红斑狼疮性肾炎发病机制与主动免疫治疗的新进展(3)
综上所述，大量的研究证实特异性免疫调节紊乱是LN发病的基础之一。通过改善这种紊乱能预防和治疗LN。虽然目前认为上述这些主动免疫方法的可能机制是改善了自身免疫病人或动物的特异性免疫调节紊乱的结果，表现在B细胞的消除、抑制性T细胞的诱导、细胞因子产生的调节、抗个体基因型免疫球蛋白和T细胞受体的调节、以及竞争性地抑制肾小球免疫复合物的沉积等。但是目前对特异性多肽等的主动免疫治疗保护肾脏、延长寿命的机制尚不十分清楚。有待进一步探讨特异性多肽主动免疫对免疫反应各个环节的影响，如T细胞凋亡的改变，T细胞亚群数量的变化，细胞因子分泌的变化，B细胞活性及免疫球蛋白转型等方面的研究，其前景可望有重要意义。
参考文献
1.Morgan A, D.A.Isenberg, and A.Schattner:Shared idiotypes are expressed on mouse and human anti-DNA autoantibodies. Immunology 1985;56:393
, 百拇医药
2.Singh R.R., F.M.Ebling and B.H.Hahn: Immune tolerance to autoantibody derived peptides delays development of autoimmunity in murine lupus. J Clin Invest 1995b; 96:2990,3.Uner A.H., C.J.Knupp and J.Gavalchin: Treatment with antibody reactive with the nephritogenic idiotype, IdLNF1, suppresses its production and leads to prolonged survival of SNF1 mice. J Autoimmun 1994;7:27,4.Brink I,Thiele B and Burmester GR: Effects of anti-CD4 antibodies on the release of IL-6 and TNF- in whole blood samples from patients with SLE. Lupus 1999;(9):723-30
, 百拇医药
5.Hsu HC, Thomas T, and Sigal LH: polyamine-fas interaction:inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis in MRL-Lpr/Lpr mice is associated with the up-regulation of fas mRNA in thymocutes. Autoimmunity 1999; 29(4):299-309
6.Takeoka Y, Taguchi N and Shuitz L: Apoptosis and the thymic microenvironment in murine lupus. J.autoimmun 1999 Nov;13(3)325-34
7.Reinhard G, Noll A, Schlebusch H: Shifts in the TH1/TH2 balance during human pregnency corelate with apoptpsis changes. .Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998 Apr 28:245(3):933-8
, 百拇医药
8.王海燕：肾脏病学(第二版) 人民卫生出版社 1996：861
9.SD Jewell, IE Gienapp, KL Cox, et al: Oral tolerance as therapy for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis; demonstration of T cell anergy. Immunol Cell Biol 1985;76:74
10.HL Weiner, GA Mackin, M Matsium, et al: Double-bland pilot trial of otal toleration with myelin antigens in multiple sclerosis. Science 1993;259:1321
11.W Ofosu-Appiah, G Sfeir, D Vitiel, et al: Suppression of SLE disease in mice by oral administration of kidney extract. J Autoimmun 1999;13(4):405
12.ML Lee, F Spertini, A Leimgruber, et al: updated phase1 clinical results with an idiotypic vaccine (3E10) for SLE. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1995;38:S303, 百拇医药(姜枫)
参考文献
1.Morgan A, D.A.Isenberg, and A.Schattner:Shared idiotypes are expressed on mouse and human anti-DNA autoantibodies. Immunology 1985;56:393
, 百拇医药
2.Singh R.R., F.M.Ebling and B.H.Hahn: Immune tolerance to autoantibody derived peptides delays development of autoimmunity in murine lupus. J Clin Invest 1995b; 96:2990,3.Uner A.H., C.J.Knupp and J.Gavalchin: Treatment with antibody reactive with the nephritogenic idiotype, IdLNF1, suppresses its production and leads to prolonged survival of SNF1 mice. J Autoimmun 1994;7:27,4.Brink I,Thiele B and Burmester GR: Effects of anti-CD4 antibodies on the release of IL-6 and TNF- in whole blood samples from patients with SLE. Lupus 1999;(9):723-30
, 百拇医药
5.Hsu HC, Thomas T, and Sigal LH: polyamine-fas interaction:inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis in MRL-Lpr/Lpr mice is associated with the up-regulation of fas mRNA in thymocutes. Autoimmunity 1999; 29(4):299-309
6.Takeoka Y, Taguchi N and Shuitz L: Apoptosis and the thymic microenvironment in murine lupus. J.autoimmun 1999 Nov;13(3)325-34
7.Reinhard G, Noll A, Schlebusch H: Shifts in the TH1/TH2 balance during human pregnency corelate with apoptpsis changes. .Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998 Apr 28:245(3):933-8
, 百拇医药
8.王海燕：肾脏病学(第二版) 人民卫生出版社 1996：861
9.SD Jewell, IE Gienapp, KL Cox, et al: Oral tolerance as therapy for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis; demonstration of T cell anergy. Immunol Cell Biol 1985;76:74
10.HL Weiner, GA Mackin, M Matsium, et al: Double-bland pilot trial of otal toleration with myelin antigens in multiple sclerosis. Science 1993;259:1321
11.W Ofosu-Appiah, G Sfeir, D Vitiel, et al: Suppression of SLE disease in mice by oral administration of kidney extract. J Autoimmun 1999;13(4):405
12.ML Lee, F Spertini, A Leimgruber, et al: updated phase1 clinical results with an idiotypic vaccine (3E10) for SLE. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1995;38:S303, 百拇医药(姜枫)