Th2优势应答与HBV慢性感染
作者:张树林 刘 敏 朱 江 柴宁莉
单位:西安医科大学第一临床医学院肝炎研究室 陕西省西安市 710061
关键词:肝炎,乙型;T-淋巴细胞;细胞因子
摘 要 目的 探讨慢性HBV感染中Th1摘 要
目的 探讨慢性HBV感染中Th1/Th2应答特征及其与乙肝病毒(HBV)侵犯外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)的关系.
方法 研究对象为60例慢性HBV感染者. ELISA法检测患者PBMC体外植物血凝素(PHAP)刺激培养上清液中Th1类细胞因子(IL-2,IFN-γ)和Th2类细胞因子(IL-4,IL-10),套式多聚酶链反应(n-PCR)检测PBMC中HBV DNA. 统计学处理采用t检验、方差分析和卡方检验.
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结果 66.67%(40/60)的慢性HBV感染者PBMC中检出HBV DNA,其中9例血清HBV DNA阴性;慢性HBV感染者PBMC分泌Th1类细胞因子量明显低于正常对照,P<0.01(pg/mL,IL-2:54.40±17.92 vs 74.53±17.73),Th2类细胞因子显著高于对照组,P<0.01(pg/mL,IL-4:98.23±23.27 vs 29.57±11.36,IL-10:pg/mL,56.77±19.02 vs 25.30±8.87);PBMC中HBV DNA阳性组与阴性组比较,IL-2水平相对高,P<0.01(pg/mL,64.40±23.73 vs 40.40±15.89),而IL-10相对低,P<0.05(pg/mL,53.85±18.54 vs 64.60±19.11),且见PBMC中HBV DNA阳性血清ALT异常发生率(47.5%,19/40)显著高于阴性组(15.0%,3/20),P<0.05.
结论 慢性HBV感染时,HBV侵犯PBMC为常见事件,血清HBV DNA消失后PBMC中仍可有HBV存在;Th2优势应答为慢性HBV感染的主要Th1/Th2应答,与感染慢性化有关;HBV侵犯PBMC可改变Th1/Th2应答,在Th2优势应答前提下,Th1应答相对升高,Th2应答相对降低,与肝细胞损伤加重有关.
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中国图书馆分类号 R512.62
Predominant Th2 immune response and chronic hepatitis B virus infection
ZHANG Shu-Lin, LIU Min, ZHU Jiang, and CHAI Ning-Li
Hepatitis Lab, First Clinical College, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
Subject headings hepatitis B; T-lymphocyte; cytokines
Abstract
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AIM To explore the characteristics of Th1/Th2 immune response in patients with chronic HBV infection and its relation with the invasion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) by hepatitis B virus .
METHODS Sixty patients with chronic HBV infection were investigated in this study. The Th1-like cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ)and Th2-like cytokines (IL-4, IL-10), produced by PBMC stimulated with phytohemagglutinin-P(PHA-P) in vitro, were measured by ELISA (Kits from Endogen, USA). HBV DNA in serum and PBMC was detected with nested polymerase chain reaction(n-PCR). The results were analyzed statistically(t test, analysis of variance, and chi-square test).
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RESULTS Forty of 60 patients (66.67%) with chronic HBV infection have HBV DNA in their PBMC, 9 of these 40 patients have no HBV DNA in their sera; The production of Th1-like cytokine by PBMC from patients with chronic HBV infection is lower than that from controls, P<0.01 (pg/mL, IL-2: 54.40±17.92 vs 74.53±17.73). The Th2-like cytokines were much higher than that from controls,P<0.01 (IL-4: pg/mL, 98.23±23.27 vs 29.57±11.36; IL-10: pg/mL, 56.77±19.02 vs 25.30±8.87); Compaired with patients who have no HBV DNA in PBMC, the IL-2 level is higher in patients with HBV DNA in PBMC, P<0.01 (pg/mL, 64.40±23.73 vs 40.40±15.89), IL-4 level is lower in patients with HBV DNA in PBMC, P<0.05 (pg/mL,53.85±18.54 vs 64.60±19.11). The rate of abrormal ALT is greatly higher in patients with HBV DNA in PBMC than that in patients without HBV DNA in PBMC(47.5% vs 15.0%).
