老年髋部骨折骨密度变化的初步研究
【摘要】 目的 对60岁以上老年髋部骨折病人的骨密度值变化进行初步研究。方法选择1994~1998年在我科收治的77例60岁以上的老年髋部骨折病人作研究组,其中股骨颈骨折34例,股骨粗隆间骨折43例。在其发生髋部骨折后2周内,用双能量X线骨密度仪DEXA测定其腰椎及髋部骨密度值。另选无骨代谢疾患的健康老年人73例作对照组,分别测定其腰椎及髋部骨密度值。测定结果的比较用t检验。结果 研究组和对照组之间年龄的比较差异无显著性,腰椎及髋部骨密度测定值都存在极显著的差异。本组老年髋部骨折病例骨密度值,腰椎为:0.91±0.15g/cm 2 ;股骨颈为0.64±0.10g/cm 2 ;Ward’s三角为最:0.49±0.11g/cm 2;股骨大粗隆为:0.56±0.13g/cm 2 。结论 本研究结果与国外文献报道接近,以髋部Ward’s三角骨密度值为最低,在0.5g/cm 2 左右,说明应对老年骨质疏松患者积极进行骨密度的测定,筛选并保护高危人群,积极治疗骨质疏松,从而减少髋部骨折的发生率。
, 百拇医药
关键词 老年人髋部骨折 骨密度
【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1609-6614(2003)16-1468-02
Initial studies of bone mineral density variety of elders with hip fracture
Zhang Yaonan,Wang Yingmin,Cai Hengjiang.
Department of Orthopaedics,Beijing Hospital,Beijing100730.
【Abstract】 Objective To study the Bone Mineral Density(BMD)variety of elders over60years with hip fracture and observe the relationship of BMD and hip fracture with osteoporosis in elders.Methods The study was carried out on77patients(40females and37males,34femoral neck fractures and43trochanteric fractures)with hip fracture and treated in Beijing hospital from1994to1998.The patients were from60to96years old and the average age was71.58years.BMD of lumbar(L2~4)and the different regions of the hip(femoral neck,Ward’s triangle,trochanteric area)were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA,Model XR26,Norland Corporation,USA)in these patients within two weeks since fracture.A control group was involved in this investigation.They were73healthy male and female over60years without bone metabolic and endocrine disease(33males and40females,age range60-86years old,average age70.1).They received the same measurement of BMD as those patients with hip fracture by DEXA.The result has a T test.Results The difference of age was not remarkble(P>0.05)and BMD of the spine and the hiphave significance statistically(P<0.05).The conclusion drawn is that BMD of elders with hip fracture is0.91±0.15g/cm 2 in the spine,0.64±0.10g/cm 2 in femoral neck,0.49±0.11g/cm 2 in Ward’s triangle,and0.56±0.13g/cm 2 in trochanteric area.Conclusion BMD of Ward’s triangle is the lowest one(0.49±0.11g/cm 2)in this study.The conclusion is approximate to the other foreign articles.We should actively monitor the BMD of elders,screen out and protect them with osteoporosis so that reduce the incidence of hip fracture with elders.
