摘 要 异种移植因可能解决同种异体供器官短缺的问题而成为全球研究热点。但迄今临床异种移植数量少，效果不理想。主要原因是：现有的大型哺乳类动物作为供者各有优缺点，尚未选出一种理想的动物供者；异种移植后将出现超急性排斥和急性血管性排斥，其后还可能有急性细胞性排斥和慢性排斥；人畜共患疾病和某些供者动物易患病可能跨越种间屏障危及人类受者甚至社区健康；动物脏器功能能否长期替代人类相应脏器功能均无答案。转基因猪和针对体液、细胞免疫的各种抑制措施可能有助于解决异种排斥问题；但异种移植最终用于临床前，须对动物疾病进行筛检防治，建立观察动物脏器在人体内环境工作的方法，进行深入探索，确保使用安全。

CLINICAL XENOTRANSPLANTATION: CURRENTPROGRESS, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS/ Li Youping, Ma Yukui, He Qiuming. TransplantImmunology Laboratory, First University Hospital, West China University of MedicalSciences, Chengdu, P. R. China 610041

    Abstract Xenotansplantation has become a global focus because it may solvethe formidable problems in allotransplantation, that is, the donor source. Hithertoclinical xenotransplantion has been in the stage of research with limited cases andunsatisfactory results. The difficulties which hinder the progress of xenotransplantationinclude: the ideal animal donor has not been found, it is rather difficult to control therejections (hyperacute rejection, acute vascular rejection, perhaps acute cellularrejection and chronic rejection) after xenotransplantation compared with those after allotransplantation, some animal diseases might be transmitted to and do harm to humanrecipients, even the community. It is still unknown whether the functions of animal organscan substitute those of human organs permanently. Transgenic pigs on research and variousmeasurements to suppress humoral and cellular immunity may be helpful in overcoming theproblems of xenogeneic rejections. Animal diseases should be prevented, screened andtreated, and animal models should be established to study the possibility of satisfactoryworking of animal organs in human body before clinical xenotransplantation is widely practised.

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