【摘要】 目的 观察绝经后短期应用尼尔雌醇对妇女生殖系统包括阴道、宫颈、子宫及卵巢的影响。方法 服药组和对照组FSH、E2水平、阴道细胞、宫颈刮片、经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查卵巢大小、子宫大小、子宫内膜厚度以及用涂片免疫组化法测定子宫内膜细胞的PCNA。结果 两组血生殖激素水平均为绝经状态，服药组FSH略低于对照组(P<0.05)；两组E2水平相仿(P>0.05)。两组阴道上皮成熟值差异有非常显著性(P<0.001)。两组宫颈刮片检查均正常。两组子宫体积、子宫内膜厚度、卵巢体积以及宫腔收集液中内膜细胞涂片PCNA指数差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论 绝经妇女短期应用尼尔雌醇能促进阴道上皮生长，具有正性效应；对宫颈、子宫及内膜无明显不良增殖影响；对生殖系统是安全有效的。

     【关键词】 尼尔雌醇；HT； 生殖系统； 增殖细胞核抗原

    The effect of short -term use of nilestriol on the genital system of postmenopausal women

    JI Fang，CHEN Yun-yan，LIU Xiao-ai，et al.Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology，Renji Hospital，School of Medicine，Shanghai Jiaotong University，Shanghai 200001，China.

    【Abstract】 Objective Investigating the effect of short-term use of Nilestriol on the female genital system including the vagina，cervix，uterus and ovaries of postmenopausal women. Methods The HT group and the control group were studied in this paper. All of the women accepted a series of examination for evaluating the effect of Nilestriol. Blood samples were taken for testing FSH and E2.MI of vaginal epithelial and Pap smear. The size of the uterus and ovary and the thickness of the endometrial were measured by transvaginal color Doppler imaging. Uterine flushing collected by pipellet. The PCNA expression of endometrial cells was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The hormone levels in both groups were within the postmenopausal range. The FSH level was lower in the HT group than which was in the control group(P<0.05).The E2 levels in both groups demonstrated no significant difference(P>0.05).MI of vaginal epithelials in both groups demonstrated significant difference(P<0.001). The Pap smears were normal in both groups. The size of the uterus and ovary ......