香洲口岸北提货运码头鼠形动物调查报告

    梁 浩 陈光国 吴 翔 张平斯 万山出入境检验检疫局(519000)

    摘要 目的 调查掌握香洲口岸北提货运码头鼠形动物种群特征及其体表寄生病媒昆虫种类

    和鼠间鼠疫、流行性出血热病原是否存在 ,评估香洲口岸鼠间鼠疫和流行性出血热的流行现状及其

    对人群的潜在危害。方法 从2001年6月至2002年 5 月对香洲口岸北提货运码头用鼠笼捕活鼠

    并收集其体表寄生病媒昆虫进行分类鉴定 ,同时采其血、肺进行实验室检测鼠疫抗体和流行性出血

    热抗原。结果 共捕获鼠形动物75只 ,经鉴定隶属2目2科5属6种 ,年平均密度为 6136 % ,优势

    种为褐家鼠占42167 % ,其次为臭鼠 句鼠 青占40100 % ,雄雌比值为 1133∶ 1 ;鼠体表寄生病媒昆虫只有蚤

    和螨两类 ,总蚤指数为0104 ,总螨指数为0177 ;从捕获鼠形动物采到52份血、肺样本中 ,经检测鼠疫

    抗体、流行性出血热抗原均呈阴性。结论 鼠形动物密度和总螨指数较高 ,应加强防治工作;虽然

    今次调查表明本货运码头鼠间并无鼠疫、流行性出血热病原存在 ,但口岸鼠疫(F1)抗体、流行性出

    血热(HFRS)抗原监测工作仍不能忽视。

    关键词 鼠形动物 寄生病媒 种群特征 病原监测

    Abstract Objective This paper investigated the species characters of rats and pestiferous insect vec2

    tors parasitized the body surface of rats in Beiti Freight Wharf of Zhuhai Port ,evaluated the prevalent actuality

    of epidemic hemorrhagic fever and plague from rat to rat ,pointed out the potential fatalness for people.Method

    From June ,2001 to May ,2002 ,we catch the rats and the pestiferous insect vectors parasitized the body sur 2

    face of rats in this wharf to classify and selected the serums and lungs to test F1 plague - antibody and epidem 2

    ic hemorrhagic fever virus. Results We had catch 75 rats which respectively belong to 2 orders 2 families

    5genus 6 species ,the average consistency of year was 6^36 % ,the superior species was Rattus norvegicus(42.

    67 %) ,the second was Suncus murinus linngeus (40. 00) % ,the percentage of victory and defeat was 1. 33∶ 1.

    The pestiferous insect vector parasitized the body surface of rats which we found were flea and acarid ,the index

    of total flea was 0. 04 ,the index of total acarid was 0. 77.We had selected 52 serums and lungs of rats ,and the

    test results of plague - antibody and epdemic hemorrhagic fever virus were all negative. Conclusion In this

    freight wharf ,the average rat consistency of year and the index of total acarid were on the highside ,we must in 2

    tensify prevention and cure.Although this investigate showed plague - antibody in the samples of rats was nega 2

    tive and didn’ t find epidemic hemorrhagic fever virus from rats ,but we can’ t neglect correlative supervise.

    Key words Rat Pestiferous insect vector Species character Pathogen supervise

    为了掌握香洲口岸北提货码头鼠形动物种群特

    征及其体表寄生病媒昆虫种类和鼠间鼠疫、流行性

    出血热病原是否存在 ,万山出入境检验检疫局于

    2001年6月至2002 年 5 月对香洲口岸北提货运码

    头用鼠笼捕活鼠并收集其体表寄生病媒昆虫进行分

    类鉴定 ,同时采其血、肺进行实验室检测鼠疫抗体和

    流行性出血热抗原。

    1 自然概况

    香洲口岸北提货运码头位于东经 113° 35′ ,北纬

    22° 17′ ,地处珠海经济特区情侣中路东面海边 ,东临

    香港 ,南临澳门 ,属于南亚热带季风区 ,气候温暖潮

    湿 ,常年平均气温为 2214 度、相对湿度 7917 %;于

    2000年 4 月作为海关监管区 ,最大舶位只有 2000

    · 31 · 第8卷 第3期

    Vol . 8 No. 3

    口 岸 卫 生 控 制

    PORT HEALTH CONTROL

    吨 ,与国内客运、货运船只和香洲渔港共用一个港

    池 ,属国家二类口岸 ,进出境船舶及货物集装箱都

    是来往香港与澳门 ,码头与珠海市香洲老城区相连 ,交通繁忙、人员居住密集。因此 ,加强码头鼠形动物

    及其病媒昆虫监测工作尤其必要。

    2 调查对象与方法

    211 调查地点

    香洲口岸北提货运码头 ,包括仓库及集装箱堆

    场 ......