
to “translate” cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions.
For example, when an American uses the word “friend”, the cultural
implications of the word may be quite different from those it has
, 百拇医药
in the visitor's language and culture. It takes more than a brief
encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and
individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many American
value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.
In the eyes of visitors
from the outside world, _____.
, 百拇医药
A)rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US
B)small minded officials deserve a serious comment
C)Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors
D)most Americans are ready to offer help
It could be inferred from
the last paragraph that _____.
A)culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship
, 百拇医药
B)courteous convention and individual interest are interrelated
C)various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends
D)social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural
conventions
Families in frontier settlements
used to entertain strangers _____.
A)to improve their hard life
, 百拇医药
B)in view of their long distance travel
C)to add some flavor to their own daily life
D)out of a charitable impulse
The tradition of hospitality
to strangers _____.
A)tends to be superficial and artificial
B)is generally well kept up in the United States
C)is always understood properly
, 百拇医药
D)was something to do with the busy tourist trails
Passage 3
Technically, any
substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning
is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers
only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug
, 百拇医药
addicts. They don't realize that familiar substances such as alcohol
and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance
is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase “substance
abuse” is often used instead of “drug abuse” to make clear that
substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully
, 百拇医药
misused as heroin and cocaine.
We live a society
in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive:
an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee
to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do
these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a
, 百拇医药
substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in
excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense
perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead
to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked
first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance
, http://www.100md.com
required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance
of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.
Drugs (substances)
that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood,
and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive
, 百拇医药
substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants,
depressants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or
activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it
down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting
and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations.
, http://www.100md.com
These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the
Greek word meaning “mindmanifesting”) because they seemed to radically
alter one's state of consciousness.
“Substance abuse”
(Line 5, Paragraph 1) is preferable to “drug abuse” in that _____.
A)substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally
, http://www.100md.com
used
B)“drug abuse” is only related to a limited number of drug takers
C)alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine
D)many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous
The word “pervasive” (Line
1, Paragraph 2) might mean _____.
A)widespread
, 百拇医药
B)overwhelming
C)piercing
D)fashionable
Physical dependence on certain
substances results from _____.
A)uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of time
B)exclusive use of them for social purposes
C)quantitative application of them to the treatment of diseases
, 百拇医药
D)careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms
From the last paragraph we
can infer that _____.
A)stimulants function positively on the mind
B)hallucinogens are in themselves harmful to health
C)depressants are the worst type of psychoactive substances
D)the three types of psychoactive substances are commonly used
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in groups
Passage 4
No company likes
to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation.
“Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?” Senator
Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. “You have sold
your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children
, 百拇医药
as well?” At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the
latest manifestation of the soul searching that has involved the
company ever since the company was born in 1990. It's a selfexamination
that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative
freedom and the corporate bottom line.
At the core of this
, http://www.100md.com
debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late
Steve Ross in 1992. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure
to raise the stock price and reduce the company's mountainous debt,
which will increase to 17.3 billion after two new cable deals close.
He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure
, 百拇医药
the company, but investors are waiting impatiently.
The flap over rap
is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended
the company's rap music on the grounds of expression. In 1992, when
Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice T's violent rap song
Cop Killer, Levin described rap as a lawful expression of
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street culture, which deserves an outlet. “The test of any democratic
society,” he wrote in a Wall Streel Journal column, “lies
not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives
freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude,
however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We
won't retreat in the face of any threats.”
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Levin would not
comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman
was backing off his hard line stand, at least to some extent. During
the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders'
meeting, Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of society's
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ills” and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York,
who uses rap to communicate with students. But he talked as well
about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social
responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a
drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially
, http://www.100md.com
objectionable music.
The 15 member Time
Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate
strategy. But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns
in this matter. “Some of us have known for many, many years that
the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited,”
, 百拇医药
says Luce. “I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated
with the company have only recently come to realize this.”
Senator Robert Dole
criticized Time Warner for _____.
A)its raising of the corporate stock price
B)its selfexamination of soul
C)its neglect of social responsibility
, 百拇医药
D)its emphasis on creative freedom
According to the passage,
which of the following is TRUE?
A)Luce is a spokesman of Time Warner.
B)Gerald Levin is liable to compromise.
C)Time Warner is united as one in the face of the debate.
D)Stever Ross is no longer alive
, 百拇医药
In face of the recent attacks
on the company, the chairman _____.
A)stuck to a strong stand to defend freedom of expression
B)softened his tone and adopted some new policy
C)changed his attitude and yielded to objection
D)received more support from the 15member board
The best title for this passage
, 百拇医药
could be _____.
