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老年消化性溃疡222例临床特征
http://www.100md.com 1997年1月15日 《世界华人消化杂志》 1997年第1期
     西安医科大学第一临床医学院内科教研室 陕西省西安市 710061

    苌新明,男,1957-10-02生,陕西省渭南市人,汉族.1983年西安医科大学医疗系毕业,副教授,消化内科学教研室副主任,主要从事胃肠疾病的诊治研究,发表论文15篇.

    项目负责人: 西安市健康路1号

    Tel:0913-5252911-401

    收稿日期:1996-01-25 接受日期:1996-06-12

    Elderly peptic ulcer: an analysis of 222 cases

    Xin-Ming Chang, Shu-Ying Wang and Hui Xue
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    Department of Internal Medicine, The First Faculty of ClinicalMedicine, Xi′an Medical University, Xi′an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China

    AbstractAIM To analyse the clinical and gastroscopic features of peptic ulcer in the aged (PUA).

    METHODS 222 hospitalized patients with peptic ulcer, aged over 60 were analysed from 1985 to 1994, and 100 patients with peptic ulcer hospitalized at the same period under the age of 60 served as controls.
, 百拇医药
    RESULTS The ratio of the gastric ulcer (GU) in the aged to the GU in all age group was gradually increased from 10.9% in 1985 to 24.0% in 1994. The occurrence rates of upper abdominal pain, rhythmical abdominal pain, regurgitation, sour and heartburn in PUA in the aged were 57.8%, 22.5%, 31.5% and 10.4%, respectively, whereas those in the controlgroup were 87.0%, 45.0%, 48.0% and 38.0%, with significant differences between the two groups (P<0.01). Moreover, the occurrence rate of complications of PUA in the aged was 60.8%, whereas that of control group was 40.0% (P<0.01). The large ulcers with adiameter of more than 3cm covered 22.5% of all cases of GU in the aged,whereas it was 4.0% in the controls (P<0.01). The operation rate of PUA in the aged was 21.6%, whereas it was only 11.0% in the controls(P<0.01).
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    CONCLUSION PUA in the aged has the following features: atypical clinical manifestations, high occurrence rates of complications, more giant ulcer hemorrhage and difficult to be controlled and more operations required.

    Subject headings Peptic ulcer/pathology

    Chang XM, Wang SY,Xue H.Elderly peptic ulcer: an analysis of 222 cases. Xin Xiaohuabingxue Zazhi, 1997;5(1):43-44
, 百拇医药
    摘要

    目的
探讨老年消化性溃疡(PUA)的临床及内镜下特点.

    方法 1985-1994年60岁以上消化性溃疡(PU)住院患者222例,以同期60岁以下PU 100例为对照进行临床内镜分析.

    结果 老年胃溃疡占同期胃溃疡住院人数的构成比已由1985年的10.9%递增至1994年的24.0%.PUA上腹痛、节律性腹痛、反酸、烧心症状发生率依次为57.8%,22.5%,31.5%和10.4%,对照组依次为87.0%,45.0%,48.0%和38.0%(P<0.01).并发症发生率PUA组为60.8%,对照组为40.0%(P<0.01).PUA直径大于3cm者占22.5%,对照组为4.0%(P<0.01).行手术治疗者PUA组为21.6%,对照组为11.0%(P<0.01).
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    结论 PUA临床症状不典型,并发症发生率高,巨大溃疡常见,出血难止,手术机率增加.

    主题词 消化性溃疡/病理学

    苌新明,王淑英,薛挥.老年消化性溃疡222例临床特征.新消化病学杂志, 1997;5(1):43-44

    老年消化性溃疡(PUA)系指年龄60岁以上的消化性溃疡(PU).作者总结本院1985-1994年PUA发病情况及临床特点,报告如下.

    1 对象和方法

    
1985-1994年我院PU住院患者共1573例,其中PUA 249例(15.8%).资料完整者222例,男180例,女42例,男女之比4.3:1.年龄60-86岁,平均66.7岁.经内镜证实者152例,经X线诊断者70例.根据溃疡部位分为胃溃疡(GU)80例,十二指肠溃疡(DU)142例.随机抽取同期60岁以下PU100例(每年10例)作为对照组,其中GU和DU各50例,年龄23-58岁,平均39.2岁,男女之比3.9:1.
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    2 结果

    2.1 临床特点 老年GU和DU患者住院人数构成比表1.PUA组与对照组主要临床症状比较表2,首发症状比较表3,并发症发生率比较表4.

    2.2 内镜及X线特点 老年GU 80例直径明显较对照组为大(表5).巨大溃疡18例(22.5%),其中16例溃疡基底部不平,边缘结节样改变.但病理证实为癌者(其中15例为手术后病理)仅5例.而对照组内镜及X线下所见与病理结果基本相符.

