摘要：目的：探讨儿童肺结核的诊断和治疗方法，进一步提高儿童肺结核的诊治水平。方法：对1995年至2004年在汕头市结核病防治所就诊的56例儿童肺结核患者进行回顾性分析。结果：咳嗽48例(占85.7%)，胸痛5例(占8.9%)，无咳嗽、咳痰等呼吸道症状者8例(占16.7%)，低热19例(占33.9%)，纳差15例(占26.8%)，盗汗12例(占21.4%)，消瘦6例(占10.7%)，乏力9例(占16.1%)。睡眠不安、精神不振2例(占3.6%)胸部X线正位片检查肺部结核病变52例(占92.9%)，正位片检查无明显结核病变而侧位片及胸部CT显示肺内及肺门淋巴结结核病变4例(占7.1%), 结核菌素试验强阳性27例(占48.2%)，痰查结核菌阳性3例(占5.4%)，淋巴结活检 5例(占8.9%)。26例治疗9个月后病变完全吸收，29例6个月后病变完全吸收， 1例因药物肝炎不能顺利完成治疗。满疗程临床治愈率98.2%(55/56)。结论：儿童结核病症状、体征不典型，易延误诊断，影响治疗效果。加强儿童肺结核预防工作，早期诊断，合理化疗，是降低患病率、提高治愈率的关键措施。

     关键词：肺结核；儿童；治疗

    Clinical Analysis of Child Pulmonary Tuberculosis

    ZENG Li-xiang，PENG Dong-dong，WANG Dong-min，et al

    (The Tuberculosis Prevention Saniation of Shantou，Guangdong Shantou 515041,China)

    Abstract:Objective： Discusses the diagnosis and the method of treatment of the child pulmonary tuberculosis, further enhances the child pulmonary tuberculosis the diagnosis level. Method： The clinical data of 56 children with pulmonary tuberculosis which receives a medical examination in the tuberculosis prevention Satation of Shantou from 1995 to 2004.Result： Coughs in 48 cases(85.7%),chest pain in 5 cases (8.9%), does not have respiratory tract symptom and so on the cough, expectorate in 8 cases (14.3%), low heat in 19 cases (33.9%), appetite is bad in 15 cases (26.8%), robs the perspiration in 12 cases (21.4%), becomes emaciated in 6 cases (10.7%), feels weak in 9 cases (16.1%). sleep is restless and spiritual dispirited in 2 cases (3.6%), the chest X-ray normal position piece examination lungs tuberculosis pathological change in 52 cases (92.9%), the normal position piece examination does not have the obvious tuberculosis pathological change, but to lean the position piece and in the chest CT demonstration lung and the lung hilus lymph node tuberculosis pathological change 4 cases (7.1%), the PPD test was strong masculine 27 cases (48.2%), the phlegm looks for the tuberculosis bacterium masculine gender 3cases (5.4%), the lymph node biopsy 5 cases (8.9%). 26 cases treated for 9 months the pathological change to absorb completely, 29 cases 6 months the pathological change absorbs completely. Because the medicine liver is poisoned 1 cases cannot smoothly complete the treatment. Full treatment course clinical cure rate 98.2%.Conclusion： The child tuberculosis symptom are atypical, It is easy to delay the diagnosis, affects the treatment result. Strengthens the prevent work of the child pulmonary tuberculosis,to early diagnosis and reasonable chemotherapy, is the essential measure to reduce the prevalence rate and enhance the cure rate. ......