A)A Company under Fire
B)A Debate on Moral Decline
C)A Lawful Outlet of Street Culture
D)A Form of Creative Freedom
Passage 5
Much of the language
used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy
, 百拇医药
to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes”, makes it sound like
a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The
link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there
are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on
the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary
, 百拇医药 policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear
view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.
Given all these
disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about
of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies
fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years,
, 百拇医药
before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below
the double digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s
and early 1980s.
It is also less
than most forecasters had predicated. In late 1994 the panel of
economists which The Economist polls each month said that
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America's inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it
fell to 2.6% in August, and expected to average only about 3% for
the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half
a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year.
This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation
, 百拇医药
has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.
Economists have
been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain
and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that
both economies, and especially America's, have little productive
, 百拇医药 slack. America's capacity utilization, for example, his historically
high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August)
has fallen bellow most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment
— the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.
Why has inflation
, http://www.100md.com proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately,
a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural
changes in the world have up ended the old economic models that
were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.
From the passage
we learn that _____.
, 百拇医药
A)there is a definite relationship between inflation and interest
rates
B)economy will always follow certain models
C)the economic situation is better than expected
D)economists had foreseen the present economic situation
According to the passage,
which of the following is TRUE?
, 百拇医药
A)Making monetary policies is comparable to driving a car
B)An extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation
C)A high unemployment rate will result from inflation
D)Interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy
The sentence “This is no
flash in the pan” (Line 5, Paragraph 3) means that _____.
, 百拇医药
A)the low inflation rate will last for some time
B)the inflation rate will soon rise
C)the inflation will disappear quickly
D)there is no inflation at present
The passage shows that the
author is _____ the present situation.
A)critical of
B)puzzled by
, 百拇医药
C)disappointed at
D)amazed at
Part IV English Chinese Translation
Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then
translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation
must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points).
Do animals have rights? This is how the
, 百拇医药
question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, groundclearing
way to start. 71) Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that
there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the
world does not have.
On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily
follows that animals have none. 72) Some philosophers argue that
, 百拇医药
rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange
of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights.
The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for
exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights.
However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested
, 百拇医药
one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people
— for instance to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations.
In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people
who never consented to it, how do you reply to somebody who says
“I don't like this contract”?
The point is this: without agreement on
, 百拇医药
the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless.
73) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites
you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration
humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.
This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental,
, 百拇医药
question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?
Many deny it. 74) Arguing from the view
that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect,
extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area
of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is
seen as a mistake — a sentimental displacement of feeling that should
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properly be directed to other humans.
This view which holds that torturing a monkey
is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “logical”.
In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject
it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning — the ethical equivalent
of learning to crawl — is to weigh others' interests against one's
, 百拇医药
own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without there
is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough,
for most, to engage sympathy. 75) When that happens, it is not
a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action,
an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
, http://www.100md.com 71._____________________________________________________________.
72._____________________________________________________________.
73._____________________________________________________________.
74._____________________________________________________________.
75._____________________________________________________________.
, http://www.100md.com Part V Writing (15 points)
Directions:
A.Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay
in no less than 120.
B.Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.
C.Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet
the requirements below:
, 百拇医药
1. Interpret the following pictures.
2.Predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reason.
Key
Part I Structure and Vocabulary
Section A(1-10)
BDADCBACDB
Section B(11-20)
CBCBCACDDB
Section C(21-40)
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ABDACBAACDACACDBDBCD
Part II Cloze Test(41-50)
ACDABDCBAD
Part III Reading Comprehension(51-70)
DBACDACBDAABCDBACBAD
Part IV English Chinese Translation
71.事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。
72.有些哲学家论证说，权利只存在在于社会契约中，是责任与权益相交换的一部分。
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73.这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。
74.这类人持极端看法，认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，对待动物无须考虑道德问题。
75.这种反应并不错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用，这种本能应得到鼓励，而不应遭到嘲弄。
Part V Writing
样题 1
We meet smokers everywhere: in the streets,
on college campuses and in shops. There are 5.8 billion people in
, 百拇医药
the world, and the smokers are about 1.1 billion, which makes up
20 percent of the world's total population.
Smoking is very harmful. I think there are
two main aspects to the damage. First, smoking consumes a great
deal of money. As is shown in the pictorial graph, smiling wastes
200 billion dollars each year in the world. Second, smoking does
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harm to the health of smokers, and it is the main cause of lung
cancer. About 3 million people die because of the relevant diseases
derived from smoking every year.
