胺碘酮对急性心肌梗死兔心室肌动作电位复极离散度的影响
【摘要】 目的 研究胺碘酮对急性心肌梗死(AMI)后急性期心室肌细胞动作电位(APD)复极离散度的影响。方法 采用结扎兔冠状动脉左前降支的方法建立AMI动物模型,应用膜片钳全细胞记录方法,观察AMI后24h左室心外膜梗死区与非梗死区心肌细胞APD的变化。结果 AMI组梗死区APD复极90%时程(MAPD 90 )较对照组明显缩短(P<0.01),梗死区与非梗死区之间APD离散度(MAPDd)明显增大(P<0.01)。胺碘酮组梗死区MAPD 90 延长较非梗死区更明显,使梗死区与非梗死区之间MAPDd较AMI组缩小(P<0.01)。结论 胺碘酮能减少心脏不同部位心室肌APD复极的差异,从而达到抑制室性心律失常的作用。
关键词 心肌梗死 胺碘酮 动作电位 心肌 膜片钳
【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1680-6115(2003)06-0492-02
Effect of amiodarone on dispersion of action potential duration in
, http://www.100md.com
left ventricular myocytes from infarcted rabbit heart
Ding Chao,He Zhenshan,Liu Xiaoyun,et al.
Department of Cardiology,Bethune International Peace Hospital of PLA,Shijiazhuang,Hebei050082.
【Abstract】 Objective To study the effect of amiodarone on action potential in cells from the epicardial borˉder zone in left ventricular myocytes of the24h infarcted rabbit heart.Methods Rabbits were infarcted by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery,24h later,the single ventricular myocytes were isolated enzymatically.Acˉtion potential was recorded using whole cell patch-clamp techniques from the infracted zone(IZs)and region remote from the infracted zone(NZs)from infarcted heart(AMI)and compare with noninfarcted heart(CON)and the amioˉdarone group.Results Action potential duration at90%repolarization(APD 90 )of IZs in AMI was longer than that in CON(P<0.01),and MAPDd was increased in AMI than that in CON(P<0.01).APD 90 of IZs in the amiodarone group was longer than that of NZs,and MAPDd in the amiodarone group was shorter than in AMI(P<0.01).Concluˉsion Amiodarone could decrease MAPDd in myocytes between IZs and NZs in rabbits in AMI model,restore the disˉpersion of repolarization and decrease the vulnerability to induce ventricular arrhymia.
, 百拇医药
Key words myocardial infarction amiodarone action potentials ventricular myocytes patch clamp
急性心肌梗死(AMI)后可发生各种心律失常,特别是折返性室性心律失常,是AMI最严重的并发症之一。文献报道,AMI后急性期梗死区内部及梗死周边区尚存活的心肌细胞动作电位明显缩短,形成心肌梗死后电重构,是AMI后发生心律失常的离子机制[1] 。本课题应用膜片钳全细胞记录方法,研究胺碘酮对AMI后24h梗死区与非梗死区心室肌细胞动作电位(APD)的影响,旨在为临床上应用胺碘酮治疗AMI提供理论依据。
1 材料和方法
1.1 实验分组 新西兰纯种大耳白兔15只(购自华北制药厂动物试验中心),雌雄不拘,体重1.5~2kg。随机分为3组:正常对照组5只,AMI组5只,AMI胺碘酮治疗组(胺碘酮组)5只。
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1.2 AMI动物模型的建立 AMI组及胺碘酮组10只兔麻醉后固定,沿左侧肋骨、胸骨交界处剪断肋骨,开胸后切开心包,分离并结扎冠状动脉左前降支,随之关闭缝合,即建立AMI动物模型。单笼饲养24h后备用。
