中西医结合治疗急性重症胆管炎伴多脏器功能失常综合征
作者:郭培良
单位:大连医科大学附属一院,辽宁 大连 116011
关键词:胆管炎,重症,急性;多脏器功能失常综合征;中西医结合疗法;“清胆汤”
中西医结合实用临床急救990612 摘要:目的:观察急性重症胆管炎(ACST)伴多脏器功能失常综合征(MODS)的中西医结合治疗的疗效。方法:对45例ACST患者(其中11例并发MODS)采用中西医结合治疗:宏观上对整体进行“扶正”,用中药扶正方剂(三参汤、生脉散、四逆汤)经胃管减压后灌入;电针有关经穴;输液、输血,升压药维持收缩压最低在12 kPa(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg);增加静脉营养或胃肠外营养。“祛邪”用自拟“清胆汤”、广谱抗生素与甲硝唑防治厌氧菌,及时手术祛除病灶,体现“菌毒与有害介质并治”、“脏腑兼病同治”。微观上改善休克时细胞的内环境紊乱,采用“五法”(即扩容、纠酸、稳膜、供能、给氧)。结果:45例中44例恢复,1例死亡。伴MODS的11例中有5例治愈(其中4个脏器受累者4例,2个脏器受累者1例),另6例死亡(受累脏器均在2个以上,且皆为60岁以下老年患者)。结论:对ACST并MODS采用宏观与微观结合的扶正及祛邪并用,菌毒和有害介质并治,脏腑兼病同治,能提高抢救成功率。
, http://www.100md.com
中图分类号:R575.7 文献标识码:A 文章编号:10059717(1999)06026702
Treatment for acute cholangitis of severe type with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine
GUO Peiliang.
First Affiliated Hospital,Dalian Medical University,Dalian 116011
Abstract:Objective:To observe the curative effects of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine (TCM WM) on acute cholangitis of severe type (ACST) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).Methods:45 cases with ACST (11 cases complicating MODS among them) were treated with integrated TCM WM.In macroscopical reinforcing the body′s vital energy (扶正) with related decoctions 〔Sanshen Decoction (三参汤),Shengmai Powder (生脉散),Sini Decoction (四逆汤)〕 given via nasogastric tube after depressing pressure was used meanwhile electroacupuncturing related meridian points (经穴),infusion,transfusion,elevating blood pressure and keeping it above 12 kPa(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg) with drugs,increasing venous or parenteral nutrition,eliminating pathogenic factors (祛邪) using Qingdan Decoction (清胆汤) prepared by authors wide spectrum antibiotics and metronidazole used to prevent and treat anaerobic bacteria,operation for eliminating disease focus,treatment for bacterial toxins and harmful mediators simultaneously and diseases of both the viscera and bowels (脏腑兼病) were used too.Otherwise in microscopical improving disturbances of cellular homeostasis in shock,applying five methods (volemic expansion,correcting acidosis,stabilizing cellular membrane,providing energies,and supplying oxygen).Results:44 of 45 case were recovered and 1 case was died.5 cases were cured among 11 cases complicating MODS(among them 4 organs were involved in 4 cases and two organs involved in 1 case).Other 6 cases were died (in all of them involved organs were more than four and ages more than 60 years old).Conclusions:In macroscopical and microscopical using both reinforcing the body′s vital energy and eliminating pathogenic factors,treating both bacterial toxins and harmful mediators simultaneously,and therapy of diseases of both the viscera and bowels are able to increase the successful rate of rescue.
, 百拇医药
Key words:acute cholangitis of severe type; multiple organ dysfunction syndrome;integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine therapy;Qingdan Decoction