Because more and more people are aware of
the great harm of smoking to humans, the amount of tobacco consumption
is on the decrease. From the following figures we can clearly see
, 百拇医药
the tendency. The total amount of world tobacco production added
up to 14.364 billion pounds in 1994, but it dropped to 14.2 billion
pounds in 1995. At the same time, many countries call on people
to give up smoking. So it is certain that the number of smokers
is to decrease.
样题 2
About Tobacco Consumption
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From the above set of pictures, we can see
that there were a total of 14.364 billion pounds of tobacco produced
in 1994 and 14.2 billion pounds in 1995. Because the amount of tobacco
production is falling yearly, it can be predicted that the tendency
of tobacco consumption would also be falling yearly. There are many
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reasons. Firstly, smoking wastes money. Every year there are two
hundred billion dollars “burnt” in the cigarette “fire”. Secondly,
smoking would hardly do people any good and it can even cause cancer.
Every year there are three million people “buried” in the cigarette
“tomb”.
Although tobacco consumption is falling,
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there are too many people who smoke. The population in the world
is 5.8 billion, but about twenty percent of the population, that
is to say 1.1 billion people, smoke. So the situation is serious
and the movement against smoking is still a difficult task.
评语：上边两篇作文内容符合要求，包括对各图的说明，对趋势的预测及理由，数字表达正确，语言较好，表达能力较强，长度符合要求。得14分
样题 3
, http://www.100md.com
The total product of tobacco was 14.364
billion pounds in 1994. In 1995 the total product of tobacco in
the world decreased to 14.2 billion pounds. The population of the
world is 5.8 billion. The number of smokers is 1.1 billion, which
is 20% of the population in the world. Every year 200 billion dollars
, 百拇医药
is wasted owing to smoking and 3 million people die of smoking.
From the total product of tobacco in the
world we can draw a conclusion that the tendency of tobacco consumption
is decreased. I think that there are two reasons. One reason is
that more and more people realize that smoking is harmful for health
, 百拇医药
and give up smoking. The other one is that smoking is forbidden
in the popular area in more and more countries. The two reasons
lead to the decreasing tendency of tobacco consumption in the world.
样题 4
From the pictures, we first know that there
are a lot of smoking people in the world. The number of the whole
, 百拇医药
population in the world is 5.8 billion, and the number of smoking
people is 1.1 billion. So the percentage of smoking person is about
20. It is a large ratio.
Secondly we know from the pictures that
tobacco gives us only disaster. Each year it devours 200 billion
dollars and deprives 3 million people of their lives. It is horrible.
, 百拇医药
Luckily nowadays more and more people begin
to pay attention to their health. Thus I think the tendency of tobacco
consumption will descend. From the pictures we also know that the
output of the tobacco is declining, from 14.364 billion pounds in
1994 to 14.2 billion pounds in 1995.
评语：上边样题 3和样题 4这两篇作文内容符合要求，包括对各图的说明，对趋势的预测及理由，数字表达正确，思想表达清楚，文字连贯，句式变化较多，结构与用词有少量一般性错误，长度符合要求。得11分
, 百拇医药
样题 5
As shown in the pictures, we can see that
the total tobacco product is 14.364 billion pounds in 1994, while
it is 14.2 billion pounds in 1995. The whole population of earth
is 5.8 billion, but the human beings who keeps smoking is 1.1 billion,
maintaining the proportion of 20 percent. Owing to the cigarette,
, 百拇医药
200 billion dollars were wasted, 3 million people die of smoking
annually.
From the figure given in the chart, we can
come to a conclusion that the total tobacco consumption will decrease.
There are reasons for the dropping consumption. First, more and
more people believe smoking do harm to health, waste money. So a
, 百拇医药
lot of people begin to give up smoking. Second, forbidding smoking
in public areas cause people conscious that smoking is a bad habit.
Therefor, I believe more and more will give up smoking with the
advancement of society.
样题 6
From the pictures, we can draw a conclusion
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that the tobacco consumption in the world is rather high.
In 1994, the total product of tobacco is
14.364 billion pounds and in 1995, is 14.2 billion pounds. There
are a great number of smokers in the world — the number of 1.1 billion.
That is to say, of the 5.8 billion people, 20 percent have the habit
, 百拇医药 of smoking.
For the sake of high tobacco consumption,
2000 billion dollars are lost and 3000 thousand people lose their
lives every year.
In my opinion, the consumption of tobacco
will decrease as more and more people have come to know the damage
, 百拇医药 of the tobacco. This can be found in the pictures. Smoking leads
to many problems such as lung cancer, economic loss and pollution
of the air.
