怀孕头三个月易受精神压力伤害
路透社纽约健康消息 美国加利福尼亚州研究者的报告指出，经历地震等精神刺激，似乎对妊娠早期的妇女更能造成影响。
加利福尼亚大学的劳拉·M·格林博士及其同事对经历了1994年6.8级地震的40名孕妇或新妈妈进行了调查。结果发现，处于怀孕头三个月的妇女比怀孕中晚期或已经生产的妇女更易受到精神压力的损害。孕早期的精神刺激还可能导致日后早产。调查者发现，当地震发生时，怀孕妇女处于的孕期越早，她的婴儿日后出生得越早。平均来说，地震发生时孕期处于头三个月的孕妇生产期往往在大约孕期第38周后；相比之下，当时处于孕期最后三个月的孕妇生产期往往于孕期第39周；当地震发生时婴儿已出生的产妇，其孕期平均达到39.5周。正常怀孕期约为40周。
格林认为，精神压力对怀孕所造成的影响对于怀孕的不同阶段是不一样的。精神压力对早期妊娠的影响似乎更具伤害性，包括对怀孕期母亲的心理或情绪以及怀孕的结局两方面的影响。这种随着孕期的成熟而身体对压力的反应的减少可能是身体保护母亲及其肚子里胎儿的健康的一种方式。
, 百拇医药
现在还不清楚为什么随着妊娠时间的增加精神压力影响越来越小的原因。一种可能是在孕期增加的某些激素可减弱孕妇对压力的反应。这类激素之一的促肾上腺皮质激素，对控制孕期长短角色的“胎盘钟”产生影响。
虽然，大多数妇女并不生活在地震区域，但日常生活中的精神压力也可引起孕妇的不良反应。日常压力在孕期的不同阶段中的反应似乎也是不同的。研究显示，18种不同的生活事件在孕晚期只引起一般的心理反应。
加利福尼亚的研究者指出，假如将来的研究确认了这个研究发现，就应集中在孕早期采取的措施以减少孕妇的精神压力，因为这个时期似乎是一个“特别易伤期”。
来源：美国妇产科学杂志2001;184:637-642.
Women More Vulnerable to Stress Early in Pregnancy
, 百拇医药
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - A stressful experience such as living through a major earthquake appears to have more of an impact on pregnant women early in pregnancy, researchers in California report.
Women in the first trimester of pregnancy when a 6.8-magnitude earthquake struck in 1994 felt more stressed out by the quake than those who were further along or had already given birth, according to results of a study of 40 women who were pregnant or new mothers when the quake occurred.
, http://www.100md.com
Stress early in pregnancy also appeared to lead to earlier births, Dr. Laura M. Glynn of the University of California at Irvine and her colleagues report in the March issue of the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (news - web sites). The investigators found that the earlier a woman was in her pregnancy at the time of the earthquake, the earlier her child was born.
On average, women in the first trimester when the ground shook gave birth after about 38 weeks of pregnancy, compared to almost 39 weeks for women in the third trimester. In contrast, women who had already given birth at the time of the quake gave birth after an average of 39.5 weeks of pregnancy. A full-term pregnancy lasts about 40 weeks.
, 百拇医药
``The effects of stress do not appear to be uniform across pregnancy,‘‘ Glynn told Reuters Health. ``The effects of early stress seem more detrimental, both in terms of maternal psychological or emotional state and in terms of pregnancy outcome.‘‘
This diminishing response to stress may be the body‘s way of protecting the health of both the mother and the child she carries, the authors suggest.
How stress produces a smaller effect on women as they proceed through pregnancy is uncertain, but one possibility is that the increased levels of certain hormones during pregnancy may blunt a woman‘s response to stress. One such hormone, corticotropin-releasing hormone, may affect the ``placental clock,‘‘ which plays a role in controlling the length of pregnancy, Glynn‘s team notes.
, 百拇医药
Of course, most women do not live in earthquake zones, but the impact of ordinary stress also appears to vary during pregnancy, according to Glynn. Last week, at a meeting of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, she and her colleagues presented study findings showing that 18 different life events triggered less profound psychological responses late in pregnancy.
``This suggests that it is not just emotional responses to an earthquake that are altered as a function of pregnancy, but responses to stressors in general,‘‘ Glynn said.
Assuming that future research confirms these findings, interventions developed to reduce stress during pregnancy should focus on early pregnancy, which appears to be ``a particularly vulnerable time,‘‘ according to the California researcher.
