脑肿瘤显微手术中半导体激光的应用——附16例分析
作者:岳武 吴怀兰 宋学明 李艳敏 杨敏
单位:哈尔滨医科大学第一临床医学院神经外科(150001)
关键词:脑肿瘤;激光手术
中国激光医学杂志990306摘要
目的 总结在显微外科应用半导体激光器治疗颅内肿瘤的经验和体会。
方法 16例患者中,脑膜瘤6例,脑胶质瘤5例,垂体腺瘤3例,脑室内室管膜瘤2例。半导体激光波长810nm,输出功率
0.5~60W。显微镜下行激光手术,用8W激光照射肿瘤被膜和表面,使被膜和表面血管皱缩闭塞;用15W激光切割、汽化肿瘤组织;用8~10W激光分离与肿瘤粘连的神经和血管;用30W激光烧灼、炭化被肿瘤侵及的大脑镰或颅骨;用10~15W激光切割、汽化脑室内肿瘤。肿瘤侵及肌肉,用8W激光行间质热疗。脑胶质瘤患者术后加放疗。
, 百拇医药
结果 16例患者中15例肿瘤全切除,随访6~30个月无复发;1例脑膜瘤颅内外相沟通,侵及眶和咬肌,与咬肌粘连无法分离,不能全切除,故行间质热疗,术后加放疗,随访21个月无复发。
结论 在手术显微镜下,半导体激光器的光纤可达到显露的脑肿瘤部位,可根据需要选用不同治疗模式迅速凝固、切割、汽化病变组织,提高肿瘤切除率,值得临床考虑推广应用。
Application of Diode Laser in Microneurosurgery of Brain Tumors:
A Preliminary Report of 16 Cases
YUE Wu, WU Huailan, SONG Xueming, LI Yanmin, YANG Min
Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001
, 百拇医药
ABSTRACT
Objective To report the experience of clinical therapy of diode laser in microneurosurgery to remove brain tumors in 16 cases.
Methods There were 6 cases of meningioma, 7 cases of glioma and 3 cases of pituitary adenoma. A diode laser (Biomed) with the wavelength of 810 nm was used and its power output was in a range of 0.5-60 W. Non-contact, contact or interstital irradiation were used during the operation procedure. We used 8W laser to deal with the envelop and surface of the tumor to make their blood vessels shrunk or occluded, 15W laser to cut and vaporize the tumor tissue, 8-10W to separate the nerves and blood vessels from tumor tissue and 30W to caute rize and carbonize the cerebral falx and skull that were invaded by tumor infilt ration. As to the intra-ventricular tumor, we used 10-15W laser to cut and vap ourize it and 8W laser to deal with the tumor tissues invaded into the muscle.
, http://www.100md.com
Results The tumors were totally removed in 15 cases and sub-totally removed in 1 case due to that the tumor invaded both the orbit and masseter muscle and could not be separated from masseter muscle. We performed interstitial irradiation as well as post-operative radiotherapy. Pathological examination showed it was a fibrous type meningioma and tumor cells grew actively . No recurrence of the tumor was observed at 21 months after operation and the patient was able to undertake field work.
, http://www.100md.com
Conclusions Using the diode laser under microsurgery, brain tumors could well be exposed and rapidly coagulated, excised or vaporized. This method is easy to operate and safe, and may perfectly provide both coagulation and vapo rization functions.
