Rose
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Flowers, Tea
Rose
Latin:
Flos Rosae Rugosae
Origin:
Rose is the perennial shrub or vine Rosa rugosa Thunb. (rose flower), or Rosa chinensis Jacq. (Chinese rose flower), of the family Rosaceae, an almost universally distributed group of some 100 species. Roses are native primarily to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Most rose species are native to Asia, grown more than 40 million years ago, with smaller numbers being native to North America and a few to Europe and northwest Africa. In ancient Rome, roses were often added to celebratory cuisine, and Middle Eastern fare still includes roses in numerous desserts. In America, candied rose petals were a favorite during the Victorian era. The flavor of rose petals is generally sweet, with subtle undertones ranging from fruit to mint to spice.
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No other flower is so universally known and admired as that of the rose. Many species of rose are cultivated for their beautiful, fragrant flowers. Its blossoms range in color from white through various tones of yellow, orange, pink, red to dark crimson and maroon. Many varieties have been bred with beautiful blends of color. In wild roses are borne singly or in small clusters. The flowers of wild roses usually have five petals, while the flowers of cultivated roses are often double (i.e., with multiple sets of petals).
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Roses are erect, climbing, or trailing shrubs whose stems are usually copiously armed with prickles of various shapes and sizes that are called thorns. The plant's leaves are alternate and pinnately compound (i.e., feather-formed). The rather oval leaflets are sharply toothed. The rose plant's fleshy, sometimes edible, berrylike "fruit" (actually the floral cup) is known as a hip.
Roses from different regions of the world hybridize readily, giving rise to types that overlap the parental forms, and making it difficult to determine basic species. Of the more than 100 species of roses, fewer than 10 species (most native to Asia) were involved in the crossbreeding that ultimately produced today's many types of garden roses.
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There are several major classes of garden roses. The best-known and most popular class of rose are the hybrid tea roses, which account for the majority of roses grown in greenhouses and gardens and sold in florist shops.
Hybrid teas come in the complete range of rose colors and have large, symmetrical blossoms. Hybrid teas resulted from the crossbreeding of frequently blooming but fragile tea roses with vigorous hybrid perpetual roses.
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Altogether there are approximately 13,000 identifiable varieties of roses in various classes.
Rose flowers' size ranges from tiny miniatures 1.25 cm in diameter to flowers measuring more than 17.5 cm across. Roses have a delightful fragrance, which varies according to the variety and to climatic conditions.
Rose petals are available all year-round.
In China, rose is mainly produced in the provinces Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong, Sichuan, etc.
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For healing purposes, rose is picked and reaped by batches at the turn of autumn and winter, when the flower is about to bloom. Remove anthocaulus and base from the flower and dry it at low heat in time for use when raw.
See also Herbs, Qi Regulators, Rose.
Properties:
Sweet and slightly bitter in flavor, warm in nature, it is related to the liver and spleen channels.
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Functions:
Activates the flow of qi, removes stagnancy, promotes blood circulation and relieves pain.
Applications:
1. To treat stomach ache due to hyperactive liver-qi attacking the stomach:
Rose can be used together with nutgrass flatsedge rhizome (Rhizoma Cyperi), fleshfingered citron, amomum, etc.
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2. To treat irregular menstruation, distending pain in the breasts before menstruation and traumatic injuries with pain:
a) Irregular menstruation and distending pain in the breasts before menstruation due to stagnation of liver-qi:
Rose can be used together with Chinese angelica, chuanxiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong), white peony root (Radix Paeoniae Alba), etc.
b) Traumatic injuries with pain:
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Rose is mostly used together with herbaceous peony unpeeled root (Radix Paeoniae Rubra), peach kernels, safflower, etc.
Dosage and Administration:
3-6 g.
Decoct rose for oral administration.
For culinary use, immerse blossoms in cool water to flush out any tiny insects, and dry thoroughly in a salad spinner. Add to field greens or use as a garnish for desserts.
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Rose petals can be found primarily in specialty markets; dried rose petals can be found in herbs stores. Look for fresh blossoms with no signs of wilting or browning. Store them loosely packed in a plastic bag in the refrigerator. Or try using roses from the garden.
Cautions on Use:
Reference Materials:
'Studies of Properties of Herbs' :
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"Promoting blood circulation and resolving stagnancy due to traumatic injuries with stasis and pain."
'Supplement to the Compendium of Materia Medica' :
"Normalizing the functioning of the blood, promoting blood circulation and regulating the flow of qi."
"To treat lockjaw, acute mastitis (inflammation of the mammary gland or breast), initial attacks of pyogenic infections and stagnation of qi in the liver and stomach."
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Toxic or Side Effects:
Modern Researches:
Rose contains a volatile oil with citronellol, geraniol, nerol, eugenol, phenethyl alcohol, etc., as its main ingredients. It also contains quercitrin, amaroid, tannin, fatty oil, organic acids, etc.
Rose oil can promote the secretion of bile in animals.
Attar--a fragrant essential oil from rose petals--used in perfumes, is obtained from the rose blossoms, especially those of the damask rose (R. damascena). Rose hips, particularly those of R. rugosa, are a source of vitamin C and are sometimes used in preserves., 百拇医药