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CONCLUSION The invasion of PBMC by HBV is common event in patients with chronic HBV infection; Th2 immune response is prodominant in chronic HBV infection and it is related to chronicity of HBV infection; The invasion of PBMC by HBV may change Th1/Th2 immune response, under the Th2 prodominant response Th1 response increase and Th2 response decrease and this (Th1/Th2 response) change may result in liver cell damage.
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0 引言
病原体感染时,机体一般优先或主要产生清除这类病原体所需的免疫应答,相应的Th细胞亚群占主导地位. 胞外感染病源体主要靠体液免疫清除,一般Th2优势发展,而胞内感染病原体主要靠细胞免疫应答清除,Th1起主要作用. 自限性HBV感染急性期Th1应答为主,恢复期呈Th0反应(Th1和Th2类细胞因子共同分泌)[1]. 慢性乙肝活动期Th1细胞应答升高,缓解期Th2应答升高[2,3]. HBV侵犯PBMC并在其中复制已被证实,而这种侵犯与Th1/Th2应答关系未见报道. 我们以ELISA法检测Th1和Th2类细胞因子,n-PCR法检测PBMC中HBV DNA,探讨慢性HBV感染时Th1/Th2应答特征及其与HBV侵犯PBMC的关系.
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1 材料和方法
1.1 材料 60例慢性HBV感染者(男48例,女12例,年龄13岁~52岁)系1997-12/1998-04我院传染科门诊随访,HBsAg阳性6mo以上患者. 正常对照26例(男20例,女6例,年龄18岁~52岁)系HBsAg阴性,肝功正常,无肝炎病史及肝炎症状和体征的健康体检者,所有病例IgM抗-HAV、抗-HCV、抗-HDV、抗-HEV阴性,并排除其他原因(药物、酒精、中毒等)所致肝损伤.
1.2 方法 无菌采静脉血13mL,3mL抗凝分离血清,-20℃保存,统一检测HBsAg和HBV DNA. 10mL抗凝,密度梯度法分离PBMC,未次洗液-20℃保存. 分离的PBMC(活细胞>95%,单个核细胞>98%)加完全培养液(1640液9份、灭活小牛血清1份,PHA-P 5μg/mL)调细胞浓度为106/mL, 37℃,5% CO2培养48h后,1500r/min离心,培养上清-20℃保存,统一检测细胞因子,沉淀细胞加生理盐水调为2×107/mL的细胞悬液-20℃冷存,统一检测HBV DNA.
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1.2.1 培养上清液中IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-4,IL-10检测采用夹心ELISA法,药盒购自美国Endogen公司,严格按说明书操作. 依标准品OD值做标准曲线,再计算待检样品细胞因子含量(ng/L).
1.2.2 HBV DNA检测 自血清、未次洗液、PBMC中抽提DNA为模板,采用n-PCR法查HBV DNA,套式引物系我室自行设计,上海细胞生物学研究所合成,第二次扩增产物电泳后出现206bp条带为阳性[4].
HBsAg,IgM抗-HAV,抗-HCV采用RIA法检测,抗-HDV,抗-HEV采用ELISA法检测.
统计学处理用卡方检验,t检验和方差分析.
2 结果
2.1 慢性HBV感染者PBMC中HBV DNA检出率(40/60例)高于血清中检出率(32/60例),P<0.01(66.67% vs 53.33%). 血清HBV DNA阳性32例中仅1例PBMC中未检出HBV DNA,而9例PBMC中HBV DNA阳性者血清HBV DNA阴性.
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2.2 慢性HBV感染者PBMC培养上清中IL-2含量明显低于对照组(P<0.01),IFN-γ低但无显著差异(P>0.05);IL-4和IL-10含量均高于对照组(P<0.01),见表1.
