“象”模型：易医会通的交点——兼论中医学的本质及其未来发展
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象模型：易医会通的交点——兼论中医学的本质及其未来发展,易学与中医学的会通问题,象；模型；思维方式；中医学,周易研究
张 其 成(北京中医药大学，北京100029)摘要：易学与中医学的会通问题历来是一个有争议的问题，本文从一个特定的层面即思维方式的层面探讨了这一问题，提出“象”思维是医易学共同的思维方式，是医易会通的交点。“象”思维包括“象”思维方法和“象”思维模型，本文认为“象”思维方法是一种模型思维方法，“象”思维模型有卦爻模型、阴阳模型、易数模型、五行模型、干支模型等多级同源、同质、同构的子模型。文章进而探讨了“象”思维具有整体性、全息性、功能性、关系性、超形态性、时序性以及重直觉、体悟、程式、循环的特征，指出这一特征正是中医学理论的本质。中医学与西医学的本质差别就是“模型论”与“原型论”的差别，两者各有优劣。文章还从“象”模型角度提出了“修补”中医思维方式、促进中医学术发展的中医未来观。
关键词：象；模型；思维方式；中医学
Model of “images”: the intersection point of Yi and traditional Chinese medicine
——simultaneously on traditional Chinese medicine's quintessence and its future
ZHANG Qicheng
(Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China)
Abstract: Scholars have always been disputing on the intersection point of I Ching learning and traditional Chinese medicine. Departing from a specific aspect, i.e. thinking mode, the author discussed this question, raising that, as an intersection point, “image” thinking is the thinking in common for both I Ching learning and traditional Chinese medicine. “Image” thinking consists of “image” thinking methods and “image” thinking model. The former is a kind of imagemodel thinking method, and the latter includes multiclass submodels, such as hexagrams model, Yin & Yang model, fiveelement model, heavenly stem and earthly branch model, etc. possessing the same origin, quality, and structure. Being the quintessence of traditional Chinese medicine and stressing intuition, comprehension, formula and cycle, “image” thinking possesses qualities of integration, holographicness, interrelating, superforming and changing with seasonal points. The essential difference between western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine is the difference between “prototype” theory and that of “modetype”, but either has its advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, departing from the aspect of “image” model, the author upholds to “mend” the thinking mode of traditional Chinese medicine to improve academic research on Chinese medicine with the view of its future. ......
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