八、常用药物的药代动力学参数参考表
| 药物名称 |
消除速率常数k或β(hr-1) |
半衰期tl/2或tl/2β |
口服吸收(%) |
表现分布容积vb(mg/L) |
有效血浓度范围(mg/L) |
峰时tm(hr) |
蛋白结合率BP(%) |
消除率Cls[L/(hr.kg)] |
解离指数pKa |
乙基西梭霉素Nctilmicin |
0.312 |
2.23 |
0.25-0.3 |
4-8 |
0.5-1.0(IM) |
0.78 |
|||
乙氧萘青霉素Nafillin |
1.39 |
0.5 |
0 |
0.28 |
0.5-1.0(IM) |
90 |
0.39 |
2.6(-COO-) | |
乙胺丁醇Ethambutol |
0.198 |
3.5 |
30 |
1.87 |
1-10 |
2-4(PO |
40 |
0.37 |
|
乙琥胺Ethosuximide |
成人50-60儿童30-50 |
100 |
成人0.62儿童0.69 |
40-100 |
2-4(PO |
<2 |
成人0.01-0.013儿童0.016 |
1.3 | |
乙酰唑胺Acetazolamide |
0.169 |
4.1 2.4-5.8 |
>90 |
0.2 |
10-10.5 10-15 |
0.034 |
7.2 9.0 | ||
乙酰普鲁卡因胺Acetylprocainamide |
0.082 |
8.5 |
85 |
1.5 |
2-20 |
10 |
0.12 |
||
二甲胺四环素Minocycline |
12 |
90 |
0.43 |
0.5-3.0 |
1-3(PO |
75 |
0.025 |
||
二性霉素B AmphotericinB |
0.029 |
18-24 |
<3 |
0.5-1.0 |
>90 |
0.025 |
|||
二氮嗪Diazoxid |
21-36 |
100 |
0.2 |
90-95 |
0.005 |
||||
丁胺卡那霉素Amikacin |
0.283-0.311 |
2-3 |
90-100 |
0.25 |
10-25 |
1.0(IM) |
0-20 |
0.069 |
|
三氯乙醇Trichlorethanol |
4-8 |
0.6 |
0.5(PO |
40 |
0.07 |
||||
碘甲腺氯酸钠T3 |
33 |
90-100 |
70-160 |
1-2 |
99.5 |
0.014 |
|||
万古霉素Vancomycin |
0.12 |
6-8 |
0.47 |
0.2(IV) |
10 |
0.047 |
|||
土霉素Cxytetracycline |
0.069 |
6-9 |
60-80 |
1.9 |
1.0-10.0 |
1-3(PO) |
20-30 |
0.18 |
|
双异丙吡胺Dicopyramide |
0.154 |
4.5-7 |
70-100 |
0.8-1.9 |
总药浓度2-5游离药浓度0.5-2 |
0.5-3 |
10-80(与血药浓度有关) |
0.0015-0.004 |
8.34 |
双氯青霉素Dicloxacillin |
0.99 |
0.5-0.9 |
0.29 |
15-18 |
1.0(IM) |
96 |
0.29 |
||
水合氯醛Choral Hydrate |
4-8 |
0.6 |
10 |
0.5(PO) |
40 |
0.07 |
|||
心得静Pondolol |
3-4 |
100 |
2.0 |
0.05-0.15 |
1-3 |
0.4 |
|||
普萘洛尔(心得安)Porpranlolo |
3 |
>90 |
2.0-4.6 |
0.01-0.2 |
1-1.5(PO) |
90-95 |
0.7 |
9.5 | |
心得怡Sotalol |
5-13 |
80-90 |
0.7 |
0.5-4 |
2-3 |
0.054 |
9.8 | ||
心得舒Alprenolol |
3 |
>90 |
3.3 |
0.03-0.1 |
0.5-1.0(PO) |
85 |
0.76 |
9.7 | |
对乙酰氨基酚Paracetamol |
2-4 |
85-100 |
0.8-1.0 |
1-10 |
0.5-1.0(PO) |
25 |
0.21 |
||
扑米酮Primidone |
成人6-8儿童5-8 |
80-90 |
0.6 |
6-15 |
2-4(PO |
20-30 |
单独用药0.0309合并用药0.0739 |
||
去甲丙咪嗪Desipramine |
10-26 |
28-60 |
0.15-0.3 |
2-8(PO |
90 |
1.69 |
10.2 | ||
去甲金霉素Demethylchlortetracycline |
0.07-0.043 |
10-16 |
60-80 |
1-2 |
0.5-3 |
1-4(PO |
50 |
0.08 |
|
去甲替林Nortrpytline |
27 |
60 |
20 |
0.05-0.16 |
4-9(PO) |
92-96 |
0.5 |
||
丙咪嗪Imipramine |
8-16 |
80-100 |
20-40 |
0.15-0.5 |
0.5-1.0(PO) |
95 |
1.73 |
9.5 | |
丙基硫氧嘧啶Propylthiouracil |
2-4 |
80 |
0.2-0.4 |
1.0(PO) |
75 |
0.07 |
8.3 | ||
丙磺舒Probenecid |
6-18 |
100 |
0.12-0.18 |
100-200 |
1-5(PO) |
85-95 |
0.01 |
3.4 | |
布洛芬Brufen |
2 |
0.15 |
0.5-1.5(PO) |
99 |
0.052 |
||||
左旋多巴Leayodopa |
3 |
20-30(吸收) |
0.5-4 |
8.2 | |||||
白霉素Leucomycin |
0.139 |
4.5-5.5 |
2(PO) |
72 |
|||||
苷珀酸Carbenoxolne |
13-16 |
0.1 |
1-2(空腹PO)饭后(PO) |
0.005 |
|||||
甲硝唑Metronidazole |
6-14 |
90-100 |
0.6-0.7 |
5-20 |
1-2(PO) |
5-20 |
0.045 |
||
可待因Codeine |
0.231 |
2-4 |
50 |
3.45 |
0.025 |
1.0(PO) |
0.8 |
8.2 | |
戊巴比妥Pentobarbital |
21-42 |
70-80 |
0.7 |
1-4 |
初次用药6-18长期用药37 |
60-70 |
0.015 |
8.1 | |
卡马西平Carbamazepine |
成人10-30儿童8-19 |
90-100 |
0.8-1.4 |
4-12 |
1.0-2.0(IM) |
65-85 |
成人初次用药0.011-0.026儿童初次用药0.028 |
||
卡那霉素Kanamycin |
0.289-0.33 |
2-2.5 |
90-95 |
0.25 |
2-8 |
0.5-1.0(IM)1.0(PO) |
0 |
0.077 |
7.2 |
头孢氨苄(先锋霉素Ⅳ)Cephalexin |
0.655 |
0.83-1.2 |
90-95 |
0.26 |
G(+) 0.5-3G(-)1.0-12 |
15min(IV)0.5-1.0(IM) |
10-15 |
0.18 |
5.3(-COOH-)7.3(-NH2) |
头孢匹林(先锋霉素Ⅶ)Cephapirin. |
1.155 |
0.6 |
90-95 |
0.23 |
G(+) 0.5-3G(-)1.0-12 |
40-50 |
0.27 |
||
头孢娄利定(先锋II)Cephaloridine |
0.62 |
1-1.5 |
90-95 |
0.25 |
同上 |
同上 |
20 10-30 |
0.14 |
|
头孢噻吩(先锋霉素I)Cephal, http://www.100md.com |