    表1 历年PUA占溃疡住院人数构成比
年度GUDU
n老年数%n老年数%
198546510.97568.0
198637616.265913.9
198732618.8751013.3
1988781316.71401913.6
1989491122.51802614.4
1990701622.91592315.1
1991641523.41522314.5
1992551323.61021211.8
1993431227.9691015.9
199425624.057814.0

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    表2 PUA临床症状比较
症状老年组(n=222)对照组(n=100)
n%n%
腹痛12656.88787.0b
节律性腹痛5022.54545.0b
腹胀188.177.0
反酸7031.54848.0b
食欲不振198.633.0
烧心2310.43838.0b
嗳气2410.82121.0a
恶心呕吐188.11111.0
呃逆2410.899.0

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    aP<0.05,bP<0.01,两组相比.

    表3 PUA首发症状比较
症状老年组(n=222)对照组(n=100)
n%n%
上腹痛12054.18585.0b
消化道出血4620.766.0
腹胀104.522.0
上腹不适62.744.0
反酸41.800.0
食欲不振20.900.0
烧心20.911.0
梗阻20.900.0
穿孔62.711.0
其它疾病首诊2410.811.0b

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    bP<0.01,两组相比.

    表4 PUA并发症比较
并发症老年组(n=222)对照组(n=100)
n%n%
消化道出血9844.12424.0b
穿孔3214.499.0
幽门梗阻104.555.0
癌变52.322.0
合计13560.84040.0b

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    bP<0.01,两组相比.

    表5 老年胃溃疡直径比较
溃疡直径老年组(n=80)对照组(n=50)
n%n%
<1cm1316.32346.0b
1-2cm2835.02040.0
2-3cm2126.3510.0a
>3cm1822.524.0b

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    aP<0.05,bP<0.01,两组相比.

    2.3 治疗情况 行胃大部分切除或穿孔溃疡修补术者在PUA组中为48例(21.6%),对照组为11例(11.0%).PU出血者平均止血时间PUA组为2.8d,对照组为15d.症状缓解平均时间PUA组为3.5d,对照组为3.1d.此外,PUA组中有170例(76.6%)伴有其它疾病,以慢支、肺气肿最常见,其它依次为慢性胆囊炎、胆石症、高血压和冠心病.其中伴有1种疾病者64例(28.8%),伴2种疾病者47例(21.2%),伴3种疾病者39例(17.6%),伴4种以上疾病者20例(9.0%).而对照组有伴随疾病者仅33例(33.0%),以肝炎多见.

    3 讨论

    近10年来,国外PUA有逐年稳步增多的倾向,其占PU住院患者人数钩杀纫延1976年的27.5%逐步上升到1987年的48.7%[1].GU与DU发病率同时增高[2].本资料示10年来老年GU已由1985年的10.9%递增至1994年的24.0%,呈逐年增高趋势,老年DU住院数似无明显变化.李兆申等[3]报道老年GU胃粘膜各部位血流均明显低于正常对照组.成为PUA发生的重要因素.近年研究表明幽门螺杆菌感染在老年人中发病率增高有关[4].PUA上腹痛程度较轻,甚至无痛,直至并发出血或穿孔才就医.本组PUA以腹痛为首发症状者只有54.1%,而对照组为85.0%.半数PUA以其它消化道症状和其它疾病就诊,无症状性PU(包括以出血、穿孔、梗阻和其它疾病首诊者)在老年组达78例(35.1%),而对照组仅8例(8.0%)(P<0.01).这与老年人神经末梢感觉迟钝,溃疡病史长,症状易被其它伴随疾病掩盖等原因有关. PUA并发症发生率高.Freston等[2]报道半数以上PUA出现并发症,且以出血最常见.本组PUA并发症发生率为60.8%,其中消化道出血占44.1%,与国外结果相近.老年人常患各种慢性疾病,以慢支、肺气肿、高血压、冠心病等最多见,这些疾病将使老年患者失血后发生严重并发症,也是消化道出血的诱因.PUA症状不典型,易延误诊治,致溃疡大而深,加之硬化动脉收缩差,故出血率高而难止,再出血机会多,穿孔发生率也增高,增加了手术机率.PUA病灶大,周围组织增生明显,给内镜及X线鉴别良恶性带来一定困难,应多部位活检并密切随访观察.PUA病灶大,血供差,愈合慢,药物治疗需要更长疗程.
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    4 参考文献1 Gilinsky WH, Chb MB. Peptic ulcer disease in the elderly.

    Gastroenterol Clin North Am, 1990;19(2):255-271

    2 Freston MS, Freston JW. Peptic ulcer in the elderly: Unique feactures and management.

    Geriatrics, 1990;45(1):39-45

    3 李兆申,许国铭,周岱云.老年胃溃疡患者粘膜血流量和粘膜电位的变化.老年学杂志,1991;11(4):234-236

    4 王淑英,苌新明,周泰蜀,等.慢性胃炎患者血清幽门螺杆菌抗体检测及其意义.西安医科大学学报,1994;15(4):400-401, 百拇医药