, 百拇医药
Key words elders hip fracture bone mineral density
老年髋部骨折是与骨质疏松症有关的常见骨折之一,对有骨质疏松症的老年人危害极大。骨密度测定是公认的确定骨质疏松症的指标之一,老年人骨密度值的降低预示着其患髋部骨折的危险增加。因此,患髋部骨折的老年人其骨密度值的变化情况,将作为筛选老年人群和降低老年骨质疏松患者骨折发生率的重要参考指标之一 [1,2] 。本文对60岁以上老年髋部骨折病人的骨密度值变化进行初步研究,探讨其变化规律。
1 资料和方法
我们选择从1994~1998年我科收治的77例60岁以上的患髋部骨折的老年病人作研究组,其中股骨颈骨折34例,股骨粗隆间骨折43例,男37例,女40例,年龄60~96 岁,平均年龄71.58岁。在其发生髋部骨折后2周内,用DEXA(双能量X线骨密度仪,美国Lunar公司生产)测定其腰椎(L 2~4 )及髋部(包括股骨颈、Ward’s三角、股骨大粗隆3个区域,骨折患者检查健侧髋部)骨密度值。另选无骨代谢疾患,无内科疾患和骨折史的60岁以上的健康老年人73例作对照组,其中男33例,女40例,年龄60~86岁,平均年龄70.1岁。也分别测定其腰椎及髋部骨密度值,测定结果分析用t检验。
, 百拇医药
2 结果
2.1 从表1可以看出研究组和对照组之间年龄的比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),证明两组间骨密度值的比较消除了年龄因素的影响,具有可比性。
2.2 从表2可以看出研究组和对照组之间腰椎及髋部骨密度测定值都存在极显著的差异(P<0.01),证明对老年髋部骨折患者骨密度的研究确有其必要性,其明显低于对照组。
2.3本研究组老年髋部骨折患者各部位骨密度值X±s(g/cm 2 )测定结果分别为,腰椎:0.91±0.15g/cm 2 ;髋部股骨颈:0.64±0.10g/cm 2 ,Ward’s三角:0.49±0.11g/cm 2 ;股骨大粗隆:0.56±0.13g/cm 2 ,其中髋部Ward’s三角骨密度值为最低,为0.49±0.11g/cm 2 。 表1 研究组与对照组间年龄的比较(略)表2 研究组与对照组腰椎及髋部骨密度的比较(略)
, http://www.100md.com
3 讨论
3.1 人的骨骼担负着行走、负重、抵抗外力等功能,在其发育过程中,随着钙盐的不断沉积,到30岁左右骨密度达到峰值。骨密度是骨强度的基本要素之一,老年人骨密度明显降低,骨量减少,骨再塑功能差,重建慢,骨强度下降,轻微的暴力即可发生骨折,所以骨密度的变化(尤其是降低)仍是发生骨折危险的主要参考因素 [1~3] 。
3.2 文献报道西欧腰椎骨密度阈值是0.84g/cm 2[4] ,日本腰椎骨密度阈值是0.97g/cm 2[5] ;髋部骨密度阈值是0.64g/cm 2[1] ,股骨颈骨密度阈值是0.67g/cm 2[6],髋部骨折老年患者Ward’s三角骨密度值为0.55g/cm 2[1] ,Ward’s三角骨密度值最低,也是最敏感的指标 [6] 。本研究证明本组老年髋部骨折患者骨密度值明显降低,低于同龄健康老年人对照组,与外国研究结果基本接近,腰椎:0.91±0.15g/cm 2 ;髋部股骨颈;0.64±.10g/cm 2 ;Ward’s三角:0.49±0.11g/cm 2 ;股骨大粗隆:0.56±0.13g/cm 2 。其中髋部Ward’s三角骨密度值为最低,在0.5g/cm 2 左右,说明应该重视对老年骨质疏松患者进行骨密度的监测,筛选并保护接近骨折阈值的高危人群,积极治疗骨质疏松,从而减少老年髋部骨折的发生率,这是非常重要的。
, 百拇医药
3.3 本研究只是对老年髋部骨折患者骨密度值进行初步探讨,有病例数不多,病种选择单一,未做男、女间比较等缺 憾,应进一步扩大研究范围,增加数量,对更多的相关危险因素进行研究。
参考文献
1 1Goh JC,Bose K,Das De S.Pattern of fall and bone mineral density measurement in hip fractures.Ann Acad Med Singapore,1996,25(6):820-823.
2 Fox KM,Cummings SR,Williams E,et al.Femoral neck and inˉtertrochanteric fractures have different risk factors:a prospective study.Osteoporos Int,2000,11:1018-1023.
, 百拇医药
3 Johnston CC Jr,Slemenda CW.Pathogenesis of osteoporosis.Bone,1995,17,2(Suppl):19-22.
4 Reginster JY,Janssen C,Deroisy R,et al.Bone mineral density of the spine and the hip measured with dual energy X ray absorptiometry:norˉmal range and fracture threshold for western European(Belgian)postˉmenopausal females.Clin-Rheumatol,1995,14(1):68-75.
