人参不同栽培群体遗传关系的 RAPD 分析

    马小军1 X

    汪小全2

    徐昭玺1

    肖培根1

    洪德元2

    (1. 中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学药用植物研究所, 北京 100094 ;

    2. 中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学开放研究实验室, 北京 100093)

    摘要: 用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)标记法对4个人参( Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer)栽培群体 32 个个体进行遗传

    多样性分析 ,发现 RAPD多态位点为46. 1 % ,证明在人参栽培群体中存在较丰富的遗传多样性。分析一路参、三路

    参、系选品系59号、北京参等4个人参栽培群体和1个西洋参( P. quinquefolium L. )群体的遗传分化指数值表明 ,三

    路参变异量最大(0. 4169) ,一路参降为0. 2565 , 边条参系选品系59号最低为0. 1881 ,表明选择方式和选择代数的纯

    化作用十分显著。分析栽培群体的遗传关系发现:系选 59 号与一路参的遗传分化最小(1. 77 %) 。系选 59 号与三

    路参次之(13. 77 %) ,系选59号与北京参最显著(42. 01 %) 。遗传分化指数比率值聚类图将系选59号和一路参最先

    聚类 ,然后依次与三路参、北京参、西洋参聚类 ,这一关系符合以往的研究结果。

    关键词: 人参; 栽培群体; 遗传关系; RAPD; 遗传分化指数比率

    中图分类号: Q943 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 057727496 (2000) 0620587204

    RAPD Variation Within and Among Populations of Ginseng Cultivars

    MA Xiao-Jun1 3

    , WANG Xiao-Quan2

    , XU Zhao-Xi

    1

    , XIAO Pei- Gen1

    , HONGDe- Yuan2

    (1. Institute of Medicinal Plant development , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100094 , China ;

    2. Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany , Institute of Botany , The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China)

    Abstract : The genetic variations of four ginseng populations (32 individuals) were confirmed by random am2

    plified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and 46. 1 %polymorphic sites were detected , which proved that the

    genetic diversity level in the garden ginseng ( Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) was relatively high. The diversity

    coefficient (DC) values of the five populations , i . e. , the first-class ginsengs , the third-class ginsengs , the

    Biantiao (BT) 59 ginsengs , the Beijing ginsengs and P. quinquefolium ranged from the highest in the third-

    class ginsengs (0. 4169) to the relatively lower in the first-class ginsengs (0. 2565) , then to the lowest in

    BT59 ginsengs (0. 1881) . It is proved that the way and the number of generations of selection were very im2

    portant to purify ginseng population. According to the pairwise differentiation values of all populations , the

    proportion of diversity coefficient (PDC) values (1. 77 %) between BT59 ginsengs and the first-class ginsengs

    was the lowest , that (12. 77 %) between BT59 ginsengs and third-class ginsengs was moderate , and that

    (42. 01 %) between BT59 ginsengs and the Beijing ginsengs was the most significant . The first-class ginsengs

    and BT59 ginsengs were combined firstly in the dendrogram constructed from the PDC values , followed by the

    order of the third-class ginsengs , Beijing ginsengs , and P. quinquefolium. The author’ s results were consis2

    tent with those of the previous agronomic studies and these data can provide a basis for cultivation and breeding

    of ginseng.

    Key words : Panax ginseng ; populations ; genetic relationship ; RAPD ; proportion of diversity coefficient

    栽培人参是由野生人参驯化来的混合群体 ,经

    过生态环境的长期作用和生产者的长期选择 ,使不

    同产地的栽培人参群体出现了一些遗传分化[1 ]。经

    过近20年的收集整理已发现了 10 多种变异类型 ,如大马牙、二马牙、圆膀圆芦、长脖、草芦、线芦、竹节

    芦等[2 ]

    ,它们以不同比例混杂在各地的栽培群体中 ,已发现它们的混合比例影响人参的产量和质量[3 ]。

    分析各产地栽培群体的遗传纯度、遗传多样性水平、各群体间的分化程度及其遗传关系 ,对提高人参产

    量和质量有重要意义 ,同时也能为选种策略的制定

    提供科学依据。为此 ,我们应用 RAPD方法[4 ,5 ]

    及遗

    传分化指数(DC)和分化指数比率(PDC)

    [6 ]

    分析我国

    X 收稿日期: 1999211218 接受日期: 2000202226

    3通讯作者。Author for correspondence. E-mail : < xjma @public. bta. net . cn > .

    植 物 学 报 2000 , 42 (6) :587 - 590

    Acta Botanica Sinica

    ? 1995-2005 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.人参主产区的几处栽培群体的遗传分化程度、判断

    彼此的遗传关系和比较它们的遗传多样性 ,为人参

    的栽培生产和育种提供理论依据 ......