世界卫生组织：改善饮水杜绝疾病
http://www.100md.com
2001年2月13日
路透社里约热内卢消息 世界卫生组织(WHO)最近在巴西发布的一份报告，提出要在未来25年内改善全球的饮水供应、卫生设施及卫生条件，期望在2015年前能将全球不能享受饮水供应和卫生设施的人数减少一半，并且在全球范围内降低每年因水源性疾病所导致的死亡人数。
这份由世界卫生组织(WHO)、饮用水及卫生设施联合委员会(WSSCC)和联合国儿童基金会合作的报告提到，每一个人都有享用卫生饮用水的权利，这是对人的尊严和基本人权的尊重，也是全球范围内的一个基本问题。然而，目前全世界尚有十一亿人口的供水设施没有得到改善，二十四亿人的环境卫生条件没有得到改善，其中大多数人生活在亚洲和非洲。这两组数据分别超过世界人口的六分之一和五分之二。
WHO的目标是到2015年能使超过二十二亿人的卫生条件及十六亿人的饮水问题得到改善，这就要求在未来15年内每天要解决292,000个人的饮水问题，改善397,000个人的卫生条件。在世界范围内特别是在发展中国家中，这些基本条件的改善将大大减少患痢疾、肠道寄生虫病以及因沙眼致盲的人数。在每年四十亿腹泻患者中，有大约两百二十万人死亡，其中大多数是5岁以下的儿童。这相当于每15秒就有一个儿童频临死亡或每天有二十架大型喷气式客机失事。干净的饮用水和卫生设施能使痢疾患者降低至目前的三分之一。
, http://www.100md.com
为了完成WHO的目标，在未来15年内，全球平均需要增加投入30%的资金以改善饮用水供应，增加一倍的资金改善卫生设施。即每年大约需要额外投入七十亿美元费用，花费虽然很大，但是这还不到欧洲每年在酒精消费上的十分之一，也不到美国每年在宠物食物上花费的一半。
2015年到2025年预定目标的大多数工作将在亚洲开展，因为亚洲干净饮用水的覆盖只有百分之八十一，仅次于非洲，是世界范围内第二低的；亚洲仅有百分之四十八人口的环境卫生条件符合标准，这也是目前为止世界上最低的；亚洲需要改善卫生条件的人数超过非洲、拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区的总和。但是，这并不意味着亚洲穷人的需要比在其它地方更迫切，只是在亚洲多数人没有干净的水源供应和良好的卫生设施。
目前，全球已经有将近50个发展中国家成功使90%的人口能享用干净的饮用水和良好的卫生设施，WHO的预定目标的实现不但需要中央政府的支持，而且要依靠个人和有关机构的推行。
, 百拇医药
WHO Plans Better World Water Supply to Cut Disease
RIO DE JANEIRO (Reuters) - The World Health Organization (news - web sites) (WHO) hopes to halve the numbers of people without access to water supply and sanitation by 2015 and drastically cut the planet‘s annual death toll from water-borne diseases.
In a global report launched in Brazil on Wednesday, WHO said it also aimed to provide universal access to water supply, sanitation and hygiene within the next 25 years -- all at an estimated extra cost of some ￥7 billion a year globally.
, 百拇医药
``That is a lot of money but it is less than a tenth of what Europe spends on alcohol every year. It is well under half of what the United States spends on pet food every year,‘‘ said Richard Jolly, chairman of the Geneva-based Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC).
The report, co-authored by WHO, WSSCC and the United Nations (news - web sites) Children‘s Fund UNICEF (news - web sites), said 1.1 billion people worldwide had no improved water supply and 2.4 billion had no improved sanitation. Most of them lived in Asia and Africa.
, 百拇医药
These figures represented more than one-sixth and two-fifths of the world‘s population respectively, it said.
``To achieve these goals, for drinking water we will need to raise investments by 30 percent and double investments for sanitation in the next 15 years on a global average,‘‘ said Jose Hueb, a WHO co-ordinator who worked on the report.
``This is a problem of dignity and respect for basic human rights. Everybody has a basic right to have access to drinking water. This is a fundamental problem on a global level.‘‘
, 百拇医药
WHO‘s goals for 2015 call for improved sanitation access for 2.2 billion more people and water supply access for 1.6 billion people. This would require providing water for 292,000 people and sanitation facilities to 397,000 people every day for the next 15 years, it said.
Improving these essential services worldwide, especially in developing countries, would also sharply reduce the numbers of people suffering from diseases such as diarrhea, intestinal worms and blindness caused by trachoma.
, 百拇医药
Every year, 2.2 million people die of diarrhea out of the four billion cases reported and most of the deaths are children under five years old -- equivalent to one child dying every 15 seconds or 20 jumbo jets crashing every day, it said.
Better water and sanitation could cut diarrheal disease by up to a third, Hueb said.
Most of the work which will be required to achieve the stated goals for 2015 and 2025 is expected to be in Asia where only 48 percent of the population has sanitation coverage -- by far the lowest of any region in the world.
, 百拇医药
``The absolute needs in Asia outstrip those of Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean combined,‘‘ the report said.
``This does not mean that the needs of the poor are any more acute in Asia than elsewhere, only that the majority of people without access to water supply and sanitation services are in Asia,‘‘ it said. Asia‘s total water coverage was also the second lowest in the world, after Africa, at 81 percent.
