甘草酸苷对小鼠暴发性肝损伤细胞凋亡的抑制作用
杨宝山, 陈立艳, 马英骥, 毕蔓茹, 哈尔滨医科大学第一临床医学院传染科 黑龙江省哈尔滨市 150001
杨宝山,男, 1963-07-22生, 黑龙江省伊春人, 汉族.2002年哈尔滨医科大学博士.
黑龙江省十五攻关重大课题, No. 200101031-00
项目负责人:马英骥, 150001, 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区邮政街23号, 哈尔滨医科大学第一临床医学院传染科.
电话: 0451-53601171 传真: 0451-53621909
收稿日期: 2004-09-09 接受日期: 2004-10-11
, http://www.100md.com
Effects of SNMC on inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosisin mice with fulminant hepatic failure
Bao-Shan Yang, Li-Yan Chen, Ying-Ji Ma, Man-Ru Bi
Bao-Shan Yang, Li-YanChen, Ying-Ji Ma, Man-Ru Bi, Department of Infectious Disease, FirstClinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
Supported by the Key Program during the 10thFive-Year Plan of Heilongjiang Province, No. 200101031-00
, 百拇医药
Correspondence to: Ying-Ji Ma, 23 Youzheng Street Nangang District, Department of Infectious Disease, First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University Harbin 150001, China.
Received: 2004-09-07 Accepted: 2004-10-11
Abstract
AIM: To study the effects of SNBC on inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis in mice with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF).
, 百拇医药
METHODS: Mice were given lipopolysaccharide (LPS, ip) and D-galactosamine (D-GalN, 1 000 mg/kg, ip) to establish FHF model. Hepatocyte apoptosis was observed by pathological section. After treated with SNMC, the level of serum TNFa were tested by radioimmunoassay. The expression of caspase-3 in liver tissue was determined by in situ hybridization.
RESULTS: The level of serum ALT and total bilirubin (TBiL) remarkably increased in FHF mice. Hepatocyte apoptosis was observed at 6 hours and the level of serum TNFa and caspase-3 expression increased significantly (3.75±0.50 vs 0.77±0.08,P<0.01; 3 vs 0, P<0.01) in comparison with those in normal mice. Hepatocyte apoptosis were inhibited and hepatocyte necrosis decreased significantly after SNBC administration. And serum TNFa level and caspase-3 expression was significantly decreased as compared with those in mice of model group (P<0.01). Hepatocyte apoptosis was gradually decreased with the action time of SNMC in mice. However, there was no significant difference between groups with different action time and doses of SNMC (P>0.05).
, 百拇医药
CONCLUSION: SNMC can protected hepatocytes from apoptosis in mice with FHF and the mechanism was associated with its inhibitory effect on the pathway of hepatocyte apoptosis.
Key Words: SNMC; Tumor necrosis factor; Caspase-3; Fulminant hepatic failure
Yang BS, Chen LY, Ma YJ, Bi MR. Effects of SNMC on inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis in mice with fulminant hepatic failure. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2005;13(3):325-329
, http://www.100md.com
摘要目的:探讨甘草酸苷(SNMC)对小鼠暴发性肝损伤细胞凋亡的抑制作用.
方法:用D-氨基半乳糖(D-galactosamin, D-Galn)1 000 mg/kg一次ip致敏, 以脂多糖(Lipopolysacharide, LPS)ip构建暴发性肝损伤(FHF)小鼠模型.通过病理切片观察SNMC对小鼠实验性肝损伤中细胞凋亡的抑制作用,放免法检测肿瘤坏死因子-a(TNF-a);原位杂交法检测肝组织内caspase-3的表达.并观察不同给药时间及用药剂量的差别.
结果:D-氨基半乳糖和脂多糖可以构建暴发性肝损伤的模型,血清ALT和总胆红素(TBiL)水平显著升高.6 h病理切片中可见肝细胞水肿和凋亡,与正常对照组相比,血清TNF-a(0.77±0.08 vs 3.75±0.50,P<0.01)水平显著升高,caspase-3表达显著增加(0vs 3).
