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脾脏脓肿的CT诊断
http://www.100md.com 《苏州大学学报(医学版)》 2000年第10期
     作者:李勇 龚建平 陆之安 钱铭辉

    单位:苏州医学院附属第二医院影像中心,苏州,215004

    关键词:脾;脓肿;CT

    苏州医学院学报001023 摘要 目的 探讨脾脏脓肿的 CT 表现及鉴别诊断。方法 8例经CT检查并脾切除或脾穿刺病理证实。单发性5例,多发性3例。结果 脾脓肿CT表现如下:CT平扫示所有病灶表现为单或多个低密度囊或囊实性病灶(20~40Hu),其中1例病灶含气体,2例有肝硬化、脾肿大,3例有胰腺炎,1例有脾周围炎及少量腹水;脾内多个低密度病灶3例。1例伴有结例囊壁较光整,1例囊壁部分不光整。结论 脾脓肿CT表现有一定特征性,对脾脓肿有较大诊断价值。

    中图法分类号 R657.6104;R814.42

    CT Diagnosis of Splenic Abscess
, 百拇医药
    Li Yong, Jiong Jianping, Lu Zhian

    (Department of Radiology,The Second Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou Medical College,Suzhou,215004)

    Abstract Object To study the features of CT,splenic abscess and differential diagnosis.Materials and methods The CT fingings were retrospectively reviewed in eight cases of splenic abscess which were confirmed with pathology after splenectomy or aspiration.There were 3 men and 5 women cases 5 cases had a single lesion and 3 cases had multiple lesions in spleen.Results The features of CT of the eight cases' splenic abscess were as follows:1.Plan CT scan showed that all the abscess appeared as low density (20~40hu) cystlike lesion with (1 case) or without (7 cases)gas at CT scan,all of them with some complications,(3 cases of pancreatitis,2 cases of hepatocirrhosis,1 case of lung tuberculosis,1 case of subacute endocardotitis and big speen,1 case of splenic trauma)2.After enhancement the center of the lesions had non-enhance-appearance but around the lesion there were thick wall,the cyst wall of 7 case was smooth,only 1 case irregular.Conclusion There are some special features in the CT findinge of splenic abscess,CT provides much diagnostic vaules of the splenic abscess and can acquire correct diagnosis by connecting with clinic data,but special attention should be paid to the different diagnosis.
, 百拇医药
    Key words abscess spleen;CT

    脾脓肿少见,多为继发疾病,B超对脾脓肿发现有很大帮助,但在鉴别诊断及早期发现有一定难度[1~4],本文探讨脾脓肿CT表现特点。

    1 临床资料

    1.1 病例 8例中,男3例,女5例,年龄21~58岁,平均52岁。既往史:肺结核1例,亚急性心内膜炎1例,肝硬化脾肿大2例,急性胰腺炎3例,外伤1例。

    1.2 临床表现 8例均有左上腹痛,左肩放射痛2例,低热3例,高热5例,消瘦乏力6例,白细胞增多8例。经手术行脾切术证实者3例,行脾穿刺证实者5例。8例患1.3ET检查常规腹部平扫,同时行造影增强扫描,层厚10mm,层距10mm,其中3例曾做脾脏薄层持描,层厚5mm,层距5mm。

, 百拇医药     1.3 结果 CT平扫5例表现为脾内单个低密度病灶,其中急性胰腺炎病史2例,胰腺肿大,胰管扩脾脏内单个圆形低密度灶。脾周模糊,肝硬化、脾肿大伴腹水2例,其中1例伴肝脓肿。亚急性心内膜炎1例,伴肝脓肿。3例为脾内多发灶,CT平扫表现为脾内多个低密度圆或类圆形低密度灶。其中慢性胰腺炎1例,结核性腹膜炎1例,脾挫伤1例,同时伴脾周脓肿。8例共12个病灶,位于中央区4个,位于周边8个,直径2cm~6cm,形态为圆或类圆形,平扫时CT值20~40Hu,呈囊性或囊实性,其中,1个病灶呈气液平面,6个病灶有分层征象。增强后病灶中央区均无强化,脓肿壁明显强化,8个病灶壁有分环征象,壁越厚,分环越明显,壁厚3~8mm,其中1例囊壁部分不光整。张,胰腺不同程度坏死,胰腺周围模糊。1例伴腹水,2 讨论

    脾脓肿发病率文献报道为0.14%~0.7%,过去10年文献报道不足300例。常有其它器官疾病,多见于成年人,儿童多见于免疫力低下者[2]。原发易感因素[7]:①化脓感染型:包括亚急性心内膜炎、胰腺炎、结核、阑尾炎、脾栓塞、败血症等,病源菌以沙门氏菌、金葡菌、结核杆菌、真菌多见,国外HIV阳性也是一个诱因[1~4]。本组此型5例,其中胰腺炎3例。②创伤型:由脾外伤形成血肿继发感染或脾外伤直接引,从外伤到脾脓肿病程最长可达两年,文献报道占13.30%。本组1例。③邻近器官感染及肿瘤累及脾脏形成脓肿,本组无此例。④病理性血红蛋白血症:此型患者有病理性血红蛋白血症,细菌传播到脾内易发生脓肿,本组中2例,肝硬化、脾肿大患者归属此类[1,2,7~9]。脾脏局部组织坏死形成囊腔,早期囊壁厚,可有分环现象,成熟脓肿反而不明显。本组8例表明,CT表现反映上述病理改变。
, 百拇医药
    脾脓肿的CT现象:脾脓肿病理上分早、中、晚3期。根据脾脏内脓肿多少分单发性和多发性两种。CT典型表现为:平扫时呈单发或多发性囊或囊实性、圆或类圆形低密度灶,有较厚的壁,壁有分层现象,内壁大多光滑,但也可不光滑,内可有气液平面或(和)分层现象。增强及延迟扫描时:脓肿中央无强化,囊壁有较均一的强化,与正常脾组织分界清楚。本组单发性5例,多发性3例,总12个病灶中,位于中央区4个,位于周边8个,形态圆或类圆形低密度灶,呈囊或囊实性,壁厚,有分层现象,少数有分隔成多房性(本组仅1例)。增强后脓肿中央无强化,壁有明显强化,壁大多光整,但也可不光整(本组仅1例),壁大多有分层征象。

    脾脓肿主要与脾囊肿、脾肿瘤、脾挫伤等鉴别诊断。脾囊肿平扫时呈圆或类圆形低密度灶,边沿光滑,无明确的壁,增强后无强化。脾血管瘤平扫时示脾内低密度灶,边界不清,增强后病灶由周边向内逐步强化,延迟扫描示病灶被造影剂充填。脾淋巴管瘤平扫时示脾肿大,其内有多个大小不一的圆和不规则型的低密度灶,增强后动脉期病灶无明显强化,门脉期及延迟扫描病灶仍为低密度灶,边界清楚。脾挫伤病多位于脾边缘,呈楔形,平扫及增强均无强化,多无占位效应。李勇硕士研究生 龚建平导师
, 百拇医药
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, 百拇医药
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    (2000年4月3日收稿), http://www.100md.com