【摘要】 目的 为了解麻风腮疫苗接种前后腮腺炎发病流行病学变化，为腮腺炎免疫策略提供科学依据。方法 采用前后比较的方法，对虹口区疫苗接种前(1992～1996年)与疫苗接种后(1997～2005年)腮腺炎发病情况进行分析比较。结果 腮腺炎发病率以学龄前儿童最高，平均1899.51/10万，其次是学生，186.84/10万，其中学龄前儿童中，幼托儿童发病率2376.79/10万显著高于散居儿童501.20/10万；疫苗接种后1997～2000年腮腺炎发病率逐年明显下降到最低水平，2000～2004年发病率维持在最低水平，年均发病率22.05/10万，较疫苗接种前腮腺炎年均发病率216.04/10万，下降约90%，经比较差异有非常显著性；同时接种后腮腺炎病例中，学生比例由接种前的20%增加到50%；接种后腮腺炎季节性高峰不明显，呈全年发病；在腮腺炎暴发疫情病例中，(10～69)%的儿童有1针麻风腮疫苗史。结论 对儿童推荐接种麻风腮疫苗，能有效控制腮腺炎野毒株的传播；并且12～18月龄儿童接种1剂麻风腮疫苗后，4～6岁时(学龄前)有必要再加强1剂。

    【关键词】 麻风腮疫苗；接种疫苗前后；腮腺炎；发病率

    Epidemic analysis on mumps before and after using measles mumps and rubella vaccine in Hongkou，Shanghai

    QIAN Xiao-hua,XU Wei,LING Li-min,et al.

    Center for Desease Control of Hongkou,Shanghai 200082, China

    【Abstract】 Objective To understand epidemiology of mumps before and after using measles mumps and rubella vaccine,and to provide scientific basis for immune strategy of mumps. Methods We analysized the incidence of mumps in Hongkou by means of comparing that before using MMR vaccine in 1992～1996 with that after using MMR vaccine in 1997～2005. Results It showed that the incidence of mumps of preschool children was the highest(1899.51/100000), the incidence of mumps of school-age children was the second(186.84/100000).The incidence of the kindergarteners(2376.79/100000) was higher significantly than that of the scatterers(501.20/100000) in preschool children. The incidence of mumps descended significantly to the lowest level year by year after MMR vaccine from 1997 to 2000.The incidence of mumps maintained the lowest level in 2000～2004.The average incidence was 22.05/100000 in 1997～2005.The incidence of mumps after MMR vaccine descended 90% over before MMR vaccine(1992～1996, 216.04/100000). The defference was very remarkable. Meanwhile, among the diseases of mumps, the proporation of schoolmates after MMR vaccine ascended to 50% from 20% before MMR vaccine. The seasonal peak of mumps after MMR vaccine was not obvious. There were mumps in all year. Among the outbreaks of mumps, 10%～69% of all cases had one dose MMR. Conclusion Vaccinating MMR vaccine for children may prevent and control the spread of mumps effectively. Moreover, we must give the 4～6 years old children, who had received one dose MMR in 12～18 months old, the second dose MMR. ......