上气道阻力综合征(3)
研究者并不主张将经鼻CPAP作为一种长期治疗方法。对于经头颅X线证实有轻度上气道解剖不正常的患者，可考虑诸如手术之类的其它治疗方法。Guilleminault等(1)对2例经鼻CPAP治疗后的患者又施行了手术。目前尚缺乏关于其长期治疗效果及副作用的报道。
参考文献
1.Guilleminault C，Stoohs R，Clerk A，et al. A cause of excessive daytime sleepiness：The upper airway resistance syndrome. Chest 1993; 104(3)：781-7.
2.Guilleminault C，Stoohs R，Clerk A，et al. From obstructive sleep apnea syndrome to upper airway resistance syndrome：consistency of daytime sleepiness. Sleep 1992;15(6)：S13-S16.
, 百拇医药
3.Stoohs R，Guilleminault C. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome or abnormal upper airway resistance during sleep? Jounal of Clinical Neurophysiology 1990;7(1)：83-92.
4.Miljeteig H, Savard P, Mateika S, et al.Snoring and nasal resistance during sleep. Laryngoscope 1993;103：918-923.
5.vinnerim M, Cole P, Haight, et al. Sleep and posture. laryngoscope 1994;104：846-849.
6.Stoohs R. Guilleminault C. Snoring during NREM sleep:respiratory timing, esophageal pressure and EEG arousal. Respir. Physiol. 1991; 85:151-167.
, http://www.100md.com
7.Guilleminault C. Stoohs R, Ducan S. Snoring(1):daytime sleepiness in regular heavy snorers. Chest 1991;99:40-48.
8.Dessi P, Sambuc R, Moulin G, et al. Effect of heavy smoking on nasal resistance. Acta Otolaryngol (stockh) 1994;114:305-310.
9.Zerah F, Harf A, Perlemuter L, et al. Effects of obesity on respiratory resistance . Chest 1993;103:1470-1476.
10.Kay A, Trinder J, Bowes G, et al. Changes in airway resistance during sleep onset. J. APPL. Physiol. 1994:76(4):1600-1607.
, http://www.100md.com
11.Liistro G, Stanescu DC, Veriter CL, et al. Characteristics of snoring in obstructive sleep apnea patients and healthy snorers during sleep. Eur. Respir. J. 1989; 2:3305.
12.Skatrud JB, Dempsey JA. Airway resistance and respiratory muscle function in snorers during NREM sleep. J.APPL.Physiol. 1985;59:328-335.
13.Clerk AA, Dunean SR, Guilleminault C, et al. Load detection in subjects with sleep-induced upper airway obstruction. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1994;149:727-730.
, 百拇医药
14.Gugger M, Bogershausen S, Schaffler L. Arousal responses to added inspiratory resistance during REM and non-REM sleep in normal subjects. Thorax 1993;48:125-129.
15.Gugger M, Mollloy J, Gould GA, et al. Ventilatory and arousal responses to added inspiratory resistance during sleep. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1989;140:1301-1307.
16.Henke RG, Dempsey JA, Kowitz JM, et al. Effect of sleep-induced increases in upper airway resistance on ventilation. J.APPL.Physiol. 1990;69(2):617-624.
, http://www.100md.com
17.Henke RG, Dempsey JA, Kowitz JM, et al. Effects of sleep-induced increases in upper airway resistance on respiratory muscle activity. J.APPL.Physiol. 1991;70(1):158-168.
18.Association of Sleep Disorders Centers Task Force On Daytime Sleepiness (Carskadon MA. Chairman ) Guidelines for the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT): A standard measure of sleepiness sleep. 1989;9: 519-524.
19.黄席珍 睡眠及其呼吸紊乱临床发展近况. 国外医学情报 1987;8:132-133.
, 百拇医药
20.Chowienczyk PJ, Lawson CP, Lane S, et al. A flow interruption device for measurement of airway resistance. Eur.Respir.J. 1991;4:623-628.
21.Gizdulich P. Approach to the estimation of alveolar pressure from noninvasive measurement of upper airway resistance. Med.Biol.Eng. Comput. 1992;30:351-356.
22.Series F, Cormier Y, Couture J, et al. Changes in upper airway resistance with lung inflation and positive airway pressure. J.APPL.Physiol. 1990;68(3):1075-1079.
, 百拇医药
23.Clark SA, Wilson CR, et al. Assessment of Inspiratory Flow Limitation Invasively and Noninvasively during Sleep. AM. J. RESPIR. CARE MED. 1998;158:713-722.
24.Ruhle KH, Schlenker E, et al, Schlenker E, et al. Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome. Respiration 1997;64(suppl 1):29-34.
