【摘要】 目的 探讨影响小学生数学能力发展的因素，为提高学生学习能力提供理论依据。 方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样，在中国大陆31个省、自治区、直辖市的12个样本点开展横断面调查，共获得12179份有效测试卷。数学能力的影响因素采用Logistic多元回归分析。 结果 促进数学能力发展的因素按其程度强弱依次为:家庭氛围民主，家庭氛围严格，父母对孩子学业较高的满意度，父母注重良好学习习惯、动机与思维的培养，好的班级环境，较好的学业成就;阻碍数学能力发展的因素按其贡献大小依次为:学习负担过重，参加活动过多，性别为女生，每天看电视的时间过多，父母过分关注学习成绩及家庭问题。 结论 父母、教师应该尽量为孩子提供一个良好的能力发展空间。

    【关键词】 数学计算;发展趋势;因素分析，统计学;学生

    Analysis of Influential Factors to Development in Mathematical Competencies of Pupils/LI Li

    * ，WU Han-rong.

    * Luohu Maternal and Children's Care Hospital of Shenzhen，Guangdong(518019)，China

    【Abstract】 Objective To explore the factors to pupils'mathematical competencies，and to provide evidence for improving their learning ability.Methods Amulti-stratified-cluster sampling method was used to select12sampled areas from31provinces(autonomous regions or municipalities)of China.In the sampled points，12179pupils were recruited，then a cross-sectional study was conducted among them.A logistic multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the influential factors on mathematical competencies.Results Based on logistic regression analysis ......