表1 细胞因子检测结果比较 (ng/L)
组别
n
IFN-γ
IL-2
IL-4
IL-10
正常对照
26
, http://www.100md.com 86.53±22.91
74.53±17.73
29.57±11.36
25.53±8.87
慢性HBV感染
60
83.57±19.56
54.40±17.92
98.23±23.37
56.77±19.02
PBMC中HBV DNA
阳性
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40
83.85±24.39
64.40±23.73
96.80±21.55
53.85±18.53
阴性
20
83.00±16.96
40.40±15.89
101.10±23.73
64.60±19.11
2.3 与正常对照比较,慢性HBV感染者无论其PBMC中HBV DNA存在与否均见IL-4,IL-10含量明显高于对照(P<0.01),而IL-2在PBMC中HBV DNA阳性组低于对照组但无统计学差异(P>0.05),HBV DNA阴性组IL-2低于对照,差异显著(P<0.05);PBMC中HBV DNA阳性组与阴性组比较,IL-2明显高(P<0.01),IL-10明显低(P<0.05),IL-4低但无统计学差异(P>0.05);IFN-γ含量各组间比较均未见显著差异(P>0.05),见表1.
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2.4 慢性HBV感染者中,PBMC中HBV DNA阳性组ALT异常率(19/40例)明显高于阴性组(3/20),P<0.05(47.5%vs 15.0%).
3 讨论
3.1 慢性HBV感染时,HBV侵犯PBMC常见 本文66.67%的慢性感染者PBMC中检出HBV DNA,与文献报道一致[5]. PBMC中HBV DNA检出率高于血清,P<0.01(66.67% vs 53.33%),9例血清HBV DNA阴性者的PBMC中检出HBV DNA. 可见,即使血清中病毒消失HBV仍可存在于PBMC中. Mason et al见干扰素治疗血清HBV DNA转阴后46mo仍可用PCR法检出PBMC中HBV DNA[6]. Bartolome et al证实肝内HBV DNA消失与PBMC中HBV DNA消失相关[7]. Brind et al在原位肝移植中证实PBMC HBV可作为移植后再感染的来源[8]. 总之,HBV侵犯PBMC不仅是慢性HBV感染的常见事件而且血清中病毒消失后HBV仍可存在于PBMC中并且复制,成为再感染的来源,在某些情况下检测PBMC中HBV DNA有重要临床意义.
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3.2 Th2优势应答是慢性HBV感染Th应答的模式本文慢性HBV感染者PBMC产生细胞因子以Th2类为主,IL-4,IL-10水平均显著高于对照组,P<0.01,而Th1类细胞因子(IL-2)明显低于对照组,P<0.01. Bertoletti et al研究见,慢性HBV感染肝内T细胞主要表现为Th0功能,同时分泌Th1和Th2类细胞因子,肝内大多数CD+4T为Th,且主要产生Th2类细胞因子,自肝内克隆出的T细胞体外PHA刺激后,IL-4,IL-5分泌明显增高,而IFN-γ分泌很少[9],这与本文结果相似. 许多研究表明,胞内感染性疾病时宿主Th2应答占优势则发展为慢性感染并与疾病进展有关,如HIV感染、麻风等. HBV感染慢性化与Th2优势应答相关,Th2类细胞因子下调Th1应答使HBV得以持续感染.
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3.3 HBV侵犯PBMC可使Th1应答相对增强,Th2应答相对降低,导致肝细胞损伤加重. PBMC中HBV DNA阳性组IL-2产生量虽低于对照但无统计学差异,HBV DNA阴性则显著低于对照(P<0.05),HBV DNA阳性组IL-2量显著高于阴性组(P<0.01). IL-10量在PBMC中HBV DNA阳性组低于阴性组(P<0.05),两组均低于正常对照组(P<0.01). 这些结果提示,HBV侵犯PBMC使Th1应答相对增强,Th2应答相对降低,这可能与慢性HBV感染中肝细胞损伤加重有关. 本文PBMC中HBV DNA阳性组ALT异常发生显著高于阴性组,P<0.05(47.5% vs 15.0%),支持这种观点. Fuknda et al见慢性乙肝活动期肝组织中IL-2,IFN-γ的mRNA表达与血清ALT水平正相关,缓解期IL-4 mRNA表达明显增高[2]. Barnada et al自慢性乙肝活动期肝内克隆出的T细胞分泌IFN-γ,IL-2和TNF-α,表现很强的细胞毒活性[10]. 这些资料提示慢性HBV感染中HBV侵犯PBMC,使Th1应答相对增强,Th2应答相对降低,与活动性肝损伤有关.