For abovementioned reasons. I believe the
consumption of tobacco will decrease and all the problem it causes
will be solved.
评语：样题 5和样题 6这两篇作文内容符合要求，包括对各图的说明，对趋势的预测及理由，表达基本清楚，但结构与用词错误较多，数字表达有误，长度符合要求。得8分
, http://www.100md.com
样题 7
Today, many countries product all kinds
of tobacco. Almost every shop has tobacco. In 1994, the tobacco
consumption has get to 143.64 billion pounds. So much tobacco can
be sell out every year. The population of the world is 58 million.
But, smokers in the world have 11 million. It is about 20% of world
, 百拇医药
population.
We all know, smoking has a great harm to
people. Every year about 300 million people died desease that deprive
from smoking. Smoking use much money every year. About 2000 million
dollars.
We can see, smoking is so much harmness.
So, we advocate all of people have't smoke.
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In 1995, the tobacco consumption has 142
million pounds, much less that in 1994. Because many people of smoking
already think the smoking has no advantage, only bring illness.
We hope all of the world, it is no people
smoke in the future.
样题 8
, 百拇医药 On Smoking
In the whole world the tobacco consumption
has being decrease. According to the figure given in the data, we
can see tobacco consumption was about 143.64 billion pounds in 1994,
and about 142 billion pounds in 1995. Why are there on the decrease?
I think there are two reasons. In the first
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place, smoking is do harm to people health. For example, it is may
be responsible for lung cancer. There are about 300 thousand people
died of smoking every year. Secondly, smoking cost a great deal.
Every year money spend on smoking is about 200000000.
As a result, when people realize this, they
begin to give up smoking.
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But I must point out that smoker all over
the world still account for 20%, about 11000000. So we must educate
people give up smoking.
评语：样题 7和样题 8内容基本符合要求，语句尚可理解，但结构与用词错误多，有些是严重错误，数字表达错误，长度符合要求。得5分
样题 9
In wave of economic reform, more and more
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people have realize the damage of smoking. It is obvious. Smoking
has not any benefit to man's health, but as is know to all, everything
has two sides. The taxs of tobacco are main resource of nation finasal.
So the government of all country have to permit the product of tobacco.
According to the figure, we can see the sum production of tobacco
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very great, 143.64 billion pounds in 1994, 142 billion pounds in
1995. The number of smoking man is 20% during world population.
Smoking damages not only human's body but also waste lot of money.
For example, there are 2000 billion dollar spending in tobacco and
300 million people die in smoking.
I think the tendency of tobacco consumprion
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have be taken down. I should try my best to depress the damage of
smoking.
样题 10
It is said that smoking do harm. I realy
agree with it.
Everyone in world know that smoking is not
good habit, at the same time, so many warns with the words “No Smoking”
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everywhere. But on the other hand, there is lots of people are fond
of smoking. as a result, every year about 200 billion dollars are
to smoking, as well as 30 million people dies from it. How can these
more than one billion people about one fifth ration give up smoking?
It is always problem.
In word, smoking is harmful, we should give
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up.
评语：样题 9和样题 10这两篇作文内容与本题要求部分有关，除事先备好但与要求不符的语句外，结构与用词错误多且严重，词不达意，条理不清，不成篇章，数字表达混乱。得2分。
样题 11
The Tobacco Is Harmful To Us
Some of us are favour of smoking and consider
that is enjoyable. In actually, it isn't.
The are fiftyeight million people in world,
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but the smoker is twenty percent, about eleven thousand million
people. Because of this, the circle around of us is pollusion, the
health of human is very had. There are three hundred million people
die for smoking every year. Moreover 2000 thousand million lost
every year.
评语：语句几乎无一正确，数字表达混乱，长度不合要求。得0分。
, http://www.100md.com
样题 12
From the figures we can see smoking is harmful
to people's health. On one hand, it cause many diseases; on the
other, it costs a lot of money. But today people all over the world
still smoke a lot. Some people smoke out of habit. Others enjoy
smoking, and find it is good for their nerves when they are tired.
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And still others smoke to be sociable: they like to offer fridns
cigarette when talking business with others.
But as we all know doctors have warned people
that tobacco is very dangerous to the smokers and may cause all
kind of illness, including the cancer of lung. Many deaths are caused
every year. And the government too are taking measures to prevent
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people from smoking.
As far as I am concerned. I think smoking
is a great evil that should be abolished. I think government should
take stronger measures to eventually ban tobacco all together.
评语：套用事先备好的文章，但文不对题，不能给分。得0分。, 百拇医药