白藜芦醇抗肝癌HepG2裸鼠移植瘤的活性
中山大学化学与化学工程学院 广东省广州市 510275
田雪梅,女,1969-05-01生,甘肃省临夏市人,汉族. 第一军医大学组织学与胚胎学教研室,讲师. 现在中山大学进行博士后研究.
项目负责人 张展霞,510275,广东省广州市新港西路135号,中山大学化学与化学工程学院.
School of Chemistry and Chemical Enigneering, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, China
Correspondence to Zhan-Xia Zhang, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engneering, Zhongshan University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, China
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Tel. 0086-20-84035186
Received 2000-09-21 Accepted 2000-09-28
The anticancer activity of resveratrol on implanted tumor of HepG2 in nude mice
Xue-Mei Tian and Zhan-Xia Zhang
Abstract
AIM To study the anti-cancer effects of resveratrol in vivo.
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METHODS Human hepatic cancer cells HepG2 were planted into nude mice to get the cancer model of HepG2. Resveratrol at different doses was injected into the carcinoma on the nude mice. After treatment, the carcinomas were cut and prepared with sections to observe the pathological change of the carcinoma tissue. Expression of PCNA and Bcl-2 in carcinoma tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry, and apoptosis of cells were labeled with TUNEL.
, http://www.100md.com RESULTS Resveratrol can significantly inhibit carcinoma growth when it was injected into the carcinoma. The inhibition ratios were 38% and 36% at doses of 1mg·kg-1 mass and 1.5mg·kg-1 mass. Expression of PCNA (33%±6% and 84%±7%) and Bcl-2 (0.187±0.007 and 0.835±0.006) was lower than the control group. And resveratrol could cause hepatic cancer cell apoptosis.
CONCLUSION Resveratrol can inhibit progression of hepatic cancer, and this function may be attributed to the decreased expression of PCNA and Bcl-2 in the cancer cells, and induction of apoptosis may play a role in it.
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Subject headings resveratrol; human hepatic cancer HepG2 cell; xenograft carcinoma, nude mice; antineoplasm agents phytogenic; immunohistochemistry; gene expression; apoptosis
Tian XM, Zhang ZX. The anticancer activity of resveratrol on implanted tumor of HepG2 in nude mice.
Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi, 2001;9(2):161-164
摘要
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目的 研究白藜芦醇对人肝癌的体内抗癌活性.
方法 建立人肝癌HepG2裸鼠移植瘤模型,采用瘤内注射的方法,用不同剂量的白藜芦醇进行治疗,并设对照. 取裸鼠移植瘤制作光镜及电镜切片,观察肿瘤组织的病理变化. 用免疫组织化学法检测瘤组织中PCNA及Bc1-2蛋白的表达. 采用原位末端标记法检测瘤组织中的凋亡细胞.
结果 瘤内注射白藜芦醇能显著抑制鼠HepG2移植瘤的生长,抑制率达38%;瘤组织中PCNA的表达率(33%±6%)明显低于对照组(84%±7%);Bc1-2蛋白表达也降低,白藜芦醇治疗组、溶剂对照组、空白对照组图像分析结果A值分别为0.187±0.007,0.835±0.006,0.954±0.008. 白藜芦醇作用导致瘤内大量细胞发生凋亡.
结论 白藜芦醇对人肝癌移植瘤的发展具有抑制作用,这种作用与白藜芦醇阻抑癌细胞增殖和减少细胞中Bc1-2蛋白的表达有关,细胞凋亡在其中也起着一定作用.