Key words Brain neoplasms; Laser surgery
我科于1997年3月至1998年6月间,应用半导体激光显微手术治疗脑肿瘤16例,收到满意效果。报道如下。
对象和方法
1.临床资料 16例脑肿瘤患者,男性7例,女性9例;年龄14~63岁。脑膜瘤6例,肿瘤位于蝶骨嵴2例,大脑镰旁额叶和顶枕各1例,颅底与颅内外沟通2例;脑胶质瘤5例,位于额叶2例,累及岛叶和颞叶各1例,星形细胞瘤呈囊性变1例;垂体腺瘤3例;脑室内室管膜瘤2例。主要临床症状、体征:头痛、呕吐9例,视乳头水肿6例,偏侧肌力减弱4例,性功能障碍2例,颞侧偏盲2例,原发性视神经萎缩1例,动眼、外展和三叉神经同时受累1例。所有病人术前均行头颅CT和/或CT增强扫描。星形细胞瘤呈囊性变者有增强效果,边界清楚,囊壁呈环形增强、肿瘤结节有增强,囊腔部分低密度。7例行脑磁共振成像(MRI)检查,其中3例为垂体腺瘤,4例为脑膜瘤(2例蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤,2例与颅内外沟通脑膜瘤),可清楚显示出肿瘤与视神经、颈动脉关系及蝶窦形态。2例颅内外沟通脑膜瘤行数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,见颈内动脉被推移、颈外动脉供血及肿瘤染色;头颅平片示颅底有骨质破坏。
, http://www.100md.com
2.仪器 采用英国Diomed公司生产的GaAlAs半导体激光器,波长810nm,功率0.5~60W,有接触式、非接触式和插入式三种治疗方法。
3.手术方法 采用全麻显微镜下手术。常规做相应头皮切口,显露肿瘤后,将光纤头沾血,施以10W激光使血液在光纤头形成微薄炭化层备用。对脑膜瘤,采用非接触式方式,使光纤或探头距病变组织0.5cm左右,先用8W激光照射,使肿瘤包膜和表面血管皱缩闭塞,然后用15W激光从肿瘤中心分块切割、汽化,待周边瘤组织向内塌陷时,再分离与肿瘤相连的正常脑组织。肿瘤与血管、神经或眼球有粘连时,用8~10W激光小心分离、汽化瘤组织,严防伤及血管、神经和眼球后脂肪。肿瘤蒂(尤其是脑膜瘤)与大脑镰粘连或侵及颅骨时,可用30W激光汽化或炭化残余瘤组织,达到镜下“全切除”肿瘤。肿瘤侵及肌肉且粘连无法分离者,可将光纤插入到肌肉内行间质热疗。对实质性脑胶质瘤或垂体腺瘤,参照脑膜瘤手术方法进行肿瘤切除。囊性变肿瘤如星形细胞瘤,用激光在囊上切开,吸除囊液后,改用15W激光切割、汽化肿瘤实质部分或壁结。脑室内肿瘤用10~15W激光行分块切割和汽化。用8W激光接触式照射止血。脑室内血液及凝血块要清除干净,用激光切除所能见到的脉络丛。
, 百拇医药
结 果
16例患者中,15例获肿瘤全切除,并经头颅CT或MRI证实肿瘤影像消失,胶质瘤术后接受放疗。经6~30个月随访,未见肿瘤复发。另1例为颅内外沟通脑膜瘤,病理检查证实瘤细胞生长活跃,侵及眶和咬肌,与咬肌粘连无法剥离,未能全切除,改用激光间质热疗法,术后加放疗,随访21个月,病人可参加田间劳动,头颅MRI复查未见肿瘤复发,仅遗留开口轻度受限。
讨 论
英国Diomed公司生产的60W高功率半导体激光器,是90年代新产品,激光波长810nm,易被色素组织吸收,穿通深度介于CO2激光和Nd∶YAG激光之间,可以通过单脉冲、重复脉冲或连续光用非接触式、接触式或插入式进行治疗,有准确瞄准光对病变定位,并通过易弯曲的光纤,在显微镜下可达到任何显露的病变部位,迅速凝固、切割、汽化病变组织,安全可靠。孙爱达等[1]报道腹腔镜下半导体激光手术治疗妇科疾病,张宝泉等[2]报道半导体激光治疗呼吸暂停综合征均收到良好效果。张宝泉等并对CO2激光、Nd∶YAG激光和半导体激光三者临床效果进行比较,认为半导体激光有凝固、汽化融为一体的独到之处。本组16例脑肿瘤患者半导体激光显微手术的观察结果,也表明半导体激光对组织损伤小,凝固、汽化病变效果佳。半导体激光手术在神经外科有较广泛适应证[3],如颅内肿瘤和血管畸形、脊髓肿瘤和血管畸形、颅内蛛网膜囊肿、头面部软组织血管畸形等;也可应用半导体激光进行脑立体定向手术,或用作激光间质热疗法。我们体会,半导体激光在使用前,在光纤和探头上涂一薄层血液,并用功率10W的激光使之形成微薄炭化层,热量可更集中。另外在使用时,光纤或探头一定要与病变组织垂直,勿用其侧面进行凝固、切割和汽化,因为侧面功率小,影响手术进度。
参考文献
1 孙爱达,王友芳,李彩娟,等.腹腔镜下半导体激光手术治疗妇科疾病.中国激光医学杂志,1996,5:140-142.
2 张宝泉,黄席珍,高孟林,等.半导体激光门诊治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的临床研究.中国激光医学杂志,1996,5:143-145.
3 龚卓,王勉镜,高孟林,等.高功率半导体激光的临床实用率回顾与分析.中国激光医学杂志,1997,6:162-163.