1.3 溶液与试剂 试剂成分(mmol/L)如下:①无钙台氏液:NaCl136.9,NaHCO 3 11.9,KCl5.4,MgCl 2 0.53,NaHPO 40.33,HEPES5.0,glucose10,用NaOH调节pH至7.3。②KB液:KOH70,KCl140,KH 2 PO 4 20,L-glutamic acid50,Tauringe20,EGTA0.5,HEPES10,glucose10,用KOH调节pH至7.3。③记录APD电极内液:KCl120,MgCl 2 5,CaCl 2 1,N 2 ATP5,EGTA10,HEPES10,glucose11,用KOH调节pH至7.3。④记录APD电极外液为无钙台氏液加入CaCl 2 (1.8mmol/L)。胺碘酮(Sigma公司纯品)用50%乙醇溶解,配成1×10 -3 mol/L的母液冷藏保存备用。胺碘酮组则用胺碘酮终浓度为4.4×10 -5 mol/L的APD电极外液作为灌流液灌流15min,然后记录APD。
, 百拇医药
1.4 心室肌细胞的分离 按文献 [2] 方法。心脏冠状动脉左前降支毗邻的左心室前壁部位为梗死区,特征为此梗死区外膜变为白色斑片状;左心室侧壁为非梗死区。正常对照组细胞则取自正常兔心室肌与AMI组相对应的部位。
1.5 膜片钳全细胞记录 采用pulse + pulsefit软件(version8.53,德国HEKA电子公司),方法按文献 [2] 。调节三维操纵器进行细胞封接,封接阻抗在1GΩ以上,吸破细胞膜形成全细胞记录模式。在电流钳模式下,给予1Hz、900pA、持续15ms的刺激,记录3组细胞的动作电位。
1.6 统计学处理 计量资料以ˉx±s表示,组间比较采用t检验。
2 结果
3组细胞动作电位复极90%时程(MAPD 90 )和动作电位离散度(MAPDd,即最大MAPD90 与最小MAPD 90 之差)的比较见表1。正常对照组心室不同部位(左室前壁与左室侧壁之间)的MAPD 90 无明显差异。AMI组梗死区(即左室前壁)MAPD 90 较对照组明显缩短,P<0.01;AMI组非梗死区(即左室侧壁)MAPD 90 与对照组比较无明显变化,P>0.05。AMI组两区域之间MAPDd与对照组比较明显增大,P<0.01。胺碘酮组左室梗死区和非梗死区MAPD 90均明显延长,与AMI组相比,延长幅度分别为29.3%和9.7%,左室梗死区MAPD 90 延长更明显,使梗死区与非梗死区之间MAPDd缩小,胺碘酮组MAPDd与AMI组比较有显著差异,P<0.01。
, 百拇医药
表1 3组细胞MAPD 90 和MAPDd的比较 (略)
3 讨论
正常心脏不同部位心室肌细胞之间的APD差异是很小的,但在病理状态下,这种情况会发生变化。有研究资料表明,AMI后心室肌细胞会发生一系列心电学方面的变化,形成电重构。AMI急性期梗死区心室肌细胞APD会明显缩短,使心室不同部位(梗死区和非梗死区)的心肌细胞复极离散度增大,造成心肌梗死区和非梗死区心室复极不一致,心电不均是AMI后急性期发生折返性室性心律失常的原因 [1,3] 。本研究结果与文献报道一致。AMI后24h应用胺碘酮干预后梗死区和非梗死区心肌细胞MAPD 90 均明显 延长,但左室梗死区MAPD 90 延长较非梗死区更明显,使两区域MAPDd明显缩小,减小心脏不同部位心室肌的复极差异,从而达到抑制室性心律失常的作用。
胺碘酮为复合型Ⅲ类药,不仅阻断Ⅰ K ,亦阻断了Ⅰ Na 和Ⅰ Ca ,使APD呈双相调节,使缺血心肌和非缺血心肌之间电失同步引发的折返及触发活动消失,对于AMI后早期恶性心律失常具有明显效果,而且致心律失常作用较小,成为防治心脏猝死和恶性室性心律失常最有效的药物之一 [4,5] 。而单纯型Ⅲ类药(如dofetilide,almokalant,E-4031,d-索他洛尔)对这种心律失常是无效的,反而容易诱发尖端扭转性室速、室颤等 [6] 。
, http://www.100md.com
参考文献
1 Ursell PC,Gardner PI,Albala A,et al.Structural and electrophysiˉological changes in the epicardial border zone of canine myocardial inˉfarcts duringinfarct healing.Circ Res,1998,56:436-451.
2 丁超,何振山,齐书英,等.急性心肌梗死后1周兔心室肌细胞钾离子通道活性的变化.心脏杂志,2003,15(1):1-3.
3 丁超,何振山,齐书英,等.急性心肌梗死后2月兔心室肌细胞钠离子通道活性的变化.中国心脏起搏与心电生理杂志,2003,17(2):138.
4 Bril A,Faivre JF,Froest MC,et al.Electrophysiological effect of BRL-32872,a novel antiarrhymic agent with potassium and calcium channel blocking properties,in guinea pig cardiac isolated preparations.J Pharˉmacol Exp Ther,1995,273:1264.
, http://www.100md.com
5 Merot J,Charpentier F,Poirier JM,et al.Effects of chromic treatment by amiodarone on transmural heterogeneity of canine ventricular repolarizaˉtion in vivo:interactions with acute sotalol.Cardiovasc Res,1999,44:303-314.