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总之,HBV侵犯PBMC在慢性HBV感染中常见,血清中病毒消失HBV仍可存在于PBMC中;Th2优势应答与HBV感染慢性化有关,HBV侵犯PBMC可使在Th2优势应答前提下,Th1应答相对增强,Th2应答相对降低,这可能是慢性HBV感染活动性肝损伤的原因之一.
作者简介:张树林,男,1945-12-06生,吉林省长春市人,汉族. 1969年毕业于北京医科大学,教授,主任医师,发表论文54篇.
通讯作者 张树林,710061,陕西省西安市健康路1号,西安医科大学第一临床医学院肝炎研究室.
Correspondence to: ZHANG Shu-Lin, Hepatitis Lab. First Clinical College, Xi'an Medical University, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710061, China
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Tel. +86.29.5454771
4 参考文献
1 Penna A, Prete GD, Cavalli A, Bertoletti A, D'Elios MM, Sorrentino R. Predominant T-helper 1 cytokine profile of hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid-specific T cell in acute self-limited hepatitis B. Hepatology, 1997;25:1022-1027
2 Fukuda R, Ishimura N, Ngugen TX, Chowdhury A, Ishihara S, Kohge N. The expression of IL-2, IL-4 and interferon-gama (IFN-γ) mRNA using liver biopsies at different stages of acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B. Clin Exp Immunol, 1995;100:446-451
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3 Chisari FV, Ferrari C. Hepatitis B virus immunopathogenesis. Ann Rev Immunol, 1995;13:29-60
4 Zhang SL, Han XB, Yue YF. The relation between HBV viremia level of pregnant women and intrauterine infection-nested PCR for detection of HBV DNA. WJG, 1998;4:61-63
5 Crespo J, Lozano JL, Lopez-Arias MJ, Martin-Ramos L, Sanchez-Autolin G, Duenas C. Analysis of the DNA of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the serum and mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood in subjects with chronic infection by the HBV. Med Clin (Barc), 1994;103:561-566
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6 Moson A, Yoffe B, Noonan C, Mearns M, Campbell C, Kelley A, Perrillo R.Hepatitis B virus DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in chronic hepatitis B after HBsAg clearance. Hepatology, 1992;16:36-41
7 Bartolome J, Moraleda G, Molina J, Dominguze F, Porres JC, Carreno V. Hepatitis B virus DNA in liver and poripheral blood mononuclear cells during reduction in viral replication. Gastroenterology, 1990;99:1745-1750
8 Brind A, Jiang J, Samuel D, Gigou M, Feray C, Brechot C. Evidence for selection of hepatitis B mutants after liver transplantation through peripheral blood mononuclear cell infection. J Hepatol, 1997;26:228-235
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9 Bertoletti A, Delios MM, Boni C, Carolina B, Carli MD, Zignego AL, Durazzo M, Messale G, Penna A,Ferrai C. Different cytokine profiles of intrahepatic T cells in chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection. Gastroenterology, 1997;112:193-199
10 Barnaba V, Franco A, Paroli M, Benvenuto K, De Petrillo G, Burgio VL, Santilio L,Balsano C,Cappelli G. Seleetive expansion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes with a CD+4, CD+56 surface phenotype and a T helper type 1 profile of cytokine secretion in the liver of patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus. J Immunol, 1994;152:3074-3087
收稿日期 1999-03-30, http://www.100md.com
单位:西安医科大学第一临床医学院肝炎研究室 陕西省西安市 710061
关键词:肝炎,乙型;T-淋巴细胞;细胞因子
摘 要 目的 探讨慢性HBV感染中Th1摘 要
目的 探讨慢性HBV感染中Th1/Th2应答特征及其与乙肝病毒(HBV)侵犯外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)的关系.
方法 研究对象为60例慢性HBV感染者. ELISA法检测患者PBMC体外植物血凝素(PHAP)刺激培养上清液中Th1类细胞因子(IL-2,IFN-γ)和Th2类细胞因子(IL-4,IL-10),套式多聚酶链反应(n-PCR)检测PBMC中HBV DNA. 统计学处理采用t检验、方差分析和卡方检验.