25.Newman JP, Clerk AA, et al. Recognition and Surgical Management of the Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome. Laryngoscope 1996; 106: 1089-1093., 百拇医药(钟旭)
参考文献
1.Guilleminault C，Stoohs R，Clerk A，et al. A cause of excessive daytime sleepiness：The upper airway resistance syndrome. Chest 1993; 104(3)：781-7.
2.Guilleminault C，Stoohs R，Clerk A，et al. From obstructive sleep apnea syndrome to upper airway resistance syndrome：consistency of daytime sleepiness. Sleep 1992;15(6)：S13-S16.
, 百拇医药
3.Stoohs R，Guilleminault C. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome or abnormal upper airway resistance during sleep? Jounal of Clinical Neurophysiology 1990;7(1)：83-92.
4.Miljeteig H, Savard P, Mateika S, et al.Snoring and nasal resistance during sleep. Laryngoscope 1993;103：918-923.
5.vinnerim M, Cole P, Haight, et al. Sleep and posture. laryngoscope 1994;104：846-849.
6.Stoohs R. Guilleminault C. Snoring during NREM sleep:respiratory timing, esophageal pressure and EEG arousal. Respir. Physiol. 1991; 85:151-167.
, http://www.100md.com
7.Guilleminault C. Stoohs R, Ducan S. Snoring(1):daytime sleepiness in regular heavy snorers. Chest 1991;99:40-48.
8.Dessi P, Sambuc R, Moulin G, et al. Effect of heavy smoking on nasal resistance. Acta Otolaryngol (stockh) 1994;114:305-310.
9.Zerah F, Harf A, Perlemuter L, et al. Effects of obesity on respiratory resistance . Chest 1993;103:1470-1476.
10.Kay A, Trinder J, Bowes G, et al. Changes in airway resistance during sleep onset. J. APPL. Physiol. 1994:76(4):1600-1607.
, http://www.100md.com
11.Liistro G, Stanescu DC, Veriter CL, et al. Characteristics of snoring in obstructive sleep apnea patients and healthy snorers during sleep. Eur. Respir. J. 1989; 2:3305.
12.Skatrud JB, Dempsey JA. Airway resistance and respiratory muscle function in snorers during NREM sleep. J.APPL.Physiol. 1985;59:328-335.
13.Clerk AA, Dunean SR, Guilleminault C, et al. Load detection in subjects with sleep-induced upper airway obstruction. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1994;149:727-730.
, 百拇医药
14.Gugger M, Bogershausen S, Schaffler L. Arousal responses to added inspiratory resistance during REM and non-REM sleep in normal subjects. Thorax 1993;48:125-129.
15.Gugger M, Mollloy J, Gould GA, et al. Ventilatory and arousal responses to added inspiratory resistance during sleep. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1989;140:1301-1307.
16.Henke RG, Dempsey JA, Kowitz JM, et al. Effect of sleep-induced increases in upper airway resistance on ventilation. J.APPL.Physiol. 1990;69(2):617-624.
, http://www.100md.com
17.Henke RG, Dempsey JA, Kowitz JM, et al. Effects of sleep-induced increases in upper airway resistance on respiratory muscle activity. J.APPL.Physiol. 1991;70(1):158-168.
18.Association of Sleep Disorders Centers Task Force On Daytime Sleepiness (Carskadon MA. Chairman ) Guidelines for the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT): A standard measure of sleepiness sleep. 1989;9: 519-524.
19.黄席珍 睡眠及其呼吸紊乱临床发展近况. 国外医学情报 1987;8:132-133.
, 百拇医药
20.Chowienczyk PJ, Lawson CP, Lane S, et al. A flow interruption device for measurement of airway resistance. Eur.Respir.J. 1991;4:623-628.
21.Gizdulich P. Approach to the estimation of alveolar pressure from noninvasive measurement of upper airway resistance. Med.Biol.Eng. Comput. 1992;30:351-356.
22.Series F, Cormier Y, Couture J, et al. Changes in upper airway resistance with lung inflation and positive airway pressure. J.APPL.Physiol. 1990;68(3):1075-1079.
, 百拇医药
23.Clark SA, Wilson CR, et al. Assessment of Inspiratory Flow Limitation Invasively and Noninvasively during Sleep. AM. J. RESPIR. CARE MED. 1998;158:713-722.
24.Ruhle KH, Schlenker E, et al, Schlenker E, et al. Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome. Respiration 1997;64(suppl 1):29-34.
25.Newman JP, Clerk AA, et al. Recognition and Surgical Management of the Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome. Laryngoscope 1996; 106: 1089-1093., 百拇医药(钟旭)