02-神经科学与行为.ppt
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Myers' PSYCHOLOGY
Chapter 2
Neuroscience
and Behavior
Neural Communication
* Biological Psychology
* branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior
* some biological psychologists call themselves behavioral neuroscientists, neuropsychologists, behavior geneticists, physiological psychologists, or biopsychologists
* Neuron
* a nerve cell
* the basic building block of the nervous system
Neural Communication
* Dendrite
* the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body
* Axon
* the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages are sent to other neurons or to muscles or glands
* Myelin [MY-uh-lin] Sheath
* a layer of fatty cells segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons
* enables vastly greater transmission speed of neutral impulses
Neural Communication
Neural Communication
* Action Potential
* a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
* generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon's membrane
* Threshold
* the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
Neural Communication
Neural Communication
* Synapse [SIN-aps]
* junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron
* tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap or cleft
* Neurotransmitters
* chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons
* when released by the sending neuron, neuro-transmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether it will generate a neural impulse
Neural Communication
Neural Communication
Neural Communication
Neural Communication
* Acetylcholine [ah-seat-el-KO-leen]
* a neurotransmitter that, among its functions, triggers muscle contraction
* Endorphins [en-DOR-fins]
* "morphine within"
* natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters
* linked to pain control and to pleasure
Neural Communication
The Nervous System
* Nervous System
* the body's speedy, electrochemical communication system
* consists of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems
* Central Nervous System (CNS)
* the brain and spinal cord
* Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
* the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body
The Nervous System
The Nervous System
* Nerves
* neural "cables" containing many axons
* part of the peripheral nervous system
* connect the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs
* Sensory Neurons
* neurons that carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the central nervous system ......
Myers' PSYCHOLOGY
Chapter 2
Neuroscience
and Behavior
Neural Communication
* Biological Psychology
* branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior
* some biological psychologists call themselves behavioral neuroscientists, neuropsychologists, behavior geneticists, physiological psychologists, or biopsychologists
* Neuron
* a nerve cell
* the basic building block of the nervous system
Neural Communication
* Dendrite
* the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body
* Axon
* the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages are sent to other neurons or to muscles or glands
* Myelin [MY-uh-lin] Sheath
* a layer of fatty cells segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons
* enables vastly greater transmission speed of neutral impulses
Neural Communication
Neural Communication
* Action Potential
* a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
* generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon's membrane
* Threshold
* the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
Neural Communication
Neural Communication
* Synapse [SIN-aps]
* junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron
* tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap or cleft
* Neurotransmitters
* chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons
* when released by the sending neuron, neuro-transmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether it will generate a neural impulse
Neural Communication
Neural Communication
Neural Communication
Neural Communication
* Acetylcholine [ah-seat-el-KO-leen]
* a neurotransmitter that, among its functions, triggers muscle contraction
* Endorphins [en-DOR-fins]
* "morphine within"
* natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters
* linked to pain control and to pleasure
Neural Communication
The Nervous System
* Nervous System
* the body's speedy, electrochemical communication system
* consists of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems
* Central Nervous System (CNS)
* the brain and spinal cord
* Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
* the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body
The Nervous System
The Nervous System
* Nerves
* neural "cables" containing many axons
* part of the peripheral nervous system
* connect the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs
* Sensory Neurons
* neurons that carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the central nervous system ......
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