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结果 66.67%(40/60)的慢性HBV感染者PBMC中检出HBV DNA,其中9例血清HBV DNA阴性;慢性HBV感染者PBMC分泌Th1类细胞因子量明显低于正常对照,P<0.01(pg/mL,IL-2:54.40±17.92 vs 74.53±17.73),Th2类细胞因子显著高于对照组,P<0.01(pg/mL,IL-4:98.23±23.27 vs 29.57±11.36,IL-10:pg/mL,56.77±19.02 vs 25.30±8.87);PBMC中HBV DNA阳性组与阴性组比较,IL-2水平相对高,P<0.01(pg/mL,64.40±23.73 vs 40.40±15.89),而IL-10相对低,P<0.05(pg/mL,53.85±18.54 vs 64.60±19.11),且见PBMC中HBV DNA阳性血清ALT异常发生率(47.5%,19/40)显著高于阴性组(15.0%,3/20),P<0.05.
结论 慢性HBV感染时,HBV侵犯PBMC为常见事件,血清HBV DNA消失后PBMC中仍可有HBV存在;Th2优势应答为慢性HBV感染的主要Th1/Th2应答,与感染慢性化有关;HBV侵犯PBMC可改变Th1/Th2应答,在Th2优势应答前提下,Th1应答相对升高,Th2应答相对降低,与肝细胞损伤加重有关.
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中国图书馆分类号 R512.62
Predominant Th2 immune response and chronic hepatitis B virus infection
ZHANG Shu-Lin, LIU Min, ZHU Jiang, and CHAI Ning-Li
Hepatitis Lab, First Clinical College, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
Subject headings hepatitis B; T-lymphocyte; cytokines
Abstract
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AIM To explore the characteristics of Th1/Th2 immune response in patients with chronic HBV infection and its relation with the invasion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) by hepatitis B virus .
METHODS Sixty patients with chronic HBV infection were investigated in this study. The Th1-like cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ)and Th2-like cytokines (IL-4, IL-10), produced by PBMC stimulated with phytohemagglutinin-P(PHA-P) in vitro, were measured by ELISA (Kits from Endogen, USA). HBV DNA in serum and PBMC was detected with nested polymerase chain reaction(n-PCR). The results were analyzed statistically(t test, analysis of variance, and chi-square test).
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RESULTS Forty of 60 patients (66.67%) with chronic HBV infection have HBV DNA in their PBMC, 9 of these 40 patients have no HBV DNA in their sera; The production of Th1-like cytokine by PBMC from patients with chronic HBV infection is lower than that from controls, P<0.01 (pg/mL, IL-2: 54.40±17.92 vs 74.53±17.73). The Th2-like cytokines were much higher than that from controls,P<0.01 (IL-4: pg/mL, 98.23±23.27 vs 29.57±11.36; IL-10: pg/mL, 56.77±19.02 vs 25.30±8.87); Compaired with patients who have no HBV DNA in PBMC, the IL-2 level is higher in patients with HBV DNA in PBMC, P<0.01 (pg/mL, 64.40±23.73 vs 40.40±15.89), IL-4 level is lower in patients with HBV DNA in PBMC, P<0.05 (pg/mL,53.85±18.54 vs 64.60±19.11). The rate of abrormal ALT is greatly higher in patients with HBV DNA in PBMC than that in patients without HBV DNA in PBMC(47.5% vs 15.0%).
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CONCLUSION The invasion of PBMC by HBV is common event in patients with chronic HBV infection; Th2 immune response is prodominant in chronic HBV infection and it is related to chronicity of HBV infection; The invasion of PBMC by HBV may change Th1/Th2 immune response, under the Th2 prodominant response Th1 response increase and Th2 response decrease and this (Th1/Th2 response) change may result in liver cell damage.
, 百拇医药
0 引言
病原体感染时,机体一般优先或主要产生清除这类病原体所需的免疫应答,相应的Th细胞亚群占主导地位. 胞外感染病源体主要靠体液免疫清除,一般Th2优势发展,而胞内感染病原体主要靠细胞免疫应答清除,Th1起主要作用. 自限性HBV感染急性期Th1应答为主,恢复期呈Th0反应(Th1和Th2类细胞因子共同分泌)[1]. 慢性乙肝活动期Th1细胞应答升高,缓解期Th2应答升高[2,3]. HBV侵犯PBMC并在其中复制已被证实,而这种侵犯与Th1/Th2应答关系未见报道. 我们以ELISA法检测Th1和Th2类细胞因子,n-PCR法检测PBMC中HBV DNA,探讨慢性HBV感染时Th1/Th2应答特征及其与HBV侵犯PBMC的关系.