, 百拇医药
12 h可见肝细胞大量碎屑样坏死.给予SNMC后可以抑制细胞凋亡及减少细胞坏死,并使血清TNF-a水平降低(F = 52.48,P<0.01),肝组织内caspase-3表达下降(P<0.01).SNMC抑制细胞凋亡以小剂量预保护组效果最好.三个剂量组(F = 0.051,P>0.01)及三个时间段(F = 2.043,P>0.01)之间无差异性.
结论:SNMC对小鼠暴发性肝损伤有明显的保护作用,可以改善D-氨基半乳糖和脂多糖所致的肝细胞病理性凋亡及坏死,并证明SNMC可能是抑制了细胞凋亡的细胞内途径.
关键词:甘草酸苷; 肿瘤坏死因子-a;caspase-3; 暴发性肝损伤; 细胞凋亡
杨宝山, 陈立艳, 马英骥, 毕蔓茹. 甘草酸苷对小鼠暴发性肝损伤细胞凋亡的抑制作用. 世界华人消化杂志 2005;13(3):325-329
, http://www.100md.com
,B: 6 h,´6 000; C: 8 h,´8 000; D: 8 h, ´5 000.
图2 治疗组肝组织电镜检查结果. A: 6 h,´5 000;B: 6 h,´8 000; C: 8 h,´5 000; D: 8 h,´10K; E: 11 h,´10K; F: 1 d,´3 000; G: 3 d,´10K; H: 7 d,´6000.
表1 各组ALT,TBil,TNF-a比较(mean±SD,n = 10)
, 百拇医药
F0.01(9、50)= 4.51.
表2 各组caspase-3比较
, http://www.100md.com
3 讨论LPS与D-GaLN联合应用时可复制出类似人类暴发性肝衰竭的损伤模型,并且在肝脏损伤过程中有细胞凋亡的发生,尤其在损伤的早期凋亡特别明显[6-7].细胞凋亡(apoptosis)是一系列高度的半胱氨酸蛋白酶caspase级联反应事件的结果.经典的细胞凋亡途径有两条,分别为细胞外途径(或称细胞表面死亡受体途径)和细胞内途径(或称线粒体引发途径)[8-9].在细胞外途径中caspase-3与其他下游的caspase成员是凋亡事件的真正执行者[10-11].受体介导是肝细胞凋亡细胞外途径的最主要途径之一.目前已知参与肝肝细胞凋亡在开始时必须有肝细胞表达的死亡基因受体(death domain receptor)和淋巴细胞表达的相应配体结合才能开始.这其中包括肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)及其受体TNFR[12-13].TNF在肝衰竭的发病机制中具有重要的作用意义.肝衰竭患者血清中TNF含量比正常人及其他类型肝炎患者显著升高,外周血单核细胞产生TNF的活性也显著升高.肝衰竭时,引起TNF升高的因素很多.TNF虽然参与了肝细胞的损坏,但并不能引起明显肝细胞坏死,他需要其他因素的协同作用在暴发性肝损伤时.如FHF中所产生的细胞因子及其所介导的炎症反应和免役损伤[14-15].
, 百拇医药
结果表明,甘草酸苷不但能减低转氨酶和胆红素,最主要的是他能够降低TNF及caspase-3,既降低了细胞凋亡中细胞外途径的开始因素和执行者,最终抑制了细胞凋亡.本实验单纯从细胞凋亡的细胞外途径角度进行了研究.但甘草酸苷治疗FHF的作用是非常复杂的,他不光是对于细胞凋亡有抑制作用,很可能也抑制FHF过程中各种细胞因子和内毒素(LPS)的产生,以及FHF中肝血窦内微血栓形成及肝内微循环障碍的发生.从而减轻了FHF中的免疫损伤和LPS对肝细胞二次损伤作用.即使抑制细胞凋亡也不能排除有细胞内途径的参与.因此还需进行更深入的研究和探讨.