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主题词 白藜芦醇;人肝癌HepG2细胞;裸鼠移植瘤;抗肿瘤药,植物;免疫组织化学;基因表达;细胞凋亡
田雪梅, 张展霞. 白藜芦醇抗肝癌HepG2裸鼠移植瘤的活性. 世界华人消化杂志,2001;9(2):161-164
0 引言
白藜芦醇(resveratrol, Res)是从多种葡萄属植物中提取出的多酚类化合物[1-3]. 它具有预防心血管疾病的作用[4-8]. 近年来发现Res还具有抗癌作用[9-17],如它可以抑制小鼠皮肤癌[10,11],人乳腺上皮癌[12],前列腺癌[13]的生长增殖,能抑制人白血病HL-60细胞的分化[17]. 寻找有效的防癌、抗癌药物一直是肿瘤防治研究的一个重要方面. 本实验在体外细胞实验的基础上,对Res在人肝癌HepG2裸鼠移植瘤中的作用进行了研究,旨在查明Res对人肝癌的抗癌、防癌活性,为其作为抗癌药物的应用提供理论和实验依据.
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1 材料和方法
1.1 材料 RPMI1640培养基购自Gibco公司;白藜芦醇购自Sigma公司(用二甲基亚酚溶解);PCNA和Bcl-2单克隆抗体为Duko公司产品;ABC试剂盒购自Vector公司;原位末端标记(TUNEL)试剂盒为Intergen公司出品. 人肝癌HepG2细胞(中科院病毒所提供)培养参照文献[18]于含10%小牛血清的RPMI1640培养液中,37℃, 5% CO2培养箱中培养,2d~3d传代1次,细胞生长达到所需数量后收集细胞,用生理盐水配成1×1011 cell·L-1的细胞悬液,并尽快行裸鼠皮下接种[19]. Balb/C(nu/nu)裸鼠(第一军医大学实验动物中心提供)35只,4~6周龄18g~20g,雌雄各半. 无菌条件下,裸鼠右后侧背部皮下接种HepG2细胞悬液. 接种后,裸鼠在无菌、恒温和恒湿条件下饲养,隔天观察肿瘤生长情况,定期测量肿瘤大小(最长径mm×垂直径长mm).
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1.2 方法 待肿瘤长成约3mm×3mm大小时,将荷瘤小鼠随机分成对照组、溶剂对照组和给药组,隔日给药1次,共6次. 在最后1次给药次日,解剖取出肿瘤,称重,计算公式为:肿瘤抑制率=(1-T/C)×100%,T和C分别为给药组和对照组平均瘤重,统计学分析采用非配对样本t检验.
1.2.1 瘤及肝脏的组织切片观察 取移植瘤组织块经常规固定、脱水、透明、包埋、切片,HE染色,普通光学显微镜观察瘤内出血、坏死、血管改变及肿瘤细胞的情况,观察肝组织结构及肝细胞变化. 25g·L-1戊二醛按常规电镜切片制作程序制作电镜切片,进行观察.
1.2.2 瘤组织PCNA的表达 按常规方法作石蜡切片. 采用ABC法进行免疫组织化学染色[20,21]. 主要步骤如下:瘤组织标本经脱蜡至水化. PBS(0.01mol·L-1, pH 7.2)洗3min. 于37℃下胰蛋白酶消化20min,胃蛋白酶消化40min. PBS洗3×3min. 室温下3mL·L-1% H2O2-甲醇溶液浸泡20min,以除去内源性过氧化物酶. 滴加50mL·L-1抗正常人血清,室温下20min. 滴加一抗,4℃放置过夜. PBS洗3×3min. 滴加羊抗鼠二抗1∶200,37℃,温育40min,PBS洗3×3min. 滴加ABC(1∶100),37℃温育50min. PBS洗3×3min. 0.4g·L-1 DAB+0.3mL·L-1 H2O2显色10min. 苏木精复染. 常规脱水,封片待检. 阳性结果为细胞核呈棕褐色. 阳性率表达是指高倍视野中每100个细胞中阳性细胞数.
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1.2.3 瘤组织中Bc1-2蛋白表达 瘤组织的冰冻切片,用ABC进行免疫组化染色(同前)[22],部分切片不复染,通过图象分析仪(莱卡公司)测定灰度值(A值),以显示Bc1-2蛋白表达强度.
