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血清HBeAg阴性与HBeAg/IC及A1986变异的关系
http://www.100md.com 《世界华人消化杂志》 1998年第11期
     作者:张树林 朱 江 刘 敏 柴宁莉

    单位:西安医科大学第一临床医学院肝炎研究室 710061

    关键词:肝炎,病毒性;肝炎e抗原,乙型;肝炎,乙型

    华人消化杂志981112 Relation ship between negative serum HBeAg-and formation of HBeAg-specific immune complex and HBV mutant A1896

    ZHANG Shu-Lin, ZHU Jiang, LIU Min and CHAI Ning-Li

    Hepatitis Lab, First Clinical College, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
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    Subject headings hepatitis, viral; HBeAg; hepatitis B

    Abstract

    AIM To explore the relation between serum HBeAg-negative and HBeAg-specific immune complex (HBeAg/IC), HBV mutant A1896, to evaluate the clinical significance of HBeAg/IC detetion.

    METHODS The serum HBeAg/IC was deteted by ELISA using monolonal antibody against HBeAg. The serum HBV DNA was tested with nested polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR) using nested primers induced from S region of HBV genome. A1896 mutant was determined by 3'-base specific PCR (3'-BS-PCR). In this study, 117 patients with chronic HBV infection were investigated. Statistical analysis of data was conducted with X test.
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    RESULTS The detection rate of serum HBV DNA was greatly higher in sera with positive HBeAg/IC than that in sera with negative HBeAg/IC, P<0.001 (91.3% vs 36.2%). Twenty nine patients with positive HBV DNA had no HBeAg in serum, only 5 of them (17.2%) were infected with A1896 mutant, but 2 of the 5 patients also had wild type HBV (G1896) and HBeAg/IC in sera, 17 patients (58.7%) were infected with G1896 and had HBeAg/IC in serum. The prevalence of A1896 was much higher in sera with positive anti-HBe than that in sera with negative anti-HBe.
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    CONCLUSION HBeAg/IC is one of the markers indicating HBV active replication. Most patients with negative HBeAg and positive HBV DNA in serum are infected with wild type HBV (G1896), the formation of HBeAg/IC results in undetection of HBeAg with “Sandwich” ELISA: Anti-HBe response may be one of the factors that promote the mutation of pre-C gene of HBV.

    中国图书资料分类号 R512.62

    摘 要

    目的 探讨血清HBeAg阴性(双抗体夹心法)与HBeAg/IC形成及HBV变异株A1896的关系,评价HBeAg/IC检测的临床意义.
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    方法 单克隆抗-HBe固相ELISA检测血清中HBeAg/IC;套式多聚酶链反应检测HBVDNA;3'碱基特异多聚酶链反应判断A1896变异;ELISA检测HBeAg、抗-HBe,研究对象为117例慢性HBV感染者,20例健康对照统计处理采用卡方检验.

    结果 HBeAg/IC阳性血清中HBV DNA检出率明显高于HBeAg/IC阴性血清,P<0.001(91.3% vs 36.2%);29份HBeAg阴性、HBVDNA阳性血清中仅5例(17.2%)检出A1896,而且其中2例与野毒株(G1896)混合感染并伴HBeAg/IC阳性. 29份中17份(58.7%)为HBeAg/IC阳性的G1896感染;血清抗-HBe阳性组A1896检出率高于抗-HBe阴性组,P<0.05(25% vs 3.2%).

    结论 HBeAg/IC为HBV活跃复制指标;临床HBeAg阴性、HBVDNA阳性患者仍多数为G1896感染,HBeAg/IC形致双抗体夹心法不能检出HBeAg;抗-HBe应答可能为促使前C变异的重要因素.
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    0 引言

    HBeAg为临床判断HBV复制和传染性的常用血清学标志. 近年发现HBV基因组前C区变异的HBeAg缺陷变异株(最常见为A1896),无HBeAg产生,血清HBeAg阴性但HBVDNA阳性[1,2],因此HBeAg检测的临床意义应重新评价. 业已证实,HBV感染者体内可检出e抗原特异免疫复合物(HBeAg/IC),存在于HBeAg/IC中的HBeAg用现行双抗体夹心法无法检出[3,4]. 本文以单克隆抗-HBe固相ELISA检测血清中HBeAg/IC,以套式多聚酶链反应(n-PCR)检测血清中HBVDNA;3'碱基特异PCR(3'-BS-PCR)判断变异HBV(A1896),探讨HBeAg阴性与HBeAg/IC形成及A1896的关系,评价HBeAg/IC检测的临床意义.