4 参考文献1 向晓星,王国俊, 蔡雄. 暴发型肝炎肝细胞凋亡的阻断治疗研究. 肝脏 2001;6:64-65
2 宋方闻, 李学俊, 江元森. 复方甘草甜素(SNMC)对肝病理改变观察. 中华现代医学杂志 2001;11:24-27
, http://www.100md.com
3 汪俊韬, 于少军, 肖炜. 复方甘草甜素(美能)在肝病领域的临床应用. 中国药房 2002;13:500-502
4 Yarovinsky TO, Powers LS, Butler NS, Bradford MA, Monick MM,Hunninghake GW. Adenoviral infection decreases
mortality from lipopolysaccharid-inducedliver failurevia induction of TNF-alpha tolerance.
J Immunol 2003;171:2453-2460
5 Inoue T, Horiai H, Aoki C, Kawamura I, Ota M, Mizuhara H, Tomoi M,Mutoh S. Insulin-like growth factor-I prevents
, 百拇医药
lethal acute liver failure induced by D-galactoand lipopolysacchride in rats. In Vivo 2003;17:293-299
6 Ogasawara J, Watanabe-Fukunaga R, Adachi M, Yamauchi K, Yonehara S,Nagata S, Hayashi N. Lethal effect of
the anti-Fas antibody in mice. Nature 1993;3664:806
7 Ryo K, Kamogawa Y, Ikeda I. Significance of Fas antigen-mediatedapoptosis in human fulminant hepatic failure.
, 百拇医药
Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:2047:2055
8 汪爱莲, 李懿萍, 苏宁, 邓红.线粒体和凋亡.国外医学临床生物化学与检验学分册 2000;21:27-30
9 陈绪军, 艾中立, 刘志苏, 肖琦. 肝细胞损伤、细胞凋亡及肝细胞保护.国外医学外科学分册 2000;27:21-25
10 周卫平, 张定凤. 肝细胞凋亡在暴发性肝炎发病中的作用. 重庆医科大学学报 1996;21:1996-1999
11 何志巍, 姚开泰. Caspases与细胞凋亡研究进展. 国外医学生理、病理科学与临床分册 1999;19:15-19
12 郑昕, 杨东亮, 郝连杰. 肝细胞凋亡机制及调控因素的研究进展, 国外医学·生理、病理科学与临床分册 2000;1:22-25
, 百拇医药
13 王玉梅, 冯国和, 黄芬, 李颖,赵桂珍. 肿瘤坏死因子-a及caspase-3表达与暴发性肝衰竭细胞凋亡.
中华内科杂志 2003;8:566-569
14 陈乃玲, 邓涛, 白玲, 张昶,陈佩兰, 李琳,陈旻. 慢性肝病肝组织凋亡蛋白TNF-aTNFR、Bcl-2家族表达的研究.
临床肝胆病杂志 2002;18:342-344
15 甘建和, 江敏华, 赵卫峰, 徐杰,罗二平. 重型肝炎患者血清TNF-a的变化及临床意义.
中国血液流变学杂志 2001;11:299-301
编辑 潘伯荣 审读 张海宁, 百拇医药
杨宝山,男, 1963-07-22生, 黑龙江省伊春人, 汉族.2002年哈尔滨医科大学博士.
黑龙江省十五攻关重大课题, No. 200101031-00
项目负责人:马英骥, 150001, 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区邮政街23号, 哈尔滨医科大学第一临床医学院传染科.
电话: 0451-53601171 传真: 0451-53621909
收稿日期: 2004-09-09 接受日期: 2004-10-11
, http://www.100md.com
Effects of SNMC on inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosisin mice with fulminant hepatic failure
Bao-Shan Yang, Li-Yan Chen, Ying-Ji Ma, Man-Ru Bi
Bao-Shan Yang, Li-YanChen, Ying-Ji Ma, Man-Ru Bi, Department of Infectious Disease, FirstClinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
Supported by the Key Program during the 10thFive-Year Plan of Heilongjiang Province, No. 200101031-00
, 百拇医药
Correspondence to: Ying-Ji Ma, 23 Youzheng Street Nangang District, Department of Infectious Disease, First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University Harbin 150001, China.
Received: 2004-09-07 Accepted: 2004-10-11
Abstract
AIM: To study the effects of SNBC on inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis in mice with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF).