1.2.4 瘤组织中的细胞凋亡 按试剂盒说明并参照文献[23]进行操作,主要步骤如下:常规石蜡切片用二甲苯脱蜡,逐级乙醇至水; 将切片置2×SSC液中,80℃,20min; 蒸馏水冲洗2次; 胃蛋白酶消化60min,不时摇动,流水冲洗终止反应;组织切片用buffer A液漂洗,5min;滤纸拭干组织周边液体,放湿盒内; 滴加标记液约50μL,复盖切片组织,25℃,1h; PBS漂洗2次,各5min; 湿盒内用HRP-avidin点片,室温,放置30min;PBS漂洗2次,各5min;DAB-H2O2显色,约5min(可镜下控制时间); 流水冲洗后,用苏木精进行复染. 常规脱水,透明,封片. 阳性结果为细胞呈棕色. 细胞凋亡率用高倍镜下,每100个细胞中的凋亡细胞的数来表示.
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2 结果
2.1 裸鼠移植瘤实验表明,Res对HepG2移植瘤有明显的抑制作用(表1).
2.2 病理切片观察结果显示(图1),对照组的瘤块切片中细胞整齐地成片排列,细胞核大,胞质少,瘤块中央有少量坏死组织. 溶剂对照组的瘤块与对照组相似;Res注射组,瘤块中癌细胞排列散乱,有大量核固缩或碎裂的表现为凋亡状态的细胞,瘤块内有较多的片状坏死. 电镜观察(图2),对照组的瘤组织中多数癌细胞线粒体、内质网丰富,表明细胞代谢旺盛,而Res注射组的瘤组织中有较多处于不同时期的凋亡细胞.
2.3 PCNA免疫组化检测 注射Res后,移植瘤细胞PCNA的表达率(33%±6%)明显低于溶剂对照组(84%±6%),对照组(87%±7%)(P<0.05)(图3).
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2.4 Bc1-2蛋白表达 Res组,移植瘤细胞Bc1-2表达量高于溶剂对照组、对照组. 图象分析A值分别为0.187±0.0067,0.835±0.0059,0.954±0.0078(P<0.05).
2.5 凋亡细胞检测 Res注射后,瘤块周边有成片密集的棕色凋亡细胞,而溶剂对照和对照组瘤块中呈棕色的细胞分散、稀疏(图4). TUNEL染色阳性细胞率分别为54%±7%,12%±8%和14%±6%(P<0.01),Res组移植瘤中细胞凋亡率明显高于两个对照组.
表1 Res对裸鼠HepG2移植瘤的抑制作用
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bP<0.01.
图1 Res注射组肿瘤组织的HE染色. ×40
图2 肿瘤组织的透射电镜观察. A. 对照组; B. Res组 ×4000
图3 肿瘤组织的PCNA 免疫组化染色. A. 对照组; B. Res组 ×200
图4 肿瘤组织的TUNEL 标记. A. 对照组; B. Res组 ×100
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3 讨论
Res具有螯合铜离子,抑制脂质过氧化;可以吞噬自由基,抑制血小板聚集等作用,从而能够有效地预防心血管疾病的发生[3-8,11]. 近年来,Res的抑癌抗癌作用又逐渐为人们所重视[9-17]. 本实验结果表明,Res能显著抑制裸鼠人HepG2移植瘤生长,抑制癌细胞的增殖,并诱发其凋亡和坏死. 恶性肿瘤的一个重要特点是肿瘤细胞的无限增殖性,表现为肿瘤细胞广泛处于细胞周期的活跃增殖期. PCNA为一种仅在增殖细胞中表达的多肽,与细胞周期密切相关,在细胞增殖周期中的S期表达最强. 肿瘤细胞增殖越活跃,肿瘤细胞PCNA表达水平亦相应增高,因此,PCNA的表达水平反应肿瘤细胞的增殖水平[24,25]. 本实验中,瘤内注射Res后,裸鼠HepG2移植瘤生长明显减慢,移植瘤细胞PCNA表达明显减弱,表明大量的癌细胞处于细胞增殖周期的静止期. 提示,Res能阻止癌细胞进入分裂期,从而抑制肿瘤的生长. Bcl-2蛋白表达检测结果也表明,Res作用后,移植瘤中癌细胞中Bcl-2表达降低.
