冠脉搭桥术的心肌保护和体外循环(6)
2、IAPB
IABP在主动脉内气囊在收缩前萎陷,在舒张期又膨胀,因此它既能降低心脏后负荷,又能改 善冠状动脉供血。对心功能极差的患者可在CPB前安装主动脉球囊反搏泵。心脏手术后立即进行反搏辅助。有关这类患者我们经验是尽早治疗,不要延误时机。术后左心衰试用一定量的血管活性药效果不显著,可尽快应用IABP。
3、离心泵
和滚压泵相比,离心泵对血液损伤小,可适合长时间心室辅助(三天〕。离心泵压力缓冲大,泵的转速越高,产生压力越大,泵输出量就越高。离心泵安全性高,离心泵周边是高压区,中心是负压区,如果有少量微气栓,由于比重轻而集中于中心部位难以泵出,当意外进入大量气体时,因气体质量轻难以形成强大的离心力从而避免大量气体泵入体内。心室辅助中高流量转流时可不用或少用肝素,结构简便,操作方便,且价格低廉〔10〕。
4、轴流泵
, 百拇医药
轴流泵或称Hemopump,系根据阿基米得螺旋原理驱动血液,安置Hemopump不需再次开胸,经股动脉逆行通过主动脉瓣口将泵管放置左室内,泵体小,易于操作,价格较低,辅助效果确实〔11〕。但其缺点为:流量受导管口径限制-最高3.5L/min;长久运转,超过6天,驱动钢丝有可能断裂;长时间导管压迫升主动脉瓣可能引起次发损伤;泵体在左室内可能引起室性心律不齐。
5、人工心脏
Abiomed 采用竖立双重管形血囊和聚氨脂瓣膜。其流量大,可分别用于左、右或双心室辅助。驱动装置过于笨大,限制病人活动且无限延长病人住院日数,不适于长时间使用。Heartmate (TCI)和Novacor 都仅适用左泵辅助。Novacor 血囊为聚氨脂,采用猪心包生物瓣由电磁铁间断吸动两个对立的推板排血。由于其耗费高,加之我国心脏移植开展不多,限制了人工心脏的发展。
参考文献
, 百拇医药
1.Vinten-Johansen J, Thourani VH. Myocardial protection: an overview. J Extra Corpor Technol. 2000 ;32:38
2.Pehkonen E Reinkainen P. Rhythm disturbances after blood and crystlloid cardioplegia in coronary artery bypass grafting Scand J Thor Cardivasc Surg 1995;110:1171
3.Cernaianu A, Flum D, Maurer M, et al. Comparison of antegrade with antegrade /retrograde cold blood cardioplegia for revascularization Tex Heart Inst J1996;23:9
, http://www.100md.com
4.Takaba T, Inoue K. Past and present in myocardial protection. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000 ;6:3
5.Hiramatsu T, Zund G.Age defference in effects of hypothermic ischemia on endothelial and ventricular function. Ann Thorac Surg 1995;60:s505
6.Bridi I, Regragui I, Izzat M, et al. Influence of normorthermic systemic perfusion during coronary bypass operations: A randomized prospective study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997;114:475-481
, 百拇医药
7.Toomasian JM, Peters WS, Siegel LC. Extracorporeal circulation for port access cardiac surgery. Perfusion 1997;12:83
8. Patel KN, Weiss HR, Scholz PM. Reduction in the level of cardiac cyclic GMP worsens contractile delay in myocardial stunning. J Surg Res. 2000 ;92:114-9.