, 百拇医药
METHODS: Mice were given lipopolysaccharide (LPS, ip) and D-galactosamine (D-GalN, 1 000 mg/kg, ip) to establish FHF model. Hepatocyte apoptosis was observed by pathological section. After treated with SNMC, the level of serum TNFa were tested by radioimmunoassay. The expression of caspase-3 in liver tissue was determined by in situ hybridization.
RESULTS: The level of serum ALT and total bilirubin (TBiL) remarkably increased in FHF mice. Hepatocyte apoptosis was observed at 6 hours and the level of serum TNFa and caspase-3 expression increased significantly (3.75±0.50 vs 0.77±0.08,P<0.01; 3 vs 0, P<0.01) in comparison with those in normal mice. Hepatocyte apoptosis were inhibited and hepatocyte necrosis decreased significantly after SNBC administration. And serum TNFa level and caspase-3 expression was significantly decreased as compared with those in mice of model group (P<0.01). Hepatocyte apoptosis was gradually decreased with the action time of SNMC in mice. However, there was no significant difference between groups with different action time and doses of SNMC (P>0.05).
, 百拇医药
CONCLUSION: SNMC can protected hepatocytes from apoptosis in mice with FHF and the mechanism was associated with its inhibitory effect on the pathway of hepatocyte apoptosis.
Key Words: SNMC; Tumor necrosis factor; Caspase-3; Fulminant hepatic failure
Yang BS, Chen LY, Ma YJ, Bi MR. Effects of SNMC on inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis in mice with fulminant hepatic failure. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2005;13(3):325-329
, http://www.100md.com
摘要目的:探讨甘草酸苷(SNMC)对小鼠暴发性肝损伤细胞凋亡的抑制作用.
方法:用D-氨基半乳糖(D-galactosamin, D-Galn)1 000 mg/kg一次ip致敏, 以脂多糖(Lipopolysacharide, LPS)ip构建暴发性肝损伤(FHF)小鼠模型.通过病理切片观察SNMC对小鼠实验性肝损伤中细胞凋亡的抑制作用,放免法检测肿瘤坏死因子-a(TNF-a);原位杂交法检测肝组织内caspase-3的表达.并观察不同给药时间及用药剂量的差别.
结果:D-氨基半乳糖和脂多糖可以构建暴发性肝损伤的模型,血清ALT和总胆红素(TBiL)水平显著升高.6 h病理切片中可见肝细胞水肿和凋亡,与正常对照组相比,血清TNF-a(0.77±0.08 vs 3.75±0.50,P<0.01)水平显著升高,caspase-3表达显著增加(0vs 3).
, 百拇医药
12 h可见肝细胞大量碎屑样坏死.给予SNMC后可以抑制细胞凋亡及减少细胞坏死,并使血清TNF-a水平降低(F = 52.48,P<0.01),肝组织内caspase-3表达下降(P<0.01).SNMC抑制细胞凋亡以小剂量预保护组效果最好.三个剂量组(F = 0.051,P>0.01)及三个时间段(F = 2.043,P>0.01)之间无差异性.
结论:SNMC对小鼠暴发性肝损伤有明显的保护作用,可以改善D-氨基半乳糖和脂多糖所致的肝细胞病理性凋亡及坏死,并证明SNMC可能是抑制了细胞凋亡的细胞内途径.
关键词:甘草酸苷; 肿瘤坏死因子-a;caspase-3; 暴发性肝损伤; 细胞凋亡
杨宝山, 陈立艳, 马英骥, 毕蔓茹. 甘草酸苷对小鼠暴发性肝损伤细胞凋亡的抑制作用. 世界华人消化杂志 2005;13(3):325-329
, http://www.100md.com
,B: 6 h,´6 000; C: 8 h,´8 000; D: 8 h, ´5 000.
图2 治疗组肝组织电镜检查结果. A: 6 h,´5 000;B: 6 h,´8 000; C: 8 h,´5 000; D: 8 h,´10K; E: 11 h,´10K; F: 1 d,´3 000; G: 3 d,´10K; H: 7 d,´6000.