    1 对象和方法
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    1.1 对象 117例慢性HBV感染者系1997-08/1998-04我传染科住院和门诊随访患者,男81例,女36例,年龄17岁~59岁,血清HBsAg阳性,诊断依据1995年北京第五届全国传染病与寄生虫病学术会议制定的《病毒性肝炎防治方案》. 20例正常对照为本校医学生和健康查体者,HBsAg阴性,肝功正常. 所有病例IgM抗-HAV,抗-HCV,抗-HEV阴性.

    1.2 方法 采静脉血,分离血清,-20℃保存统一检测.

    1.2.1 HBeAg/IC检测(ELISA) 单克隆抗-HBe(3G8细胞株)1∶8000稀释包被,4℃过夜(设阴性、阳性及空白对照),洗涤后加50μL待检血清,50μLPBS/孔,37℃水浴1h后洗涤,再加HRP标记抗人IgG 100μL/孔,37℃ 水浴1h,洗涤后显色测OD450nm,S/N≥2.1为阳性[5].

, 百拇医药     1.2.2 血清HBV DNA检测(n-PCR) 引物依HBV基因组S区设计,第二次扩增产物电泳后出现206bp条带为阳性[6].

    1.2.3 HBV变异株(A1896)的检测 采用3'碱基特异PCR(3'-BS-PCR),引物序列见表1.

    表1 3'-BS-PCR引物序列 序号

    核酸位置

    序 列

    Ⅰ

    1879~1896

    5'-GTGCCTTGGGTGGCTTTG-3'

    Ⅱ
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    1879~1896

    5'-GTGCCTTGGGTGGCTTTA-3'

    Ⅲ

    2270~2287

    3'-CACACCTAAGCGTGAGGA-5'

    自血清中抽提DNA为模板,Ⅰ+Ⅲ引物扩增阳性为野毒株(G1896),Ⅱ+Ⅲ扩增阳性为变异株(A1896). 为增加扩增特异性,严格控制退火温度为64℃(经预试验确定). 扩增产物电泳后出现408bp条带为阳性[7,8].

    1.2.4 HBsAg,HBeAg,抗-HBe,IgM抗-HAV,抗-HCV,抗-HEV均以ELISA检测.
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    统计学处理 采用卡方检验.

    2 结果

    2.1 HBeAg/IC 阳性血清中HBVDNA检出率为91.3%(21/23)明显高于HBeAg/IC阴性血清(36.2%,34/94),P<0.001,见表2.

    表2 HBeAg/IC和HBV DNA检出情况比较 HBeAg/IC

    HBV DNA

    +

    -

    +

    21

    2
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    -

    34

    60

    χ2=21.7,P<0.001.

    2.2 29份HBeAg阴性、HBVDNA阳性血清中,仅5例(17.2%)检出A1896,且其中2例与G1896混合感染伴HBeAg/IC阳性;17例(58.7%)为HBeAg阳性G1896感染,见图1. 58.7%

    24.1%

    6.9%

    10.3%

    A
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    B

    C

    D

    A:G1896伴HBeAg/IC C:G1896+A1896伴HBeAg/IC

    B:G1896无HBeAg/IC D:A1896无HBeAg/IC

    图1 HBeAg-/HBV DNA+血清G1896. A1896. HBeAg/IC检出情况.

    2.3 抗-HBe阳性 (包括HBeAg/IC阳性)血清中A1896检出率(25%,6/24)高于抗-HBe阴性血清(3.2%,1/31),见表3.
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    表3 抗-HBe与A1896的关系 A1896

    抗-HBe

    +

    -

    +

    6

    1

    -

    18

    30

    χ2=3.98,P<0.05.

    3 讨论
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    HBeAg/IC为HBV复制指标. 本文HBeAg阳性血清中HBV DNA检出率(91.3%)显著高于HBeAg/IC阴性血清(36.2%),P<0.001. 目前采用双抗体夹心法检测血清中HBeAg,并常以HBeAg作为病毒复制、传染性的标志. 然而,HBeAg/IC形成可致夹心法不能检出复合物中的HBeAg,存在局限性[4,5,9]. 本文建立的单克隆抗-HBe固相ELISA方法简单、敏感、特异,可作为临床判断HBV复制的另一个标志,克服HBeAg检测的局限性,尤其适合于无条件查血清HBV DNA而HBeAg又为阴性者.