6 Chen JG,Xue Y,Eto K,et al.Effcts of Dofetilide,a ClassⅢantiarˉrhymicdrug,on various ventricular arrhymias in dogs.J Cardiovasc Pharmacol,1996,28:576.
(收稿日期:2003-03-15) (编辑 于少伟), http://www.100md.com
关键词 心肌梗死 胺碘酮 动作电位 心肌 膜片钳
【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1680-6115(2003)06-0492-02
Effect of amiodarone on dispersion of action potential duration in
, http://www.100md.com
left ventricular myocytes from infarcted rabbit heart
Ding Chao,He Zhenshan,Liu Xiaoyun,et al.
Department of Cardiology,Bethune International Peace Hospital of PLA,Shijiazhuang,Hebei050082.
【Abstract】 Objective To study the effect of amiodarone on action potential in cells from the epicardial borˉder zone in left ventricular myocytes of the24h infarcted rabbit heart.Methods Rabbits were infarcted by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery,24h later,the single ventricular myocytes were isolated enzymatically.Acˉtion potential was recorded using whole cell patch-clamp techniques from the infracted zone(IZs)and region remote from the infracted zone(NZs)from infarcted heart(AMI)and compare with noninfarcted heart(CON)and the amioˉdarone group.Results Action potential duration at90%repolarization(APD 90 )of IZs in AMI was longer than that in CON(P<0.01),and MAPDd was increased in AMI than that in CON(P<0.01).APD 90 of IZs in the amiodarone group was longer than that of NZs,and MAPDd in the amiodarone group was shorter than in AMI(P<0.01).Concluˉsion Amiodarone could decrease MAPDd in myocytes between IZs and NZs in rabbits in AMI model,restore the disˉpersion of repolarization and decrease the vulnerability to induce ventricular arrhymia.
, 百拇医药
Key words myocardial infarction amiodarone action potentials ventricular myocytes patch clamp
急性心肌梗死(AMI)后可发生各种心律失常,特别是折返性室性心律失常,是AMI最严重的并发症之一。文献报道,AMI后急性期梗死区内部及梗死周边区尚存活的心肌细胞动作电位明显缩短,形成心肌梗死后电重构,是AMI后发生心律失常的离子机制[1] 。本课题应用膜片钳全细胞记录方法,研究胺碘酮对AMI后24h梗死区与非梗死区心室肌细胞动作电位(APD)的影响,旨在为临床上应用胺碘酮治疗AMI提供理论依据。
1 材料和方法
1.1 实验分组 新西兰纯种大耳白兔15只(购自华北制药厂动物试验中心),雌雄不拘,体重1.5~2kg。随机分为3组:正常对照组5只,AMI组5只,AMI胺碘酮治疗组(胺碘酮组)5只。
, http://www.100md.com
1.2 AMI动物模型的建立 AMI组及胺碘酮组10只兔麻醉后固定,沿左侧肋骨、胸骨交界处剪断肋骨,开胸后切开心包,分离并结扎冠状动脉左前降支,随之关闭缝合,即建立AMI动物模型。单笼饲养24h后备用。
1.3 溶液与试剂 试剂成分(mmol/L)如下:①无钙台氏液:NaCl136.9,NaHCO 3 11.9,KCl5.4,MgCl 2 0.53,NaHPO 40.33,HEPES5.0,glucose10,用NaOH调节pH至7.3。②KB液:KOH70,KCl140,KH 2 PO 4 20,L-glutamic acid50,Tauringe20,EGTA0.5,HEPES10,glucose10,用KOH调节pH至7.3。③记录APD电极内液:KCl120,MgCl 2 5,CaCl 2 1,N 2 ATP5,EGTA10,HEPES10,glucose11,用KOH调节pH至7.3。④记录APD电极外液为无钙台氏液加入CaCl 2 (1.8mmol/L)。胺碘酮(Sigma公司纯品)用50%乙醇溶解,配成1×10 -3 mol/L的母液冷藏保存备用。胺碘酮组则用胺碘酮终浓度为4.4×10 -5 mol/L的APD电极外液作为灌流液灌流15min,然后记录APD。