(收稿日期:1998-12-08), 百拇医药
单位:哈尔滨医科大学第一临床医学院神经外科(150001)
关键词:脑肿瘤;激光手术
中国激光医学杂志990306摘要
目的 总结在显微外科应用半导体激光器治疗颅内肿瘤的经验和体会。
方法 16例患者中,脑膜瘤6例,脑胶质瘤5例,垂体腺瘤3例,脑室内室管膜瘤2例。半导体激光波长810nm,输出功率
0.5~60W。显微镜下行激光手术,用8W激光照射肿瘤被膜和表面,使被膜和表面血管皱缩闭塞;用15W激光切割、汽化肿瘤组织;用8~10W激光分离与肿瘤粘连的神经和血管;用30W激光烧灼、炭化被肿瘤侵及的大脑镰或颅骨;用10~15W激光切割、汽化脑室内肿瘤。肿瘤侵及肌肉,用8W激光行间质热疗。脑胶质瘤患者术后加放疗。
, 百拇医药
结果 16例患者中15例肿瘤全切除,随访6~30个月无复发;1例脑膜瘤颅内外相沟通,侵及眶和咬肌,与咬肌粘连无法分离,不能全切除,故行间质热疗,术后加放疗,随访21个月无复发。
结论 在手术显微镜下,半导体激光器的光纤可达到显露的脑肿瘤部位,可根据需要选用不同治疗模式迅速凝固、切割、汽化病变组织,提高肿瘤切除率,值得临床考虑推广应用。
Application of Diode Laser in Microneurosurgery of Brain Tumors:
A Preliminary Report of 16 Cases
YUE Wu, WU Huailan, SONG Xueming, LI Yanmin, YANG Min
Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001
, 百拇医药
ABSTRACT
Objective To report the experience of clinical therapy of diode laser in microneurosurgery to remove brain tumors in 16 cases.
Methods There were 6 cases of meningioma, 7 cases of glioma and 3 cases of pituitary adenoma. A diode laser (Biomed) with the wavelength of 810 nm was used and its power output was in a range of 0.5-60 W. Non-contact, contact or interstital irradiation were used during the operation procedure. We used 8W laser to deal with the envelop and surface of the tumor to make their blood vessels shrunk or occluded, 15W laser to cut and vaporize the tumor tissue, 8-10W to separate the nerves and blood vessels from tumor tissue and 30W to caute rize and carbonize the cerebral falx and skull that were invaded by tumor infilt ration. As to the intra-ventricular tumor, we used 10-15W laser to cut and vap ourize it and 8W laser to deal with the tumor tissues invaded into the muscle.
, http://www.100md.com
Results The tumors were totally removed in 15 cases and sub-totally removed in 1 case due to that the tumor invaded both the orbit and masseter muscle and could not be separated from masseter muscle. We performed interstitial irradiation as well as post-operative radiotherapy. Pathological examination showed it was a fibrous type meningioma and tumor cells grew actively . No recurrence of the tumor was observed at 21 months after operation and the patient was able to undertake field work.
, http://www.100md.com
Conclusions Using the diode laser under microsurgery, brain tumors could well be exposed and rapidly coagulated, excised or vaporized. This method is easy to operate and safe, and may perfectly provide both coagulation and vapo rization functions.
