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机械通气撤离中拔管 vs 气管切开 .doc
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    机械通气撤离中拔管 vs 气管切开中国重症医学网 作者:Antonios Liolios, MD 最后更新:2004年07月31日 Extubation vs Tracheostomy for Withdrawal of Mechanical Ventilation: Which Is the Better Approach?

    在机械通气的撤离中拔管 vs 气管切开:那种方法更好?

    European Society of Intensive Care Medicine 16th Annual Congress

    Antonios Liolios, MD

    Introduction

    Terminally ill patients pose particularly difficult management problems, especially if the

    patients are neurologically impaired. Often, these cases end up being considered futile after a

    prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Withdrawal of care is frequently a traumatic event,as these patients could be young and suffering from a brain tumor or the result of traumatic

    brain injury. The optimal method of withdrawing support is still controversial; there are

    proponents and opponents of tracheostomy and extubation in these patients. Use of

    extubation rather than tracheostomy for withdrawal of mechanical ventilation in these patients

    was the topic of debate at one session of the 16th Annual Congress of the European Society

    of Intensive Care Medicine.

    终末期的患者的治疗有很多棘手的问题,尤其是有神经系统损害的患者。通常,这些病人在ICU

    中治疗了很长时间而没有效果,最终死亡。监护的撤离通常是会造成损伤的,因为这些患者可

    能比较年轻,是因为脑肿瘤或是外伤性脑损伤住院的。支持措施撤离的最佳方法仍有争议;对

    这些患者拔除气管插管和气管切开都有不同的意见。在16届欧洲监护医学年会上辩论的主题是

    在机械通气的撤离上,拔管好过气管切开。

    The Pro Position

    Representing the pro position on this debate was Fran?ois Lemaire, MD,[1] of Service de

    Réanimation Médicale, H?pital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France (Figure 1). Recommendations

    for the optimum care for hopelessly ill patients have been presented in the report of the

    Clinical Care Committee of the Massachusetts General Hospital since 1976.[2] In this report,emphasis was placed on daily evaluation, limitation of unnecessary therapeutic interventions,and maximum comfort. Withholding (WH) or withdrawing (WD) support for terminally ill

    patients is particularly common in European ICUs, and percentages ranging from 50% to 81%

    have been reported in different European countries.[3] There are peculiarities specific to each

    country, and WD is a procedure that cannot fit into general algorithms.

    正面的观点是由Fran?ois Lemaire 医学博士,工作于Réanimation Médicale, H?pital Henri

    Mondor, Créteil, France (图1)提出的。对于没有希望的患者的最佳监护的建议从1976年开始在马萨诸塞州普通医院的临床监护委员会的报告中提出。在这个报道中,强调了每日评估,限

    制不必要的治疗干预,和最大的舒适性。对终末期病人停止(WH)或是撤离(WD)支持措施

    在欧洲ICU中常见,在不同的欧洲国家中其百分比在50%~81%。对每个国家来说这都是比较

    特殊的,WD不是一个适合一般规律的手段。

    Figure 1. Fran?ois Lemaire, MD.

    在几个欧洲国家中进行了几个研究来检验WD的情况;法国的LATAREA组的研究是最有名的

    一个。这是个关于法国ICU中停止/撤离生命支持的前瞻调查研究。这个研究很重要,这是因为

    在法国法律中是禁止停止或是撤离延续生命治疗措施的。半数的法国ICU(220个ICU中的113

    个参与了研究)参与了这个前瞻的为期2月的调查研究。研究的主要目的是调查进行WH和

    WD的次数和过程。总共收录了7309个患者,其中807个停止或是撤离了生命支持(11.0%, WH

    in 336 [4.6%] and WD in 471 [6.4%], proceeded in 358 by WH)。差不多一半的ICU中死亡的

    患者(628 out of 1175, 53%) 在之前做出了限制生命支持治疗的决定。治疗无益和没有生活质

    量是作这个决定的主要的考虑因素。

    作决定的依据主要和SAPS(简单急性生理评分)有关。通常是由ICU的内科医护人员做出这

    样的决定,有护理人员参与的为54% ......

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