【摘要】 目的 为降低新生儿死亡率提供科学依据。方法 对昆明市儿童医院1994～2004年505例住院新生儿死亡的死因进行分析，并按死因构成比顺位。 结果 生后1天内死亡109例，生后7天内死亡358例，8～28天内死亡147例。7天内死亡占70.9%。主要死因早期为窒息、新生儿肺炎、新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)，7天后死因为新生儿肺炎、早产。 结论 提高接产质量，加强新生儿访视，尤其加强对围产儿及高围新生儿访视是降低新生儿死亡的初步措施，也是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的主要措施。

    【关键词】 新生儿疾病；死因顺位；围产保健

    【Abstract】 Objective To provide a scientific support data for reducing the mortality rate of newnate. Methods The death causes of 505 hospitalized newborn babies between the year of 1994 and 2004 were analyzed and listed in a certain sequence. Results 109 newborn babies died within 24 hours after birth; 358 died 7 days after birth; 147 died between 8 days and 28 days after birth. The death within 7 days after birth accounts for 70.9% with the main causes of asphyxia, pneumonia, and anoxic encephalopathy. The death cause 7 days after birth was pneumonia and premature delivery. Conclusions To improve the general quality of obstetric and to increase the visiting time of the newborn babies, especially the fetus in the perinatal period and high risk newborn babies, is the preliminary and main approaches for reducing the mortality rate of children under 5 years old. ......