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1 材料和方法
1.1 材料 60例慢性HBV感染者(男48例,女12例,年龄13岁~52岁)系1997-12/1998-04我院传染科门诊随访,HBsAg阳性6mo以上患者. 正常对照26例(男20例,女6例,年龄18岁~52岁)系HBsAg阴性,肝功正常,无肝炎病史及肝炎症状和体征的健康体检者,所有病例IgM抗-HAV、抗-HCV、抗-HDV、抗-HEV阴性,并排除其他原因(药物、酒精、中毒等)所致肝损伤.
1.2 方法 无菌采静脉血13mL,3mL抗凝分离血清,-20℃保存,统一检测HBsAg和HBV DNA. 10mL抗凝,密度梯度法分离PBMC,未次洗液-20℃保存. 分离的PBMC(活细胞>95%,单个核细胞>98%)加完全培养液(1640液9份、灭活小牛血清1份,PHA-P 5μg/mL)调细胞浓度为106/mL, 37℃,5% CO2培养48h后,1500r/min离心,培养上清-20℃保存,统一检测细胞因子,沉淀细胞加生理盐水调为2×107/mL的细胞悬液-20℃冷存,统一检测HBV DNA.
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1.2.1 培养上清液中IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-4,IL-10检测采用夹心ELISA法,药盒购自美国Endogen公司,严格按说明书操作. 依标准品OD值做标准曲线,再计算待检样品细胞因子含量(ng/L).
1.2.2 HBV DNA检测 自血清、未次洗液、PBMC中抽提DNA为模板,采用n-PCR法查HBV DNA,套式引物系我室自行设计,上海细胞生物学研究所合成,第二次扩增产物电泳后出现206bp条带为阳性[4].
HBsAg,IgM抗-HAV,抗-HCV采用RIA法检测,抗-HDV,抗-HEV采用ELISA法检测.
统计学处理用卡方检验,t检验和方差分析.
2 结果
2.1 慢性HBV感染者PBMC中HBV DNA检出率(40/60例)高于血清中检出率(32/60例),P<0.01(66.67% vs 53.33%). 血清HBV DNA阳性32例中仅1例PBMC中未检出HBV DNA,而9例PBMC中HBV DNA阳性者血清HBV DNA阴性.
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2.2 慢性HBV感染者PBMC培养上清中IL-2含量明显低于对照组(P<0.01),IFN-γ低但无显著差异(P>0.05);IL-4和IL-10含量均高于对照组(P<0.01),见表1.
表1 细胞因子检测结果比较 (ng/L)
组别
n
IFN-γ
IL-2
IL-4
IL-10
正常对照
26
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74.53±17.73
29.57±11.36
25.53±8.87
慢性HBV感染
60
83.57±19.56
54.40±17.92
98.23±23.37
56.77±19.02
PBMC中HBV DNA
阳性
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40
83.85±24.39
64.40±23.73
96.80±21.55
53.85±18.53
阴性
20
83.00±16.96
40.40±15.89
101.10±23.73
64.60±19.11
2.3 与正常对照比较,慢性HBV感染者无论其PBMC中HBV DNA存在与否均见IL-4,IL-10含量明显高于对照(P<0.01),而IL-2在PBMC中HBV DNA阳性组低于对照组但无统计学差异(P>0.05),HBV DNA阴性组IL-2低于对照,差异显著(P<0.05);PBMC中HBV DNA阳性组与阴性组比较,IL-2明显高(P<0.01),IL-10明显低(P<0.05),IL-4低但无统计学差异(P>0.05);IFN-γ含量各组间比较均未见显著差异(P>0.05),见表1.
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2.4 慢性HBV感染者中,PBMC中HBV DNA阳性组ALT异常率(19/40例)明显高于阴性组(3/20),P<0.05(47.5%vs 15.0%).