    业已证实,HBV前C区突变可阻断HBeAg合成或分泌,是血清HBeAg阴性、HBV DNA阳性的原因之一[1,2,10]. HBeAg缺陷变异株最常见于核苷酸第1896位点突变(G为A替换),使第28位色氨酸密码(TGG)转换为终止密码(TAG). 本文采用3'-碱基特异多聚酶链反应(3'-BS-PCR)确定A1896变异,检测29例HBeAg阴性、HBV DNA阳性血清,结果显示仅5例(17.2%)检出A1896(而且其中2例为与G1896混合感染伴HBeAg/IC阳性),17例(58.7%)HBeAg/IC阳性,提示临床所见HBeAg阴性,HBV DNA阳性者中多数仍为野毒株(G1896)感染,因HBeAg/IC形成致夹心法查HBeAg阴性,少数为A1896变异株感染.
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    许多研究认为,HBV前C变异发生与抗-HBe应答密切相关,抗-HBe是选择HBeAg缺陷变异株的条件[11,12]. 本文结果见抗-HBe阳性血清A1896检出率明显高于抗-HBe阴性血清,P<0.05(25.0% vs 3.2%),证实抗-HBe应答与A1896相关. 抗-HBe出现意味HBeAg特异Th活化,其产生之Th2类细胞因子促B细胞活化产生抗-HBe,Th1类细胞因子诱导CTL活化识别感染细胞表面HBeAg,清除HBV同时导致肝细胞破坏. HBeAg缺陷变异株感染肝细胞表面无HBeAg,逃避免疫攻击而被选择,可见抗-HBe可能为A1896产生的促进因素.

    总之,HBeAg/IC可作为HBV复制指标;HBeAg阴性、HBVDNA阳性患者多数仍为野毒株感染,因HBeAg/IC形成致HBeAg无法检出;A1896为HBeAg阴性、HBVDNA阳性的原因之一,但不象是主要原因,A1896出现与抗-HBe应答相关.
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    4 参考文献

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    2 Wlus SA, Lok A. Natural occurring hepatitis B core gene mutation. Hepatology, 1990;22(1):50-60

    3 Maruyama T, Mclanchlan A, Lino S. Serological of chronic hepatitis B infection revisited. J Clin Invest, 1993;91(9):2586-2595
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    4 Maruyama T, Lin S, Koike K. Serology of acute exacerbation in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Gastroenterology, 1993;105(6):1141-1151

    5 张树林,仟建林,刘宇卉,狄鹏超. HBe/IC与肝损伤的关系. 中华肝脏病杂志,1988;6(2):106-107

    6 Zhang SL, Han XB, Yue YF. The relation between HBV viremia level of pregnant women and intrauterine infection—nested PCR for detection of HBV DNA. WJG, 1998;4(1):61-63

    7 Gerger B. Comparison of mutation specific PCR and direct sequencing of PCR produets for the detection of the HBV pre-C stop codon. Hepatology, 1992;16(2):102A
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    8 王小飞,刘华瑞,王锦蓉. 乙型肝炎和肝癌患者乙型肝炎病毒前C区1896位点突变研究. 中华传染病杂志,1996;14(1):11-14

    9 Maruyama T, Kuwata S, Koike K. Precore wild type DNA and immune complex persist in chronic hepatitis B after seroconversion: no association between genome conversion and seroconversion. Hepatology, 1998;27(1):245-253

    10 Okamoto A, Yotsumoto S, Akahane Y. Hepatitis B viruses with pre-core region defects prevail in persistently infected hosts along with seroconversion to the antibody against e antigen. Virology, 1990;64(5):1298-1301
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    11 田琦琦,骆抗先,陈伟华. HBV前C区变异与HBe转换和慢性肝炎的预后. 中华传染病杂志,1996;14(1):45-46

    12 Xuan Thanh N. Hepatitis may precede the occurence of precore region mutation in HBV genome during infect young carriers. J Med Virol, 1994;44(2):200-205

    通讯作者 张树林,710061,西安医科大学第一临床医学院肝炎研究室.

    Correspondence to:ZHANG Shu-Lin, Hepatitis Lab, First Clinical College, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China

    收稿日期 1998-07-09, 百拇医药