【摘要】 目的 探讨枕大神经痛发病的解剖学基础。方法 防腐固定成人尸体标本10具(20侧)和新鲜标本2具(4侧)，观察枕大神经的走行分布及其与邻近组织的关系。结果 根据枕大神经走行特点，可将其分为肌肉段和筋膜内段。肌内段活动度大，不易受压。筋膜内段位于致密纤维管道内易致卡压。神经自椎管穿出进入肌肉处，穿出肌肉进入筋膜处，神经浅出皮下处，此3点最易造成卡压。枕大神经浅出皮下处始与枕动脉伴行。结论 枕大神经穿行的骨性纤维孔、纤维管道及项部肌群的腱性交叉纤维对神经的固定作用，是颈部运动或组织劳损时造成枕大神经卡压的解剖学基础。

    【关键词】 枕大神经；卡压征；应用解剖

    【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the anatomic basis of the greater occipital neuralgia and discuss its clinical significance.Methods The origin,course ramification,distribution of the greater occipital nerve and its anatomic relationship with the adjacent tissues of the cervical vertebra were observed on 10 adult antiseptic cadaver specimens and 2 fresh cadaver specimens.Results The course of the nerve could be divided into two parts:the part in muscles,which passed through the nuchal muscles,where there seemed to be an ample space for cutting through of the nerve and the part in subcuits,which ran and anchored to the subcuits of the scalp.There were three points which were easy be compressed:1.Its exit point to the subcuit.2.The point after outside its respective intervertebral and starting to pass through the muscless.3.The point which throughout the muscles and starting run into subcuits.Conclusion The osteofibrous apertures,osteofibrous canal and the tendious decussating fibers of the nuchal muscles passed through by the greater occipital nerve are the anatomic basis of the greater occipital nerve compression syndrome. ......