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Bcl-2蛋白又称存活蛋白,是一种凋亡抑制蛋白,它维持细胞存活,保护细胞不发生死亡[26,27]. 说明Res使癌细胞的存活降低. 原位未端标记检测结果显示Res导致瘤组织中大量癌细胞发生凋亡,揭示Res引发的移植瘤中癌细胞死亡主要通过诱导细胞凋亡的方式. 细胞死亡有两种形式:坏死和凋亡. 其中细胞凋亡是细胞在自身基因调控下,激活自身的核酸内切酶,降解核酸,引起的细胞死亡. 它是细胞在一定条件下发生的自主性的死亡过程. 细胞凋亡后形成的凋亡小体被巨噬细胞吞噬,不引起炎症反应. 因而,调控细胞凋亡成为肿瘤治疗研究的一个新热点[28-30]. 诱导细胞凋亡是Res抑制肿瘤生长的一种方式,这表明,若以Res作为抑癌药物,所产生的副作用较小. 癌细胞的转移是恶性肿瘤的一大特性. 我们发现在两种对照和Res注射三组裸鼠中均有鼠肝组织出现瘤结节,说明有肝转移发生. 对Res是否能抑制HepG2细胞的转移,尚需要进一步研究.
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田雪梅,女,1969-05-01生,甘肃省临夏市人,汉族. 第一军医大学组织学与胚胎学教研室,讲师. 现在中山大学进行博士后研究.
项目负责人 张展霞,510275,广东省广州市新港西路135号,中山大学化学与化学工程学院.
School of Chemistry and Chemical Enigneering, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, China
Correspondence to Zhan-Xia Zhang, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engneering, Zhongshan University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, China
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Tel. 0086-20-84035186
Received 2000-09-21 Accepted 2000-09-28
The anticancer activity of resveratrol on implanted tumor of HepG2 in nude mice
Xue-Mei Tian and Zhan-Xia Zhang
Abstract
AIM To study the anti-cancer effects of resveratrol in vivo.
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METHODS Human hepatic cancer cells HepG2 were planted into nude mice to get the cancer model of HepG2. Resveratrol at different doses was injected into the carcinoma on the nude mice. After treatment, the carcinomas were cut and prepared with sections to observe the pathological change of the carcinoma tissue. Expression of PCNA and Bcl-2 in carcinoma tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry, and apoptosis of cells were labeled with TUNEL.
, http://www.100md.com RESULTS Resveratrol can significantly inhibit carcinoma growth when it was injected into the carcinoma. The inhibition ratios were 38% and 36% at doses of 1mg·kg-1 mass and 1.5mg·kg-1 mass. Expression of PCNA (33%±6% and 84%±7%) and Bcl-2 (0.187±0.007 and 0.835±0.006) was lower than the control group. And resveratrol could cause hepatic cancer cell apoptosis.
CONCLUSION Resveratrol can inhibit progression of hepatic cancer, and this function may be attributed to the decreased expression of PCNA and Bcl-2 in the cancer cells, and induction of apoptosis may play a role in it.
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Subject headings resveratrol; human hepatic cancer HepG2 cell; xenograft carcinoma, nude mice; antineoplasm agents phytogenic; immunohistochemistry; gene expression; apoptosis
Tian XM, Zhang ZX. The anticancer activity of resveratrol on implanted tumor of HepG2 in nude mice.
Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi, 2001;9(2):161-164
摘要
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目的 研究白藜芦醇对人肝癌的体内抗癌活性.
