负面媒体信息已影响儿童健康
美联社芝加哥消息 二月份美国《儿科学》上的四项研究反映，青少年儿童超重的问题越来越受到关注，据估计目前已有25%的青少年儿童超重，而且人数日渐增多。
第一项研究表明，受父母和传媒的影响，越来越多的儿童和青少年正在为自己的体重而焦虑，他们渴望拥有模特儿般纤瘦的身材，又或者拥有健身者的一身古铜色皮肤。第二项研究发现，在小至5岁的女孩身上，也能观察到超重和低自信心的关系；第三项研究发现，进餐时间看电视容易使孩子们养成不健康的饮食习惯。第四项研究发现，美国训练儿科医生的项目，教授负面传媒信息对儿童的影响的不到三分之一。
第一项研究由美国波士顿顿布莱翰姆和妇女医院进行，研究人员从1996和1997年对12057名年龄9-14岁的儿童的问卷调查中发现，即使是没有超重的儿童，他们也很关心自己的体重问题。9%的女孩和4%的男孩极度关心体重问题，体重增加了2磅(接近一公斤)就焦虑不已；另有6%的女孩和2%的男孩在研究期间对自己的体重高度敏感；长期节食较为罕见，在研究初期只有2%的女孩和1%的男孩，但是到了1997年这一数字翻了一番。
, 百拇医药
在大众传媒的影响下，女孩子们形成了“不切实际的瘦弱体形”的错误观念。研究人员警告说，传媒在塑造男性体形方面也传达了类似的不良信息，使得男孩子们易于受此影响而过份关注自己的体重。父母是节食者或者其体形瘦弱会极大地影响孩子。此外，花费大量时间效仿传媒影星形像的青少年们更倾向于长期节食，并极度关心自己的体重问题。
第二项研究由宾夕法尼亚州立大学进行。研究显示，即使是年纪很小的儿童也意识到社会对瘦身的定位。研究人员调查了197名5岁儿童，其中包括48名超重儿，结果发现，超重儿童明显比正常儿童缺乏自信心。这些女孩可能会有早期节食的倾向，而这会妨碍她们的生长发育。父母不应该忽略孩子的体重问题，他们应该避免负面信息对孩子的影响，并积极寻找有效的解决方法。
在塔夫兹大学营养、科学与政策学院进行的第三项研究显示，其中一个解决措施也许就是在进餐时关掉电视机。该研究发现，习惯了在进餐时看电视的家庭中的孩子往往进食更多高盐份的食物和碳酸饮料，而他们较少吃水果和蔬菜。参加这项调查的是华盛顿特区中小孩平均年龄为10岁的91个家庭。研究还发现，电视广告和节目在如何制定日常菜谱方面提倡一种不切实际的观点，其它诸如父母的教育水平等因素也有一定的负面影响。
, 百拇医药
第四项研究由哈弗医学院和芝加哥罗亚拉大学进行，研究调查了1999-2000学年全美国被认可的209个儿科住院医师培训项目中的204个，发现只有不足三分之一的美国儿科住院医生培训项目教授媒体的导向对儿童健康的影响，其中96个培训项目(占47%)鼓励儿科医师与患者和孩子的父母讨论媒体的影响；但是只有58个培训项目(占28.4%)在正式课程中提到电视、电影、互联网和电脑游戏的影响带来的危险性。作者提出，正如儿科医师常常使用鼓励孩子戴自行车头盔和安全带的方法来降低对儿童健康的危害一样，媒体的影响也应该纳入健康教育中去。
Study: Kids‘ Weight a Major Concern
CHICAGO (AP) - Influenced by their parents and the media, a disturbing number of children and teen-agers are worrying about their weight in hopes of looking model-thin or bodybuilder buff, a study says.
, 百拇医药
A second study linked being overweight with low self-esteem in girls as young as 5, while a third suggests that watching TV at mealtime may contribute to children‘s unhealthy eating habits. A fourth study found that fewer than one-third of U.S. programs that train pediatricians teach about the effect of negative media messages on children‘s health.
The reports, published in the January issue of the journal Pediatrics, come amid growing concern about the number of overweight youngsters - 25 percent and rising by some estimates.
, http://www.100md.com
The first study, from Brigham and Women‘s Hospital in Boston, is based on questionnaires given to 12,057 children ages 9 to 14 in 1996 and 1997. Weight concerns were found in children who weren‘t overweight.