SOURCE: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2001;184:637-642., http://www.100md.com
加利福尼亚大学的劳拉·M·格林博士及其同事对经历了1994年6.8级地震的40名孕妇或新妈妈进行了调查。结果发现，处于怀孕头三个月的妇女比怀孕中晚期或已经生产的妇女更易受到精神压力的损害。孕早期的精神刺激还可能导致日后早产。调查者发现，当地震发生时，怀孕妇女处于的孕期越早，她的婴儿日后出生得越早。平均来说，地震发生时孕期处于头三个月的孕妇生产期往往在大约孕期第38周后；相比之下，当时处于孕期最后三个月的孕妇生产期往往于孕期第39周；当地震发生时婴儿已出生的产妇，其孕期平均达到39.5周。正常怀孕期约为40周。
格林认为，精神压力对怀孕所造成的影响对于怀孕的不同阶段是不一样的。精神压力对早期妊娠的影响似乎更具伤害性，包括对怀孕期母亲的心理或情绪以及怀孕的结局两方面的影响。这种随着孕期的成熟而身体对压力的反应的减少可能是身体保护母亲及其肚子里胎儿的健康的一种方式。
, 百拇医药
现在还不清楚为什么随着妊娠时间的增加精神压力影响越来越小的原因。一种可能是在孕期增加的某些激素可减弱孕妇对压力的反应。这类激素之一的促肾上腺皮质激素，对控制孕期长短角色的“胎盘钟”产生影响。
虽然，大多数妇女并不生活在地震区域，但日常生活中的精神压力也可引起孕妇的不良反应。日常压力在孕期的不同阶段中的反应似乎也是不同的。研究显示，18种不同的生活事件在孕晚期只引起一般的心理反应。
加利福尼亚的研究者指出，假如将来的研究确认了这个研究发现，就应集中在孕早期采取的措施以减少孕妇的精神压力，因为这个时期似乎是一个“特别易伤期”。
来源：美国妇产科学杂志2001;184:637-642.
Women More Vulnerable to Stress Early in Pregnancy
, 百拇医药
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - A stressful experience such as living through a major earthquake appears to have more of an impact on pregnant women early in pregnancy, researchers in California report.
Women in the first trimester of pregnancy when a 6.8-magnitude earthquake struck in 1994 felt more stressed out by the quake than those who were further along or had already given birth, according to results of a study of 40 women who were pregnant or new mothers when the quake occurred.
, http://www.100md.com
Stress early in pregnancy also appeared to lead to earlier births, Dr. Laura M. Glynn of the University of California at Irvine and her colleagues report in the March issue of the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (news - web sites). The investigators found that the earlier a woman was in her pregnancy at the time of the earthquake, the earlier her child was born.
On average, women in the first trimester when the ground shook gave birth after about 38 weeks of pregnancy, compared to almost 39 weeks for women in the third trimester. In contrast, women who had already given birth at the time of the quake gave birth after an average of 39.5 weeks of pregnancy. A full-term pregnancy lasts about 40 weeks.
, 百拇医药
``The effects of stress do not appear to be uniform across pregnancy,‘‘ Glynn told Reuters Health. ``The effects of early stress seem more detrimental, both in terms of maternal psychological or emotional state and in terms of pregnancy outcome.‘‘
This diminishing response to stress may be the body‘s way of protecting the health of both the mother and the child she carries, the authors suggest.
How stress produces a smaller effect on women as they proceed through pregnancy is uncertain, but one possibility is that the increased levels of certain hormones during pregnancy may blunt a woman‘s response to stress. One such hormone, corticotropin-releasing hormone, may affect the ``placental clock,‘‘ which plays a role in controlling the length of pregnancy, Glynn‘s team notes.
, 百拇医药
Of course, most women do not live in earthquake zones, but the impact of ordinary stress also appears to vary during pregnancy, according to Glynn. Last week, at a meeting of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, she and her colleagues presented study findings showing that 18 different life events triggered less profound psychological responses late in pregnancy.
``This suggests that it is not just emotional responses to an earthquake that are altered as a function of pregnancy, but responses to stressors in general,‘‘ Glynn said.
Assuming that future research confirms these findings, interventions developed to reduce stress during pregnancy should focus on early pregnancy, which appears to be ``a particularly vulnerable time,‘‘ according to the California researcher.
SOURCE: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2001;184:637-642., http://www.100md.com
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