Key words Brain neoplasms; Laser surgery
我科于1997年3月至1998年6月间,应用半导体激光显微手术治疗脑肿瘤16例,收到满意效果。报道如下。
对象和方法
1.临床资料 16例脑肿瘤患者,男性7例,女性9例;年龄14~63岁。脑膜瘤6例,肿瘤位于蝶骨嵴2例,大脑镰旁额叶和顶枕各1例,颅底与颅内外沟通2例;脑胶质瘤5例,位于额叶2例,累及岛叶和颞叶各1例,星形细胞瘤呈囊性变1例;垂体腺瘤3例;脑室内室管膜瘤2例。主要临床症状、体征:头痛、呕吐9例,视乳头水肿6例,偏侧肌力减弱4例,性功能障碍2例,颞侧偏盲2例,原发性视神经萎缩1例,动眼、外展和三叉神经同时受累1例。所有病人术前均行头颅CT和/或CT增强扫描。星形细胞瘤呈囊性变者有增强效果,边界清楚,囊壁呈环形增强、肿瘤结节有增强,囊腔部分低密度。7例行脑磁共振成像(MRI)检查,其中3例为垂体腺瘤,4例为脑膜瘤(2例蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤,2例与颅内外沟通脑膜瘤),可清楚显示出肿瘤与视神经、颈动脉关系及蝶窦形态。2例颅内外沟通脑膜瘤行数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,见颈内动脉被推移、颈外动脉供血及肿瘤染色;头颅平片示颅底有骨质破坏。
, http://www.100md.com
2.仪器 采用英国Diomed公司生产的GaAlAs半导体激光器,波长810nm,功率0.5~60W,有接触式、非接触式和插入式三种治疗方法。
3.手术方法 采用全麻显微镜下手术。常规做相应头皮切口,显露肿瘤后,将光纤头沾血,施以10W激光使血液在光纤头形成微薄炭化层备用。对脑膜瘤,采用非接触式方式,使光纤或探头距病变组织0.5cm左右,先用8W激光照射,使肿瘤包膜和表面血管皱缩闭塞,然后用15W激光从肿瘤中心分块切割、汽化,待周边瘤组织向内塌陷时,再分离与肿瘤相连的正常脑组织。肿瘤与血管、神经或眼球有粘连时,用8~10W激光小心分离、汽化瘤组织,严防伤及血管、神经和眼球后脂肪。肿瘤蒂(尤其是脑膜瘤)与大脑镰粘连或侵及颅骨时,可用30W激光汽化或炭化残余瘤组织,达到镜下“全切除”肿瘤。肿瘤侵及肌肉且粘连无法分离者,可将光纤插入到肌肉内行间质热疗。对实质性脑胶质瘤或垂体腺瘤,参照脑膜瘤手术方法进行肿瘤切除。囊性变肿瘤如星形细胞瘤,用激光在囊上切开,吸除囊液后,改用15W激光切割、汽化肿瘤实质部分或壁结。脑室内肿瘤用10~15W激光行分块切割和汽化。用8W激光接触式照射止血。脑室内血液及凝血块要清除干净,用激光切除所能见到的脉络丛。
, 百拇医药
结 果
16例患者中,15例获肿瘤全切除,并经头颅CT或MRI证实肿瘤影像消失,胶质瘤术后接受放疗。经6~30个月随访,未见肿瘤复发。另1例为颅内外沟通脑膜瘤,病理检查证实瘤细胞生长活跃,侵及眶和咬肌,与咬肌粘连无法剥离,未能全切除,改用激光间质热疗法,术后加放疗,随访21个月,病人可参加田间劳动,头颅MRI复查未见肿瘤复发,仅遗留开口轻度受限。
讨 论
英国Diomed公司生产的60W高功率半导体激光器,是90年代新产品,激光波长810nm,易被色素组织吸收,穿通深度介于CO2激光和Nd∶YAG激光之间,可以通过单脉冲、重复脉冲或连续光用非接触式、接触式或插入式进行治疗,有准确瞄准光对病变定位,并通过易弯曲的光纤,在显微镜下可达到任何显露的病变部位,迅速凝固、切割、汽化病变组织,安全可靠。孙爱达等[1]报道腹腔镜下半导体激光手术治疗妇科疾病,张宝泉等[2]报道半导体激光治疗呼吸暂停综合征均收到良好效果。张宝泉等并对CO2激光、Nd∶YAG激光和半导体激光三者临床效果进行比较,认为半导体激光有凝固、汽化融为一体的独到之处。本组16例脑肿瘤患者半导体激光显微手术的观察结果,也表明半导体激光对组织损伤小,凝固、汽化病变效果佳。半导体激光手术在神经外科有较广泛适应证[3],如颅内肿瘤和血管畸形、脊髓肿瘤和血管畸形、颅内蛛网膜囊肿、头面部软组织血管畸形等;也可应用半导体激光进行脑立体定向手术,或用作激光间质热疗法。我们体会,半导体激光在使用前,在光纤和探头上涂一薄层血液,并用功率10W的激光使之形成微薄炭化层,热量可更集中。另外在使用时,光纤或探头一定要与病变组织垂直,勿用其侧面进行凝固、切割和汽化,因为侧面功率小,影响手术进度。
参考文献
1 孙爱达,王友芳,李彩娟,等.腹腔镜下半导体激光手术治疗妇科疾病.中国激光医学杂志,1996,5:140-142.
2 张宝泉,黄席珍,高孟林,等.半导体激光门诊治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的临床研究.中国激光医学杂志,1996,5:143-145.
3 龚卓,王勉镜,高孟林,等.高功率半导体激光的临床实用率回顾与分析.中国激光医学杂志,1997,6:162-163.
(收稿日期:1998-12-08), 百拇医药