方法 建立人肝癌HepG2裸鼠移植瘤模型,采用瘤内注射的方法,用不同剂量的白藜芦醇进行治疗,并设对照. 取裸鼠移植瘤制作光镜及电镜切片,观察肿瘤组织的病理变化. 用免疫组织化学法检测瘤组织中PCNA及Bc1-2蛋白的表达. 采用原位末端标记法检测瘤组织中的凋亡细胞.
结果 瘤内注射白藜芦醇能显著抑制鼠HepG2移植瘤的生长,抑制率达38%;瘤组织中PCNA的表达率(33%±6%)明显低于对照组(84%±7%);Bc1-2蛋白表达也降低,白藜芦醇治疗组、溶剂对照组、空白对照组图像分析结果A值分别为0.187±0.007,0.835±0.006,0.954±0.008. 白藜芦醇作用导致瘤内大量细胞发生凋亡.
结论 白藜芦醇对人肝癌移植瘤的发展具有抑制作用,这种作用与白藜芦醇阻抑癌细胞增殖和减少细胞中Bc1-2蛋白的表达有关,细胞凋亡在其中也起着一定作用.
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主题词 白藜芦醇;人肝癌HepG2细胞;裸鼠移植瘤;抗肿瘤药,植物;免疫组织化学;基因表达;细胞凋亡
田雪梅, 张展霞. 白藜芦醇抗肝癌HepG2裸鼠移植瘤的活性. 世界华人消化杂志,2001;9(2):161-164
0 引言
白藜芦醇(resveratrol, Res)是从多种葡萄属植物中提取出的多酚类化合物[1-3]. 它具有预防心血管疾病的作用[4-8]. 近年来发现Res还具有抗癌作用[9-17],如它可以抑制小鼠皮肤癌[10,11],人乳腺上皮癌[12],前列腺癌[13]的生长增殖,能抑制人白血病HL-60细胞的分化[17]. 寻找有效的防癌、抗癌药物一直是肿瘤防治研究的一个重要方面. 本实验在体外细胞实验的基础上,对Res在人肝癌HepG2裸鼠移植瘤中的作用进行了研究,旨在查明Res对人肝癌的抗癌、防癌活性,为其作为抗癌药物的应用提供理论和实验依据.
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1 材料和方法
1.1 材料 RPMI1640培养基购自Gibco公司;白藜芦醇购自Sigma公司(用二甲基亚酚溶解);PCNA和Bcl-2单克隆抗体为Duko公司产品;ABC试剂盒购自Vector公司;原位末端标记(TUNEL)试剂盒为Intergen公司出品. 人肝癌HepG2细胞(中科院病毒所提供)培养参照文献[18]于含10%小牛血清的RPMI1640培养液中,37℃, 5% CO2培养箱中培养,2d~3d传代1次,细胞生长达到所需数量后收集细胞,用生理盐水配成1×1011 cell·L-1的细胞悬液,并尽快行裸鼠皮下接种[19]. Balb/C(nu/nu)裸鼠(第一军医大学实验动物中心提供)35只,4~6周龄18g~20g,雌雄各半. 无菌条件下,裸鼠右后侧背部皮下接种HepG2细胞悬液. 接种后,裸鼠在无菌、恒温和恒湿条件下饲养,隔天观察肿瘤生长情况,定期测量肿瘤大小(最长径mm×垂直径长mm).
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1.2 方法 待肿瘤长成约3mm×3mm大小时,将荷瘤小鼠随机分成对照组、溶剂对照组和给药组,隔日给药1次,共6次. 在最后1次给药次日,解剖取出肿瘤,称重,计算公式为:肿瘤抑制率=(1-T/C)×100%,T和C分别为给药组和对照组平均瘤重,统计学分析采用非配对样本t检验.
1.2.1 瘤及肝脏的组织切片观察 取移植瘤组织块经常规固定、脱水、透明、包埋、切片,HE染色,普通光学显微镜观察瘤内出血、坏死、血管改变及肿瘤细胞的情况,观察肝组织结构及肝细胞变化. 25g·L-1戊二醛按常规电镜切片制作程序制作电镜切片,进行观察.