3 讨论
3.1 慢性HBV感染时,HBV侵犯PBMC常见 本文66.67%的慢性感染者PBMC中检出HBV DNA,与文献报道一致[5]. PBMC中HBV DNA检出率高于血清,P<0.01(66.67% vs 53.33%),9例血清HBV DNA阴性者的PBMC中检出HBV DNA. 可见,即使血清中病毒消失HBV仍可存在于PBMC中. Mason et al见干扰素治疗血清HBV DNA转阴后46mo仍可用PCR法检出PBMC中HBV DNA[6]. Bartolome et al证实肝内HBV DNA消失与PBMC中HBV DNA消失相关[7]. Brind et al在原位肝移植中证实PBMC HBV可作为移植后再感染的来源[8]. 总之,HBV侵犯PBMC不仅是慢性HBV感染的常见事件而且血清中病毒消失后HBV仍可存在于PBMC中并且复制,成为再感染的来源,在某些情况下检测PBMC中HBV DNA有重要临床意义.
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3.2 Th2优势应答是慢性HBV感染Th应答的模式本文慢性HBV感染者PBMC产生细胞因子以Th2类为主,IL-4,IL-10水平均显著高于对照组,P<0.01,而Th1类细胞因子(IL-2)明显低于对照组,P<0.01. Bertoletti et al研究见,慢性HBV感染肝内T细胞主要表现为Th0功能,同时分泌Th1和Th2类细胞因子,肝内大多数CD+4T为Th,且主要产生Th2类细胞因子,自肝内克隆出的T细胞体外PHA刺激后,IL-4,IL-5分泌明显增高,而IFN-γ分泌很少[9],这与本文结果相似. 许多研究表明,胞内感染性疾病时宿主Th2应答占优势则发展为慢性感染并与疾病进展有关,如HIV感染、麻风等. HBV感染慢性化与Th2优势应答相关,Th2类细胞因子下调Th1应答使HBV得以持续感染.
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3.3 HBV侵犯PBMC可使Th1应答相对增强,Th2应答相对降低,导致肝细胞损伤加重. PBMC中HBV DNA阳性组IL-2产生量虽低于对照但无统计学差异,HBV DNA阴性则显著低于对照(P<0.05),HBV DNA阳性组IL-2量显著高于阴性组(P<0.01). IL-10量在PBMC中HBV DNA阳性组低于阴性组(P<0.05),两组均低于正常对照组(P<0.01). 这些结果提示,HBV侵犯PBMC使Th1应答相对增强,Th2应答相对降低,这可能与慢性HBV感染中肝细胞损伤加重有关. 本文PBMC中HBV DNA阳性组ALT异常发生显著高于阴性组,P<0.05(47.5% vs 15.0%),支持这种观点. Fuknda et al见慢性乙肝活动期肝组织中IL-2,IFN-γ的mRNA表达与血清ALT水平正相关,缓解期IL-4 mRNA表达明显增高[2]. Barnada et al自慢性乙肝活动期肝内克隆出的T细胞分泌IFN-γ,IL-2和TNF-α,表现很强的细胞毒活性[10]. 这些资料提示慢性HBV感染中HBV侵犯PBMC,使Th1应答相对增强,Th2应答相对降低,与活动性肝损伤有关.
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总之,HBV侵犯PBMC在慢性HBV感染中常见,血清中病毒消失HBV仍可存在于PBMC中;Th2优势应答与HBV感染慢性化有关,HBV侵犯PBMC可使在Th2优势应答前提下,Th1应答相对增强,Th2应答相对降低,这可能是慢性HBV感染活动性肝损伤的原因之一.
作者简介:张树林,男,1945-12-06生,吉林省长春市人,汉族. 1969年毕业于北京医科大学,教授,主任医师,发表论文54篇.
通讯作者 张树林,710061,陕西省西安市健康路1号,西安医科大学第一临床医学院肝炎研究室.
Correspondence to: ZHANG Shu-Lin, Hepatitis Lab. First Clinical College, Xi'an Medical University, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710061, China
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4 参考文献
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9 Bertoletti A, Delios MM, Boni C, Carolina B, Carli MD, Zignego AL, Durazzo M, Messale G, Penna A,Ferrai C. Different cytokine profiles of intrahepatic T cells in chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection. Gastroenterology, 1997;112:193-199
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收稿日期 1999-03-30, http://www.100md.com