5 Norimatsu H,Mori S,Uesato T,et al.Bone mineral density of the spine andproximal femur in normal and osteoporotic subjects in Japan.Bone Miner,1989,5(2):213-222.
6 Duboeuf F,Braillon P,Chapuy MC,et al.Bone mineral density of the hip measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in normal elderˉly women and in patients with hip fracture.Osteoporos Int,1991,1(4):242-249.
(编辑黄 杰)
作者单位:100730卫生部北京医院骨科, 百拇医药(张耀南)
, 百拇医药
关键词 老年人髋部骨折 骨密度
【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1609-6614(2003)16-1468-02
Initial studies of bone mineral density variety of elders with hip fracture
Zhang Yaonan,Wang Yingmin,Cai Hengjiang.
Department of Orthopaedics,Beijing Hospital,Beijing100730.
【Abstract】 Objective To study the Bone Mineral Density(BMD)variety of elders over60years with hip fracture and observe the relationship of BMD and hip fracture with osteoporosis in elders.Methods The study was carried out on77patients(40females and37males,34femoral neck fractures and43trochanteric fractures)with hip fracture and treated in Beijing hospital from1994to1998.The patients were from60to96years old and the average age was71.58years.BMD of lumbar(L2~4)and the different regions of the hip(femoral neck,Ward’s triangle,trochanteric area)were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA,Model XR26,Norland Corporation,USA)in these patients within two weeks since fracture.A control group was involved in this investigation.They were73healthy male and female over60years without bone metabolic and endocrine disease(33males and40females,age range60-86years old,average age70.1).They received the same measurement of BMD as those patients with hip fracture by DEXA.The result has a T test.Results The difference of age was not remarkble(P>0.05)and BMD of the spine and the hiphave significance statistically(P<0.05).The conclusion drawn is that BMD of elders with hip fracture is0.91±0.15g/cm 2 in the spine,0.64±0.10g/cm 2 in femoral neck,0.49±0.11g/cm 2 in Ward’s triangle,and0.56±0.13g/cm 2 in trochanteric area.Conclusion BMD of Ward’s triangle is the lowest one(0.49±0.11g/cm 2)in this study.The conclusion is approximate to the other foreign articles.We should actively monitor the BMD of elders,screen out and protect them with osteoporosis so that reduce the incidence of hip fracture with elders.
, 百拇医药
Key words elders hip fracture bone mineral density
老年髋部骨折是与骨质疏松症有关的常见骨折之一,对有骨质疏松症的老年人危害极大。骨密度测定是公认的确定骨质疏松症的指标之一,老年人骨密度值的降低预示着其患髋部骨折的危险增加。因此,患髋部骨折的老年人其骨密度值的变化情况,将作为筛选老年人群和降低老年骨质疏松患者骨折发生率的重要参考指标之一 [1,2] 。本文对60岁以上老年髋部骨折病人的骨密度值变化进行初步研究,探讨其变化规律。