1.2.2 瘤组织PCNA的表达 按常规方法作石蜡切片. 采用ABC法进行免疫组织化学染色[20,21]. 主要步骤如下:瘤组织标本经脱蜡至水化. PBS(0.01mol·L-1, pH 7.2)洗3min. 于37℃下胰蛋白酶消化20min,胃蛋白酶消化40min. PBS洗3×3min. 室温下3mL·L-1% H2O2-甲醇溶液浸泡20min,以除去内源性过氧化物酶. 滴加50mL·L-1抗正常人血清,室温下20min. 滴加一抗,4℃放置过夜. PBS洗3×3min. 滴加羊抗鼠二抗1∶200,37℃,温育40min,PBS洗3×3min. 滴加ABC(1∶100),37℃温育50min. PBS洗3×3min. 0.4g·L-1 DAB+0.3mL·L-1 H2O2显色10min. 苏木精复染. 常规脱水,封片待检. 阳性结果为细胞核呈棕褐色. 阳性率表达是指高倍视野中每100个细胞中阳性细胞数.
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1.2.3 瘤组织中Bc1-2蛋白表达 瘤组织的冰冻切片,用ABC进行免疫组化染色(同前)[22],部分切片不复染,通过图象分析仪(莱卡公司)测定灰度值(A值),以显示Bc1-2蛋白表达强度.
1.2.4 瘤组织中的细胞凋亡 按试剂盒说明并参照文献[23]进行操作,主要步骤如下:常规石蜡切片用二甲苯脱蜡,逐级乙醇至水; 将切片置2×SSC液中,80℃,20min; 蒸馏水冲洗2次; 胃蛋白酶消化60min,不时摇动,流水冲洗终止反应;组织切片用buffer A液漂洗,5min;滤纸拭干组织周边液体,放湿盒内; 滴加标记液约50μL,复盖切片组织,25℃,1h; PBS漂洗2次,各5min; 湿盒内用HRP-avidin点片,室温,放置30min;PBS漂洗2次,各5min;DAB-H2O2显色,约5min(可镜下控制时间); 流水冲洗后,用苏木精进行复染. 常规脱水,透明,封片. 阳性结果为细胞呈棕色. 细胞凋亡率用高倍镜下,每100个细胞中的凋亡细胞的数来表示.
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2 结果
2.1 裸鼠移植瘤实验表明,Res对HepG2移植瘤有明显的抑制作用(表1).
2.2 病理切片观察结果显示(图1),对照组的瘤块切片中细胞整齐地成片排列,细胞核大,胞质少,瘤块中央有少量坏死组织. 溶剂对照组的瘤块与对照组相似;Res注射组,瘤块中癌细胞排列散乱,有大量核固缩或碎裂的表现为凋亡状态的细胞,瘤块内有较多的片状坏死. 电镜观察(图2),对照组的瘤组织中多数癌细胞线粒体、内质网丰富,表明细胞代谢旺盛,而Res注射组的瘤组织中有较多处于不同时期的凋亡细胞.
2.3 PCNA免疫组化检测 注射Res后,移植瘤细胞PCNA的表达率(33%±6%)明显低于溶剂对照组(84%±6%),对照组(87%±7%)(P<0.05)(图3).
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2.4 Bc1-2蛋白表达 Res组,移植瘤细胞Bc1-2表达量高于溶剂对照组、对照组. 图象分析A值分别为0.187±0.0067,0.835±0.0059,0.954±0.0078(P<0.05).
2.5 凋亡细胞检测 Res注射后,瘤块周边有成片密集的棕色凋亡细胞,而溶剂对照和对照组瘤块中呈棕色的细胞分散、稀疏(图4). TUNEL染色阳性细胞率分别为54%±7%,12%±8%和14%±6%(P<0.01),Res组移植瘤中细胞凋亡率明显高于两个对照组.