9.St Louis JD, Hughes GC, Kypson AP, et al. An experimental model of chronic myocardial hibernation. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000 ;69:1351
10.Takarabe K. Clinic evaluation of the centrifugal pump in open heart surgery : A comparative study of different pumps. Artif Org 1997;21:760
11.Meyns B. Organ perfusion with Hemopump devic assistance with and without intraaortic balloon pumping. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997;114:243, 百拇医药(龙村)
IABP在主动脉内气囊在收缩前萎陷,在舒张期又膨胀,因此它既能降低心脏后负荷,又能改 善冠状动脉供血。对心功能极差的患者可在CPB前安装主动脉球囊反搏泵。心脏手术后立即进行反搏辅助。有关这类患者我们经验是尽早治疗,不要延误时机。术后左心衰试用一定量的血管活性药效果不显著,可尽快应用IABP。
3、离心泵
和滚压泵相比,离心泵对血液损伤小,可适合长时间心室辅助(三天〕。离心泵压力缓冲大,泵的转速越高,产生压力越大,泵输出量就越高。离心泵安全性高,离心泵周边是高压区,中心是负压区,如果有少量微气栓,由于比重轻而集中于中心部位难以泵出,当意外进入大量气体时,因气体质量轻难以形成强大的离心力从而避免大量气体泵入体内。心室辅助中高流量转流时可不用或少用肝素,结构简便,操作方便,且价格低廉〔10〕。
4、轴流泵
, 百拇医药
轴流泵或称Hemopump,系根据阿基米得螺旋原理驱动血液,安置Hemopump不需再次开胸,经股动脉逆行通过主动脉瓣口将泵管放置左室内,泵体小,易于操作,价格较低,辅助效果确实〔11〕。但其缺点为:流量受导管口径限制-最高3.5L/min;长久运转,超过6天,驱动钢丝有可能断裂;长时间导管压迫升主动脉瓣可能引起次发损伤;泵体在左室内可能引起室性心律不齐。
5、人工心脏
Abiomed 采用竖立双重管形血囊和聚氨脂瓣膜。其流量大,可分别用于左、右或双心室辅助。驱动装置过于笨大,限制病人活动且无限延长病人住院日数,不适于长时间使用。Heartmate (TCI)和Novacor 都仅适用左泵辅助。Novacor 血囊为聚氨脂,采用猪心包生物瓣由电磁铁间断吸动两个对立的推板排血。由于其耗费高,加之我国心脏移植开展不多,限制了人工心脏的发展。
参考文献
, 百拇医药
1.Vinten-Johansen J, Thourani VH. Myocardial protection: an overview. J Extra Corpor Technol. 2000 ;32:38
2.Pehkonen E Reinkainen P. Rhythm disturbances after blood and crystlloid cardioplegia in coronary artery bypass grafting Scand J Thor Cardivasc Surg 1995;110:1171
3.Cernaianu A, Flum D, Maurer M, et al. Comparison of antegrade with antegrade /retrograde cold blood cardioplegia for revascularization Tex Heart Inst J1996;23:9
, http://www.100md.com
4.Takaba T, Inoue K. Past and present in myocardial protection. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000 ;6:3
5.Hiramatsu T, Zund G.Age defference in effects of hypothermic ischemia on endothelial and ventricular function. Ann Thorac Surg 1995;60:s505
6.Bridi I, Regragui I, Izzat M, et al. Influence of normorthermic systemic perfusion during coronary bypass operations: A randomized prospective study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997;114:475-481
, 百拇医药
7.Toomasian JM, Peters WS, Siegel LC. Extracorporeal circulation for port access cardiac surgery. Perfusion 1997;12:83
8. Patel KN, Weiss HR, Scholz PM. Reduction in the level of cardiac cyclic GMP worsens contractile delay in myocardial stunning. J Surg Res. 2000 ;92:114-9.
9.St Louis JD, Hughes GC, Kypson AP, et al. An experimental model of chronic myocardial hibernation. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000 ;69:1351
10.Takarabe K. Clinic evaluation of the centrifugal pump in open heart surgery : A comparative study of different pumps. Artif Org 1997;21:760
11.Meyns B. Organ perfusion with Hemopump devic assistance with and without intraaortic balloon pumping. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997;114:243, 百拇医药(龙村)