WSSCC‘s Jolly said nearly 50 of the world‘s developing countries had already achieved an average 90 percent coverage of water and 90 percent of sanitation.
``It can be done...there needs to be commitment from central government but reliance on people and institutions for implementation,‘‘ he said., 百拇医药
这份由世界卫生组织(WHO)、饮用水及卫生设施联合委员会(WSSCC)和联合国儿童基金会合作的报告提到，每一个人都有享用卫生饮用水的权利，这是对人的尊严和基本人权的尊重，也是全球范围内的一个基本问题。然而，目前全世界尚有十一亿人口的供水设施没有得到改善，二十四亿人的环境卫生条件没有得到改善，其中大多数人生活在亚洲和非洲。这两组数据分别超过世界人口的六分之一和五分之二。
WHO的目标是到2015年能使超过二十二亿人的卫生条件及十六亿人的饮水问题得到改善，这就要求在未来15年内每天要解决292,000个人的饮水问题，改善397,000个人的卫生条件。在世界范围内特别是在发展中国家中，这些基本条件的改善将大大减少患痢疾、肠道寄生虫病以及因沙眼致盲的人数。在每年四十亿腹泻患者中，有大约两百二十万人死亡，其中大多数是5岁以下的儿童。这相当于每15秒就有一个儿童频临死亡或每天有二十架大型喷气式客机失事。干净的饮用水和卫生设施能使痢疾患者降低至目前的三分之一。
, http://www.100md.com
为了完成WHO的目标，在未来15年内，全球平均需要增加投入30%的资金以改善饮用水供应，增加一倍的资金改善卫生设施。即每年大约需要额外投入七十亿美元费用，花费虽然很大，但是这还不到欧洲每年在酒精消费上的十分之一，也不到美国每年在宠物食物上花费的一半。
2015年到2025年预定目标的大多数工作将在亚洲开展，因为亚洲干净饮用水的覆盖只有百分之八十一，仅次于非洲，是世界范围内第二低的；亚洲仅有百分之四十八人口的环境卫生条件符合标准，这也是目前为止世界上最低的；亚洲需要改善卫生条件的人数超过非洲、拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区的总和。但是，这并不意味着亚洲穷人的需要比在其它地方更迫切，只是在亚洲多数人没有干净的水源供应和良好的卫生设施。
目前，全球已经有将近50个发展中国家成功使90%的人口能享用干净的饮用水和良好的卫生设施，WHO的预定目标的实现不但需要中央政府的支持，而且要依靠个人和有关机构的推行。
, 百拇医药
WHO Plans Better World Water Supply to Cut Disease
RIO DE JANEIRO (Reuters) - The World Health Organization (news - web sites) (WHO) hopes to halve the numbers of people without access to water supply and sanitation by 2015 and drastically cut the planet‘s annual death toll from water-borne diseases.
In a global report launched in Brazil on Wednesday, WHO said it also aimed to provide universal access to water supply, sanitation and hygiene within the next 25 years -- all at an estimated extra cost of some ￥7 billion a year globally.
, 百拇医药
``That is a lot of money but it is less than a tenth of what Europe spends on alcohol every year. It is well under half of what the United States spends on pet food every year,‘‘ said Richard Jolly, chairman of the Geneva-based Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC).
The report, co-authored by WHO, WSSCC and the United Nations (news - web sites) Children‘s Fund UNICEF (news - web sites), said 1.1 billion people worldwide had no improved water supply and 2.4 billion had no improved sanitation. Most of them lived in Asia and Africa.
, 百拇医药
These figures represented more than one-sixth and two-fifths of the world‘s population respectively, it said.
``To achieve these goals, for drinking water we will need to raise investments by 30 percent and double investments for sanitation in the next 15 years on a global average,‘‘ said Jose Hueb, a WHO co-ordinator who worked on the report.
``This is a problem of dignity and respect for basic human rights. Everybody has a basic right to have access to drinking water. This is a fundamental problem on a global level.‘‘
, 百拇医药
WHO‘s goals for 2015 call for improved sanitation access for 2.2 billion more people and water supply access for 1.6 billion people. This would require providing water for 292,000 people and sanitation facilities to 397,000 people every day for the next 15 years, it said.
Improving these essential services worldwide, especially in developing countries, would also sharply reduce the numbers of people suffering from diseases such as diarrhea, intestinal worms and blindness caused by trachoma.
, 百拇医药
Every year, 2.2 million people die of diarrhea out of the four billion cases reported and most of the deaths are children under five years old -- equivalent to one child dying every 15 seconds or 20 jumbo jets crashing every day, it said.
Better water and sanitation could cut diarrheal disease by up to a third, Hueb said.
Most of the work which will be required to achieve the stated goals for 2015 and 2025 is expected to be in Asia where only 48 percent of the population has sanitation coverage -- by far the lowest of any region in the world.
, 百拇医药
``The absolute needs in Asia outstrip those of Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean combined,‘‘ the report said.
``This does not mean that the needs of the poor are any more acute in Asia than elsewhere, only that the majority of people without access to water supply and sanitation services are in Asia,‘‘ it said. Asia‘s total water coverage was also the second lowest in the world, after Africa, at 81 percent.
WSSCC‘s Jolly said nearly 50 of the world‘s developing countries had already achieved an average 90 percent coverage of water and 90 percent of sanitation.
``It can be done...there needs to be commitment from central government but reliance on people and institutions for implementation,‘‘ he said., 百拇医药