表1 各组ALT,TBil,TNF-a比较(mean±SD,n = 10)
分组 | ALTnkat\l | TBil nkat\l | TNF-amg\mL |
A | 1 119±210 | 153±145 | 0.77±0.08 |
B | 23 443±790 | 1 167±287 | 3.75±0.50 |
C | 16 153±4 413 | 420±308 | 1.16±0.25 |
D | 14 869±7 472 | 320±206 | 1.20±0.14 |
E | 13 319±2 853 | 147±14 | 1.34±0.31 |
F | 432±105 | 983±488 | 1.35±0.17 |
G | 19 482±2 499 | 455±49 | 1.34±0.31 |
H | 405±133 | 36±12 | 1.27±0.27 |
I | 1 661±508 | 36±12 | 1.30±0.25 |
J | 10 263±2 802 | 210±86 | 1.43±0.24 |
K | 19 064±1 895 | 453±95 | 1.25±0.09 |
F = 63.60 | F = 16.32 | F = 52.48 |
, 百拇医药
F0.01(9、50)= 4.51.
表2 各组caspase-3比较
组别 | 表达(+ + +) | 表达(+ +) | 表达(+ ) | 表达(-) |
A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
B | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
C | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
D | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
E | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
F | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
G | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
H | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
I | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
J | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
K | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
, http://www.100md.com
3 讨论LPS与D-GaLN联合应用时可复制出类似人类暴发性肝衰竭的损伤模型,并且在肝脏损伤过程中有细胞凋亡的发生,尤其在损伤的早期凋亡特别明显[6-7].细胞凋亡(apoptosis)是一系列高度的半胱氨酸蛋白酶caspase级联反应事件的结果.经典的细胞凋亡途径有两条,分别为细胞外途径(或称细胞表面死亡受体途径)和细胞内途径(或称线粒体引发途径)[8-9].在细胞外途径中caspase-3与其他下游的caspase成员是凋亡事件的真正执行者[10-11].受体介导是肝细胞凋亡细胞外途径的最主要途径之一.目前已知参与肝肝细胞凋亡在开始时必须有肝细胞表达的死亡基因受体(death domain receptor)和淋巴细胞表达的相应配体结合才能开始.这其中包括肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)及其受体TNFR[12-13].TNF在肝衰竭的发病机制中具有重要的作用意义.肝衰竭患者血清中TNF含量比正常人及其他类型肝炎患者显著升高,外周血单核细胞产生TNF的活性也显著升高.肝衰竭时,引起TNF升高的因素很多.TNF虽然参与了肝细胞的损坏,但并不能引起明显肝细胞坏死,他需要其他因素的协同作用在暴发性肝损伤时.如FHF中所产生的细胞因子及其所介导的炎症反应和免役损伤[14-15].
, 百拇医药
结果表明,甘草酸苷不但能减低转氨酶和胆红素,最主要的是他能够降低TNF及caspase-3,既降低了细胞凋亡中细胞外途径的开始因素和执行者,最终抑制了细胞凋亡.本实验单纯从细胞凋亡的细胞外途径角度进行了研究.但甘草酸苷治疗FHF的作用是非常复杂的,他不光是对于细胞凋亡有抑制作用,很可能也抑制FHF过程中各种细胞因子和内毒素(LPS)的产生,以及FHF中肝血窦内微血栓形成及肝内微循环障碍的发生.从而减轻了FHF中的免疫损伤和LPS对肝细胞二次损伤作用.即使抑制细胞凋亡也不能排除有细胞内途径的参与.因此还需进行更深入的研究和探讨.
4 参考文献1 向晓星,王国俊, 蔡雄. 暴发型肝炎肝细胞凋亡的阻断治疗研究. 肝脏 2001;6:64-65
2 宋方闻, 李学俊, 江元森. 复方甘草甜素(SNMC)对肝病理改变观察. 中华现代医学杂志 2001;11:24-27
, http://www.100md.com
3 汪俊韬, 于少军, 肖炜. 复方甘草甜素(美能)在肝病领域的临床应用. 中国药房 2002;13:500-502
4 Yarovinsky TO, Powers LS, Butler NS, Bradford MA, Monick MM,Hunninghake GW. Adenoviral infection decreases
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