In the first year, 9 percent of the girls and 4 percent of the boys had extreme weight concerns, such as worries over gaining 2 pounds. An additional 6 percent of girls and 2 percent of boys became highly weight-conscious during the study. Constant dieting was uncommon - reported initially by 2 percent of the girls and 1 percent of boys - but the numbers doubled in 1997.
, 百拇医药
Girls have been encouraged ``to form unrealistically thin body ideals‘‘ by the mass media, said Alison E. Field, who led the study. A similar message about sculpted male bodies ``is taking its toll on boys, making them more susceptible to being overly concerned about weight,‘‘ she said.
The responses suggested that parents who were dieters or valued leanness strongly influenced their children. In addition, youngsters who reported spending lots of time trying to emulate popular media figures were more prone to chronic dieting and extreme weight concerns.
, 百拇医药
Another study suggests that even very young children are aware of society‘s fixation on thinness. The study of 197 5-year-old girls included 48 who were overweight. Those who were overweight reported significantly lower body self-esteem than those of normal weight.
Such girls may be prone to early dieting, which could impede their growth, said the study‘s authors Kirsten Krahnstoever Davison and Leann Lipps Birch of Pennsylvania State University.
, 百拇医药
While parents should not ignore a child‘s weight problem, they should avoid negative messages and seek constructive solutions, the authors said.
One solution might be turning off the television during meals, suggests a third study, from the School of Nutrition, Science and Policy at Tufts University. It found that children whose families routinely watched TV at mealtime ate more salty snack foods and sodas, and fewer fruits and vegetables than those who turned the televisions off.
, 百拇医药
Participants included 91 Washington, D.C.-area families with children age 10 on average. The findings suggest that television ads and shows offer an unrealistic view of what constitutes a normal diet, though other factors such as parents‘ education level also may play a role, said researchers.
The fourth study found that fewer than one-third of U.S. pediatric residency programs teach about the effect of media exposure on children‘s health. The results were based on responses from 204 of the 209 pediatric residency programs nationwide accredited for the academic year 1999-2000.
, 百拇医药
Ninety-six programs - 47 percent - encouraged residents to discuss media use with patients and parents, but just 58 - 28.4 percent - offered formal education regarding the risks posed by television, movies, the Internet and video games.
``Just as pediatricians have included health risk avoidance using nonmedical tools such as bicycle helmets and seat belts, media effects need to be included as part of the health maintenance visit,‘‘ said the authors, Drs. Michael Rich of Harvard Medical School and Miriam Bar-on of Chicago‘s Loyola University., 百拇医药
第一项研究表明，受父母和传媒的影响，越来越多的儿童和青少年正在为自己的体重而焦虑，他们渴望拥有模特儿般纤瘦的身材，又或者拥有健身者的一身古铜色皮肤。第二项研究发现，在小至5岁的女孩身上，也能观察到超重和低自信心的关系；第三项研究发现，进餐时间看电视容易使孩子们养成不健康的饮食习惯。第四项研究发现，美国训练儿科医生的项目，教授负面传媒信息对儿童的影响的不到三分之一。
第一项研究由美国波士顿顿布莱翰姆和妇女医院进行，研究人员从1996和1997年对12057名年龄9-14岁的儿童的问卷调查中发现，即使是没有超重的儿童，他们也很关心自己的体重问题。9%的女孩和4%的男孩极度关心体重问题，体重增加了2磅(接近一公斤)就焦虑不已；另有6%的女孩和2%的男孩在研究期间对自己的体重高度敏感；长期节食较为罕见，在研究初期只有2%的女孩和1%的男孩，但是到了1997年这一数字翻了一番。
, 百拇医药
在大众传媒的影响下，女孩子们形成了“不切实际的瘦弱体形”的错误观念。研究人员警告说，传媒在塑造男性体形方面也传达了类似的不良信息，使得男孩子们易于受此影响而过份关注自己的体重。父母是节食者或者其体形瘦弱会极大地影响孩子。此外，花费大量时间效仿传媒影星形像的青少年们更倾向于长期节食，并极度关心自己的体重问题。
第二项研究由宾夕法尼亚州立大学进行。研究显示，即使是年纪很小的儿童也意识到社会对瘦身的定位。研究人员调查了197名5岁儿童，其中包括48名超重儿，结果发现，超重儿童明显比正常儿童缺乏自信心。这些女孩可能会有早期节食的倾向，而这会妨碍她们的生长发育。父母不应该忽略孩子的体重问题，他们应该避免负面信息对孩子的影响，并积极寻找有效的解决方法。
在塔夫兹大学营养、科学与政策学院进行的第三项研究显示，其中一个解决措施也许就是在进餐时关掉电视机。该研究发现，习惯了在进餐时看电视的家庭中的孩子往往进食更多高盐份的食物和碳酸饮料，而他们较少吃水果和蔬菜。参加这项调查的是华盛顿特区中小孩平均年龄为10岁的91个家庭。研究还发现，电视广告和节目在如何制定日常菜谱方面提倡一种不切实际的观点，其它诸如父母的教育水平等因素也有一定的负面影响。
, 百拇医药
第四项研究由哈弗医学院和芝加哥罗亚拉大学进行，研究调查了1999-2000学年全美国被认可的209个儿科住院医师培训项目中的204个，发现只有不足三分之一的美国儿科住院医生培训项目教授媒体的导向对儿童健康的影响，其中96个培训项目(占47%)鼓励儿科医师与患者和孩子的父母讨论媒体的影响；但是只有58个培训项目(占28.4%)在正式课程中提到电视、电影、互联网和电脑游戏的影响带来的危险性。作者提出，正如儿科医师常常使用鼓励孩子戴自行车头盔和安全带的方法来降低对儿童健康的危害一样，媒体的影响也应该纳入健康教育中去。
Study: Kids‘ Weight a Major Concern
CHICAGO (AP) - Influenced by their parents and the media, a disturbing number of children and teen-agers are worrying about their weight in hopes of looking model-thin or bodybuilder buff, a study says.