, 百拇医药
1.4 心室肌细胞的分离 按文献 [2] 方法。心脏冠状动脉左前降支毗邻的左心室前壁部位为梗死区,特征为此梗死区外膜变为白色斑片状;左心室侧壁为非梗死区。正常对照组细胞则取自正常兔心室肌与AMI组相对应的部位。
1.5 膜片钳全细胞记录 采用pulse + pulsefit软件(version8.53,德国HEKA电子公司),方法按文献 [2] 。调节三维操纵器进行细胞封接,封接阻抗在1GΩ以上,吸破细胞膜形成全细胞记录模式。在电流钳模式下,给予1Hz、900pA、持续15ms的刺激,记录3组细胞的动作电位。
1.6 统计学处理 计量资料以ˉx±s表示,组间比较采用t检验。
2 结果
3组细胞动作电位复极90%时程(MAPD 90 )和动作电位离散度(MAPDd,即最大MAPD90 与最小MAPD 90 之差)的比较见表1。正常对照组心室不同部位(左室前壁与左室侧壁之间)的MAPD 90 无明显差异。AMI组梗死区(即左室前壁)MAPD 90 较对照组明显缩短,P<0.01;AMI组非梗死区(即左室侧壁)MAPD 90 与对照组比较无明显变化,P>0.05。AMI组两区域之间MAPDd与对照组比较明显增大,P<0.01。胺碘酮组左室梗死区和非梗死区MAPD 90均明显延长,与AMI组相比,延长幅度分别为29.3%和9.7%,左室梗死区MAPD 90 延长更明显,使梗死区与非梗死区之间MAPDd缩小,胺碘酮组MAPDd与AMI组比较有显著差异,P<0.01。
, 百拇医药
表1 3组细胞MAPD 90 和MAPDd的比较 (略)
3 讨论
正常心脏不同部位心室肌细胞之间的APD差异是很小的,但在病理状态下,这种情况会发生变化。有研究资料表明,AMI后心室肌细胞会发生一系列心电学方面的变化,形成电重构。AMI急性期梗死区心室肌细胞APD会明显缩短,使心室不同部位(梗死区和非梗死区)的心肌细胞复极离散度增大,造成心肌梗死区和非梗死区心室复极不一致,心电不均是AMI后急性期发生折返性室性心律失常的原因 [1,3] 。本研究结果与文献报道一致。AMI后24h应用胺碘酮干预后梗死区和非梗死区心肌细胞MAPD 90 均明显 延长,但左室梗死区MAPD 90 延长较非梗死区更明显,使两区域MAPDd明显缩小,减小心脏不同部位心室肌的复极差异,从而达到抑制室性心律失常的作用。
胺碘酮为复合型Ⅲ类药,不仅阻断Ⅰ K ,亦阻断了Ⅰ Na 和Ⅰ Ca ,使APD呈双相调节,使缺血心肌和非缺血心肌之间电失同步引发的折返及触发活动消失,对于AMI后早期恶性心律失常具有明显效果,而且致心律失常作用较小,成为防治心脏猝死和恶性室性心律失常最有效的药物之一 [4,5] 。而单纯型Ⅲ类药(如dofetilide,almokalant,E-4031,d-索他洛尔)对这种心律失常是无效的,反而容易诱发尖端扭转性室速、室颤等 [6] 。
, http://www.100md.com
参考文献
1 Ursell PC,Gardner PI,Albala A,et al.Structural and electrophysiˉological changes in the epicardial border zone of canine myocardial inˉfarcts duringinfarct healing.Circ Res,1998,56:436-451.
2 丁超,何振山,齐书英,等.急性心肌梗死后1周兔心室肌细胞钾离子通道活性的变化.心脏杂志,2003,15(1):1-3.
3 丁超,何振山,齐书英,等.急性心肌梗死后2月兔心室肌细胞钠离子通道活性的变化.中国心脏起搏与心电生理杂志,2003,17(2):138.
4 Bril A,Faivre JF,Froest MC,et al.Electrophysiological effect of BRL-32872,a novel antiarrhymic agent with potassium and calcium channel blocking properties,in guinea pig cardiac isolated preparations.J Pharˉmacol Exp Ther,1995,273:1264.
, http://www.100md.com
5 Merot J,Charpentier F,Poirier JM,et al.Effects of chromic treatment by amiodarone on transmural heterogeneity of canine ventricular repolarizaˉtion in vivo:interactions with acute sotalol.Cardiovasc Res,1999,44:303-314.
6 Chen JG,Xue Y,Eto K,et al.Effcts of Dofetilide,a ClassⅢantiarˉrhymicdrug,on various ventricular arrhymias in dogs.J Cardiovasc Pharmacol,1996,28:576.
(收稿日期:2003-03-15) (编辑 于少伟), http://www.100md.com