慢性阻塞性肺病的营养治疗(4)
口服:COPD患者常有进食活动受限,食欲减低,消化吸收功能减低等临床表现。因而供给膳食是应注意其色香味,以刺激其进食欲望。另外还应供给易于消化吸收的饮食。肠内营养:由于患者常存在进食量不足的现象,因而应辅以配比合理,易于消化吸收,热能密度高的营养制剂。对不能进食但胃肠功能尚存的患者,可予以管饲。管饲时应根据患者耐受情况,由少至多,由低浓度逐渐加量,并逐渐增加滴速可减少胃肠道功能紊乱,腹胀,腹泻等不良反应。肠外营养;对有严重胃肠功能紊乱的危重病人或肠内营养不足以补充机体所需时,应考虑给予胃肠外营养。肠外营养时可根据患者具体情况而定,或选用中心静脉营养或选用周围静脉营养。因肠外营养具有技术要求高,费用大,易出现败血症,胃肠粘膜萎缩,消化功能的减退和肠道菌群移行等缺点,因此当患者病情稳定,胃肠功能恢复时,因及早从胃肠外营养逐渐过渡到胃肠内营养,并渐停用肠外营养。
也曾有许多人(23)(24)试图在供给患者营养支持的同时予以一些促进合成代谢的激素如:生长激素,睾丸酯酮等,结果显示可增强患者的体重指数(BMI),瘦体组织,上臂围,皮褶厚度等,但对活动耐受性,握力等方面无显著改善。
, 百拇医药
已有许多严格设计的随机对照研究表明提供营养不良的COPD患者营养支持可增加患者的体重,并伴随着呼吸和膈肌功能的改善(25)。综上所述可见对COPD患者及时进行营养评估,及早进行营养支持治疗,予以适当热能,适量蛋白质,高脂肪,低碳水化合物的饮食,不仅可以改善COPD患者营养状态,而且有利于COPD患者肺功能的恢复,降低患者的住院率和死亡率,提高患者的生活质量。
参考文献
1.Roger C,Bone M.d., editor. Pulmonary and critical care medicine. US:Mosby-Year Book. Inc, 1992,part G-3-1
2.Celli BR.,Snider GL.,John Heffner,et al .Standards for the diagnosis and care of patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med ,1995,152(suppl)77-120
, 百拇医药
3.Maurice E.Shils ,James A.Oslson ,Moshe Shike, editor. Modern nutrition in health and disease .US: A waverly company, 1994, 1384-1389
4.郑劲平,钟南山。慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的能量代谢。中华医学杂志,1991,71:100
5.Tomoko K,Sumie S,Daisaku K,et al .Muscle energy metabolism and nutritional status in patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .Am J Respir Crit Care Med,1955,152:647-652
6.孙迎香,赵秀梅,马广义,等。口服营养在慢性阻塞性肺疾病缓解期的应用研究。中国康复医学杂志,1996,11(2):52-55
, http://www.100md.com
7.林江涛。缓解期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的营养状态与营养治疗。中华结核和呼吸杂志1996,19(5):261-264
8 .Muers MF,Green JH .Weight loss in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .Eur Respir J ,1993,6:729
9 .Di Francia ,M.D.Barbier ,J.L.Mege ,et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and weight loss in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .Am J Respir Crit Med,1994,150:1453-1455
10 .De Godoy, I.M.Donahoe ,W.J.Calhoun ,et al .Elevated TNF-alpha production by peripheral blood monocytes of weight-losing COPD patients .Am J Respir Crit Care Med,1996 ,153:633-637
, http://www.100md.com
11.Goldstein,s.,J.Askanazi,C.Weissman,et al Energy expenditure in patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .Chest,1987,91:222-224
12.Dore MF,Laaban JP,Elizabeth OF,et al. Role of the thermic effect of food in malnutrition of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .Am J Respir Crit Care Med ,1997 ,155:1535-1540
13.李善群。慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的营养状态及其评价方法。国外医学呼吸分册,1995,15(2)87-90, 百拇医药(陈伟)
也曾有许多人(23)(24)试图在供给患者营养支持的同时予以一些促进合成代谢的激素如:生长激素,睾丸酯酮等,结果显示可增强患者的体重指数(BMI),瘦体组织,上臂围,皮褶厚度等,但对活动耐受性,握力等方面无显著改善。
, 百拇医药
已有许多严格设计的随机对照研究表明提供营养不良的COPD患者营养支持可增加患者的体重,并伴随着呼吸和膈肌功能的改善(25)。综上所述可见对COPD患者及时进行营养评估,及早进行营养支持治疗,予以适当热能,适量蛋白质,高脂肪,低碳水化合物的饮食,不仅可以改善COPD患者营养状态,而且有利于COPD患者肺功能的恢复,降低患者的住院率和死亡率,提高患者的生活质量。
参考文献
1.Roger C,Bone M.d., editor. Pulmonary and critical care medicine. US:Mosby-Year Book. Inc, 1992,part G-3-1
2.Celli BR.,Snider GL.,John Heffner,et al .Standards for the diagnosis and care of patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med ,1995,152(suppl)77-120
, 百拇医药
3.Maurice E.Shils ,James A.Oslson ,Moshe Shike, editor. Modern nutrition in health and disease .US: A waverly company, 1994, 1384-1389
4.郑劲平,钟南山。慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的能量代谢。中华医学杂志,1991,71:100
5.Tomoko K,Sumie S,Daisaku K,et al .Muscle energy metabolism and nutritional status in patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .Am J Respir Crit Care Med,1955,152:647-652
6.孙迎香,赵秀梅,马广义,等。口服营养在慢性阻塞性肺疾病缓解期的应用研究。中国康复医学杂志,1996,11(2):52-55
, http://www.100md.com
7.林江涛。缓解期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的营养状态与营养治疗。中华结核和呼吸杂志1996,19(5):261-264
8 .Muers MF,Green JH .Weight loss in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .Eur Respir J ,1993,6:729
9 .Di Francia ,M.D.Barbier ,J.L.Mege ,et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and weight loss in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .Am J Respir Crit Med,1994,150:1453-1455
10 .De Godoy, I.M.Donahoe ,W.J.Calhoun ,et al .Elevated TNF-alpha production by peripheral blood monocytes of weight-losing COPD patients .Am J Respir Crit Care Med,1996 ,153:633-637
, http://www.100md.com
11.Goldstein,s.,J.Askanazi,C.Weissman,et al Energy expenditure in patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .Chest,1987,91:222-224
12.Dore MF,Laaban JP,Elizabeth OF,et al. Role of the thermic effect of food in malnutrition of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .Am J Respir Crit Care Med ,1997 ,155:1535-1540
13.李善群。慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的营养状态及其评价方法。国外医学呼吸分册,1995,15(2)87-90, 百拇医药(陈伟)