, 百拇医药
A second study linked being overweight with low self-esteem in girls as young as 5, while a third suggests that watching TV at mealtime may contribute to children‘s unhealthy eating habits. A fourth study found that fewer than one-third of U.S. programs that train pediatricians teach about the effect of negative media messages on children‘s health.
The reports, published in the January issue of the journal Pediatrics, come amid growing concern about the number of overweight youngsters - 25 percent and rising by some estimates.
, http://www.100md.com
The first study, from Brigham and Women‘s Hospital in Boston, is based on questionnaires given to 12,057 children ages 9 to 14 in 1996 and 1997. Weight concerns were found in children who weren‘t overweight.
In the first year, 9 percent of the girls and 4 percent of the boys had extreme weight concerns, such as worries over gaining 2 pounds. An additional 6 percent of girls and 2 percent of boys became highly weight-conscious during the study. Constant dieting was uncommon - reported initially by 2 percent of the girls and 1 percent of boys - but the numbers doubled in 1997.
, 百拇医药
Girls have been encouraged ``to form unrealistically thin body ideals‘‘ by the mass media, said Alison E. Field, who led the study. A similar message about sculpted male bodies ``is taking its toll on boys, making them more susceptible to being overly concerned about weight,‘‘ she said.
The responses suggested that parents who were dieters or valued leanness strongly influenced their children. In addition, youngsters who reported spending lots of time trying to emulate popular media figures were more prone to chronic dieting and extreme weight concerns.
, 百拇医药
Another study suggests that even very young children are aware of society‘s fixation on thinness. The study of 197 5-year-old girls included 48 who were overweight. Those who were overweight reported significantly lower body self-esteem than those of normal weight.
Such girls may be prone to early dieting, which could impede their growth, said the study‘s authors Kirsten Krahnstoever Davison and Leann Lipps Birch of Pennsylvania State University.
, 百拇医药
While parents should not ignore a child‘s weight problem, they should avoid negative messages and seek constructive solutions, the authors said.
One solution might be turning off the television during meals, suggests a third study, from the School of Nutrition, Science and Policy at Tufts University. It found that children whose families routinely watched TV at mealtime ate more salty snack foods and sodas, and fewer fruits and vegetables than those who turned the televisions off.
, 百拇医药
Participants included 91 Washington, D.C.-area families with children age 10 on average. The findings suggest that television ads and shows offer an unrealistic view of what constitutes a normal diet, though other factors such as parents‘ education level also may play a role, said researchers.
The fourth study found that fewer than one-third of U.S. pediatric residency programs teach about the effect of media exposure on children‘s health. The results were based on responses from 204 of the 209 pediatric residency programs nationwide accredited for the academic year 1999-2000.
, 百拇医药
Ninety-six programs - 47 percent - encouraged residents to discuss media use with patients and parents, but just 58 - 28.4 percent - offered formal education regarding the risks posed by television, movies, the Internet and video games.
``Just as pediatricians have included health risk avoidance using nonmedical tools such as bicycle helmets and seat belts, media effects need to be included as part of the health maintenance visit,‘‘ said the authors, Drs. Michael Rich of Harvard Medical School and Miriam Bar-on of Chicago‘s Loyola University., 百拇医药