急性胰腺炎病人的营养支持(4)
第二阶段:肠外营养 + 肠内营养 在血尿淀粉酶基本降至正常水平、肠麻痹解除后开始。此期特点为肠外营养逐渐减量,EN量逐日增加。由于肠内营养更符合生理和有利维护肠粘膜屏障功能、减少肠源性感染,故只要病情或治疗许可,应根据个体差异尽早实施。
第三阶段:全胃肠内营养 随着胃肠道对EN承受能力的提高,EN逐渐替代PN,直至全肠内营养。在此过程中,若病人不能耐受而出现腹胀、腹泻等,通过处理和调节各种与之相关的因素或加用止泻剂后仍难以控制者,应返回PN,重新开始前述的过渡过程。
【参考文献】
1.Campkell LT. Immunologically enhanced enteral feeds in critical illness. Nutrition 1999; 15(2): 158.
2.Stephen AM, Lisa MG, Harvy LS, et al. Comparison of the safety of early enteral vs parenteral nutrition in mild acute pancreatitis. JPEN 1997; 21(1): 14-20.
3.曹伟新、刘牧林、尹浩然等。脂肪乳剂对重症胰腺炎患者凝血纤溶系统的影响。《外科理论与实践》1999;4(3):152-155。
4.Schneider H, Boyle N, Mc Cluckie A, et al. Acute severe pancreatitis and multiple organ failure: total parenteral nutrition is still required in a proportion of patients. Br. J. Sury. 2000; 87(3): 362-373.
5.Macfie J. Enteral versus parenteral nutrition: the significance of bacterial translocation and gut-barrier function. Nutrition. 2000; 16: 606-611., 百拇医药
第三阶段:全胃肠内营养 随着胃肠道对EN承受能力的提高,EN逐渐替代PN,直至全肠内营养。在此过程中,若病人不能耐受而出现腹胀、腹泻等,通过处理和调节各种与之相关的因素或加用止泻剂后仍难以控制者,应返回PN,重新开始前述的过渡过程。
【参考文献】
1.Campkell LT. Immunologically enhanced enteral feeds in critical illness. Nutrition 1999; 15(2): 158.
2.Stephen AM, Lisa MG, Harvy LS, et al. Comparison of the safety of early enteral vs parenteral nutrition in mild acute pancreatitis. JPEN 1997; 21(1): 14-20.
3.曹伟新、刘牧林、尹浩然等。脂肪乳剂对重症胰腺炎患者凝血纤溶系统的影响。《外科理论与实践》1999;4(3):152-155。
4.Schneider H, Boyle N, Mc Cluckie A, et al. Acute severe pancreatitis and multiple organ failure: total parenteral nutrition is still required in a proportion of patients. Br. J. Sury. 2000; 87(3): 362-373.
5.Macfie J. Enteral versus parenteral nutrition: the significance of bacterial translocation and gut-barrier function. Nutrition. 2000; 16: 606-611., 百拇医药