1 资料和方法
我们选择从1994~1998年我科收治的77例60岁以上的患髋部骨折的老年病人作研究组,其中股骨颈骨折34例,股骨粗隆间骨折43例,男37例,女40例,年龄60~96 岁,平均年龄71.58岁。在其发生髋部骨折后2周内,用DEXA(双能量X线骨密度仪,美国Lunar公司生产)测定其腰椎(L 2~4 )及髋部(包括股骨颈、Ward’s三角、股骨大粗隆3个区域,骨折患者检查健侧髋部)骨密度值。另选无骨代谢疾患,无内科疾患和骨折史的60岁以上的健康老年人73例作对照组,其中男33例,女40例,年龄60~86岁,平均年龄70.1岁。也分别测定其腰椎及髋部骨密度值,测定结果分析用t检验。
, 百拇医药
2 结果
2.1 从表1可以看出研究组和对照组之间年龄的比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),证明两组间骨密度值的比较消除了年龄因素的影响,具有可比性。
2.2 从表2可以看出研究组和对照组之间腰椎及髋部骨密度测定值都存在极显著的差异(P<0.01),证明对老年髋部骨折患者骨密度的研究确有其必要性,其明显低于对照组。
2.3本研究组老年髋部骨折患者各部位骨密度值X±s(g/cm 2 )测定结果分别为,腰椎:0.91±0.15g/cm 2 ;髋部股骨颈:0.64±0.10g/cm 2 ,Ward’s三角:0.49±0.11g/cm 2 ;股骨大粗隆:0.56±0.13g/cm 2 ,其中髋部Ward’s三角骨密度值为最低,为0.49±0.11g/cm 2 。 表1 研究组与对照组间年龄的比较(略)表2 研究组与对照组腰椎及髋部骨密度的比较(略)
, http://www.100md.com
3 讨论
3.1 人的骨骼担负着行走、负重、抵抗外力等功能,在其发育过程中,随着钙盐的不断沉积,到30岁左右骨密度达到峰值。骨密度是骨强度的基本要素之一,老年人骨密度明显降低,骨量减少,骨再塑功能差,重建慢,骨强度下降,轻微的暴力即可发生骨折,所以骨密度的变化(尤其是降低)仍是发生骨折危险的主要参考因素 [1~3] 。
3.2 文献报道西欧腰椎骨密度阈值是0.84g/cm 2[4] ,日本腰椎骨密度阈值是0.97g/cm 2[5] ;髋部骨密度阈值是0.64g/cm 2[1] ,股骨颈骨密度阈值是0.67g/cm 2[6],髋部骨折老年患者Ward’s三角骨密度值为0.55g/cm 2[1] ,Ward’s三角骨密度值最低,也是最敏感的指标 [6] 。本研究证明本组老年髋部骨折患者骨密度值明显降低,低于同龄健康老年人对照组,与外国研究结果基本接近,腰椎:0.91±0.15g/cm 2 ;髋部股骨颈;0.64±.10g/cm 2 ;Ward’s三角:0.49±0.11g/cm 2 ;股骨大粗隆:0.56±0.13g/cm 2 。其中髋部Ward’s三角骨密度值为最低,在0.5g/cm 2 左右,说明应该重视对老年骨质疏松患者进行骨密度的监测,筛选并保护接近骨折阈值的高危人群,积极治疗骨质疏松,从而减少老年髋部骨折的发生率,这是非常重要的。
, 百拇医药
3.3 本研究只是对老年髋部骨折患者骨密度值进行初步探讨,有病例数不多,病种选择单一,未做男、女间比较等缺 憾,应进一步扩大研究范围,增加数量,对更多的相关危险因素进行研究。
参考文献
1 1Goh JC,Bose K,Das De S.Pattern of fall and bone mineral density measurement in hip fractures.Ann Acad Med Singapore,1996,25(6):820-823.
2 Fox KM,Cummings SR,Williams E,et al.Femoral neck and inˉtertrochanteric fractures have different risk factors:a prospective study.Osteoporos Int,2000,11:1018-1023.
, 百拇医药
3 Johnston CC Jr,Slemenda CW.Pathogenesis of osteoporosis.Bone,1995,17,2(Suppl):19-22.
4 Reginster JY,Janssen C,Deroisy R,et al.Bone mineral density of the spine and the hip measured with dual energy X ray absorptiometry:norˉmal range and fracture threshold for western European(Belgian)postˉmenopausal females.Clin-Rheumatol,1995,14(1):68-75.
5 Norimatsu H,Mori S,Uesato T,et al.Bone mineral density of the spine andproximal femur in normal and osteoporotic subjects in Japan.Bone Miner,1989,5(2):213-222.
6 Duboeuf F,Braillon P,Chapuy MC,et al.Bone mineral density of the hip measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in normal elderˉly women and in patients with hip fracture.Osteoporos Int,1991,1(4):242-249.
(编辑黄 杰)
作者单位:100730卫生部北京医院骨科, 百拇医药(张耀南)