表1 Res对裸鼠HepG2移植瘤的抑制作用
分组 | 剂量(mg/kg) | 动物数 | 动物体重 | 肿瘤 | 抑制率(%) | |||
始 | 终 | 始 | 终 | 大小(mm3) | 重量(g) | |||
对照组 | 生理盐水 | 7 | 6 | 15.5 | 17.5 | 1.50±0.31 | 2.2±0.41 | |
溶剂组 | 1500 | 7 | 5 | 16.0 | 19.1 | 1.56±0.25 | 2.07±0.17 | |
Res组 | 500 | 7 | 6 | 18.0 | 21.0 | 1.50±0.21 | 1.94±0.42 | |
1000 | 7 | 7 | 18.0 | 22.5 | 1.30±0.29 | 1.37±0.34b | 38% | |
1500 | 7 | 6 | 20.0 | 22.0 | 1.28±0.21 | 1.41±0.21b | 36% |
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bP<0.01.
图1 Res注射组肿瘤组织的HE染色. ×40
图2 肿瘤组织的透射电镜观察. A. 对照组; B. Res组 ×4000
图3 肿瘤组织的PCNA 免疫组化染色. A. 对照组; B. Res组 ×200
图4 肿瘤组织的TUNEL 标记. A. 对照组; B. Res组 ×100
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3 讨论
Res具有螯合铜离子,抑制脂质过氧化;可以吞噬自由基,抑制血小板聚集等作用,从而能够有效地预防心血管疾病的发生[3-8,11]. 近年来,Res的抑癌抗癌作用又逐渐为人们所重视[9-17]. 本实验结果表明,Res能显著抑制裸鼠人HepG2移植瘤生长,抑制癌细胞的增殖,并诱发其凋亡和坏死. 恶性肿瘤的一个重要特点是肿瘤细胞的无限增殖性,表现为肿瘤细胞广泛处于细胞周期的活跃增殖期. PCNA为一种仅在增殖细胞中表达的多肽,与细胞周期密切相关,在细胞增殖周期中的S期表达最强. 肿瘤细胞增殖越活跃,肿瘤细胞PCNA表达水平亦相应增高,因此,PCNA的表达水平反应肿瘤细胞的增殖水平[24,25]. 本实验中,瘤内注射Res后,裸鼠HepG2移植瘤生长明显减慢,移植瘤细胞PCNA表达明显减弱,表明大量的癌细胞处于细胞增殖周期的静止期. 提示,Res能阻止癌细胞进入分裂期,从而抑制肿瘤的生长. Bcl-2蛋白表达检测结果也表明,Res作用后,移植瘤中癌细胞中Bcl-2表达降低.
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Bcl-2蛋白又称存活蛋白,是一种凋亡抑制蛋白,它维持细胞存活,保护细胞不发生死亡[26,27]. 说明Res使癌细胞的存活降低. 原位未端标记检测结果显示Res导致瘤组织中大量癌细胞发生凋亡,揭示Res引发的移植瘤中癌细胞死亡主要通过诱导细胞凋亡的方式. 细胞死亡有两种形式:坏死和凋亡. 其中细胞凋亡是细胞在自身基因调控下,激活自身的核酸内切酶,降解核酸,引起的细胞死亡. 它是细胞在一定条件下发生的自主性的死亡过程. 细胞凋亡后形成的凋亡小体被巨噬细胞吞噬,不引起炎症反应. 因而,调控细胞凋亡成为肿瘤治疗研究的一个新热点[28-30]. 诱导细胞凋亡是Res抑制肿瘤生长的一种方式,这表明,若以Res作为抑癌药物,所产生的副作用较小. 癌细胞的转移是恶性肿瘤的一大特性. 我们发现在两种对照和Res注射三组裸鼠中均有鼠肝组织出现瘤结节,说明有肝转移发生. 对Res是否能抑制HepG2细胞的转移,尚需要进一步研究.
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