抗组胺药对中枢神经系统的副作用(3)
过敏性疾病本身对成人及儿童的情绪、睡眠、警觉和认知功能有损害，而传统的抗组胺药又可加重这些症状，因此这些药物可干扰其行为及安全性，甚至在前一天晚上服用，亦不能避免。由于服用传统的抗组胺药的病人常对其行为的损害程度缺乏认识，因此对其所从事的危险工作没有引起足够重视，如驾驶或操纵复杂危险机器，结果很容易造成不良后果。因此建议对那些需注意力集中和高度警觉的成年人，如可能应给予第二代抗组胺药物治疗；由于传统的抗组胺药损害儿童的学习能力，因此，对学龄儿童，亦应给予第二代抗组胺药物治疗。
参考文献
1.American Academy of Allergy. Asthma & Immunology. Task force on allergic disorders: promoting best practice: raising the standard of care for patients with allergic disorders. Executive summary report. 1998.p.1-15
2.Yanai K. Ryu JH,Watanabe T,et al. Histamine H1 receptor occupancy in human brains after single oral doses of histamine H1 antagonists measured by positron emission tonography. Br J Pharmacol 1995;116: 1649-55.
3.Thomas M.Nolen. Safety and effects of first generation antihistamines on performance, study and quality of life. Clin Therapeutic 1997; 19: 39-55.
4.Gray G. Kay The effects of antihistamines on cognition and performance. J Allergy
Clin Immunol 2000; 105: S622-7.
5.Gilmore TM, Alexande BH, Mueller BA, et al. Occupational injuries and medication use. AmJ Ind Med 1996;30: 234-9.
6.O'Hanlon JF. Antihistamines and driving performance: the Netherlands. J Respir Dir1998; 9(suppl): 512-7.
7.Ranaekers JG, Uiterwijk MMC, O'Hanlon JF. Effects of loratadine and cetirizine on actual driving and psychometric test performance and EEG during driving. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1992;42:363-9.
8.Weiler JM, Bloomfield JR,v Woodworth GG, er al. Effects of fexofenadine, diphenhydramine, and alcohol on driving performance, A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in the Iowa driving simulation. Ann Intern Med. 2000; 132:405-7.
9.Vuuman EFPM, van Veggel LMA,Uiterwejk MMC,et al. Seasonal allergic rhinitis and antihistamine effects on children's learning. Ann Allergy 1993; 71:121-6.
10.Kay GG,Berman B,Mockoviak SH, et al. Initial and steady-state effects of diphenhydramine and loratadine in sedation, cognition, mood, and psychomotor performance. Arch Intem Med 1997; 157: 2350-6., http://www.100md.com(支玉香 张宏誉)
参考文献
1.American Academy of Allergy. Asthma & Immunology. Task force on allergic disorders: promoting best practice: raising the standard of care for patients with allergic disorders. Executive summary report. 1998.p.1-15
2.Yanai K. Ryu JH,Watanabe T,et al. Histamine H1 receptor occupancy in human brains after single oral doses of histamine H1 antagonists measured by positron emission tonography. Br J Pharmacol 1995;116: 1649-55.
3.Thomas M.Nolen. Safety and effects of first generation antihistamines on performance, study and quality of life. Clin Therapeutic 1997; 19: 39-55.
4.Gray G. Kay The effects of antihistamines on cognition and performance. J Allergy
Clin Immunol 2000; 105: S622-7.
5.Gilmore TM, Alexande BH, Mueller BA, et al. Occupational injuries and medication use. AmJ Ind Med 1996;30: 234-9.
6.O'Hanlon JF. Antihistamines and driving performance: the Netherlands. J Respir Dir1998; 9(suppl): 512-7.
7.Ranaekers JG, Uiterwijk MMC, O'Hanlon JF. Effects of loratadine and cetirizine on actual driving and psychometric test performance and EEG during driving. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1992;42:363-9.
8.Weiler JM, Bloomfield JR,v Woodworth GG, er al. Effects of fexofenadine, diphenhydramine, and alcohol on driving performance, A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in the Iowa driving simulation. Ann Intern Med. 2000; 132:405-7.
9.Vuuman EFPM, van Veggel LMA,Uiterwejk MMC,et al. Seasonal allergic rhinitis and antihistamine effects on children's learning. Ann Allergy 1993; 71:121-6.
10.Kay GG,Berman B,Mockoviak SH, et al. Initial and steady-state effects of diphenhydramine and loratadine in sedation, cognition, mood, and psychomotor performance. Arch Intem Med 1997; 157: 2350-6., http://www.100md.com(支玉香 张宏誉)