CLC number:R575.7 Document code:A Artical ID:10059717(1999)06026702
急性重症胆管炎(ACST)常伴感染性休克和多脏器功能失常综合征(MODS),探索其中西医结合治疗方法,对降低病死率、提高抢救成功率和治愈率具有重要的临床意义。对45例ACST患者采用中西医结合方法治疗,报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 病例:45例ACST患者中男28例,女17例;年龄26~28岁,平均54.5岁。全部伴感染性休克,其中11例伴MODS,受累脏器2~4个。ACST和MODS诊断依照文献〔1,2〕标准。
, 百拇医药
1.2 治疗方法:全部采用中西医结合治疗,在抢救室监测救治。
1.2.1 宏观上,对整体进行“扶正”,治气虚救厥逆。改善全身症状,支持各系统器官,特别是受累器官,抢救生命,使“正气存内”、“阴平阳秘”,中药辨证用三参汤(人参、丹参、北沙参)、生脉散(人参、麦冬、五味子)或四逆汤加减(人参、附子、干姜、炙甘草),口服或胃肠减压后自胃管灌入。电针合谷、足三里、人中、百会等穴,耳针神经、内分泌及腹部脏器穴位。用升压药维持最低收缩压在12 kPa(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg),保证重要脏器的血液供应与全身有效循环血量的运行,并及时补充液体、血浆,适量输新鲜血(禁用库存陈血)。静脉高营养以改善营养耗损,能进食时,逐渐给易消化富含营养食品,促使胃肠道消化功能的恢复。根据辨证服用由大柴胡汤与大承气汤化裁的清下方剂,以清热解毒,急下存阴,如清胆汤(茵陈、金钱草、柴胡、郁金、枳壳、黄连、黄芩、双花、栀子、大黄、芒硝)。于不同病期兼用活血化瘀、益气养阴之剂,并给予敏感的广谱抗生素(如氨苄青霉素、庆大霉素、头孢菌素等)。静滴甲哨唑,以防治厌氧菌感染。对术后腹腔残余脓肿与转移脓肿要及时处理。
, 百拇医药
1.2.2 微观上,采用“五字法”(扩、纠、稳、供、给,RCSSS)改善休克时细胞受损所造成的内环境紊乱,即①扩容:维持有效循环血量(输液、输血)。②纠酸:可用4%碳酸氢钠200~400 ml静滴,使动脉血pH<7.3。③稳膜:重用激素,稳定受累脏器细胞的胞膜,保护细胞内线粒体与溶酶体,防止溶酶体破裂。一般用较大剂量地塞米松(1~3 mg/kg)加入5%葡萄糖静滴。④供能:用三磷酸腺苷氯化镁疗法或能量合剂,促进代谢合成,恢复细胞功能。⑤给氧:保持呼吸道通畅,改善肺的顺应性。如血气分析提示肺内动静脉分流,用人工呼吸机;出现急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)时,加用呼气末正压呼吸;同时注意防止不良反应。同时要注意“五防”:即①扩容防“多”;②纠酸防“碱”;③稳膜防“副”;④供能防“敏”;⑤给氧防“过”。此外在抗休克中,适当用血管扩张剂(如多巴胺等),防止出血倾向和弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)。
2 结果
45例患者中44例恢复,1例死亡。伴MODS的11例中有5例治愈出院,这5例中4个脏器受累4例,2个脏器受累1例;另6例死亡,病死率54.5%,受累脏器均在2个以上,且皆为60岁以上老人。
, 百拇医药
3 讨论
3.1 ACST与MODS的关系:重症胆管炎伴有感染性休克时后期易出现MODS,是致死的主要原因。既往多以原发病解释发病始终,看来不全面。ACST与MODS紧密相关,本组45例ACST中有11例伴MODS,在休克后期与原发病相关脏器或系统出现功能障碍,多为肝功能衰竭、肾功能衰竭、肺功能衰竭,继之胃肠道、凝血系统及中枢神经系统功能障碍或昏迷。各脏器系统功能障碍出现的先后顺序与轻重不完全一致,发展迅速,不呈序贯性,被认为是即时性发作。
3.2 防治问题:对ACST患者,在中西医结合治疗过程中,要警惕或预防MODS的发生,尤其是老年患者。本组6例死亡者的年龄均在60岁以上,说明老年患者更易诱发MODS,预后差。应以预防为主。治疗上应整体与局部相结合,宏观与微观结合,中西医药结合,手术与非手术结合,从整体提高抗病能力,采用扶正与祛邪措施,体现“菌毒与有害介质并治”、“脏腑兼病同治”,可提高抢救成功率,逆转部分MODS。
本文曾在1997年世界中西医结合大会上交流
作者简介:郭培良,男,69岁,教授,主任医师。
参考文献:
〔1〕裘法祖主编.外科学.第4版.北京:人民卫生出版社,1995.51.
〔2〕林求诚主编.中西医结合诊疗手册.第1版.福州:福建科学技术出版社,1989.36.
(收稿日期:19990121), 百拇医药
单位:大连医科大学附属一院,辽宁 大连 116011
关键词:胆管炎,重症,急性;多脏器功能失常综合征;中西医结合疗法;“清胆汤”
中西医结合实用临床急救990612 摘要:目的:观察急性重症胆管炎(ACST)伴多脏器功能失常综合征(MODS)的中西医结合治疗的疗效。方法:对45例ACST患者(其中11例并发MODS)采用中西医结合治疗:宏观上对整体进行“扶正”,用中药扶正方剂(三参汤、生脉散、四逆汤)经胃管减压后灌入;电针有关经穴;输液、输血,升压药维持收缩压最低在12 kPa(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg);增加静脉营养或胃肠外营养。“祛邪”用自拟“清胆汤”、广谱抗生素与甲硝唑防治厌氧菌,及时手术祛除病灶,体现“菌毒与有害介质并治”、“脏腑兼病同治”。微观上改善休克时细胞的内环境紊乱,采用“五法”(即扩容、纠酸、稳膜、供能、给氧)。结果:45例中44例恢复,1例死亡。伴MODS的11例中有5例治愈(其中4个脏器受累者4例,2个脏器受累者1例),另6例死亡(受累脏器均在2个以上,且皆为60岁以下老年患者)。结论:对ACST并MODS采用宏观与微观结合的扶正及祛邪并用,菌毒和有害介质并治,脏腑兼病同治,能提高抢救成功率。
, http://www.100md.com
中图分类号:R575.7 文献标识码:A 文章编号:10059717(1999)06026702
Treatment for acute cholangitis of severe type with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine
GUO Peiliang.
First Affiliated Hospital,Dalian Medical University,Dalian 116011
Abstract:Objective:To observe the curative effects of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine (TCM WM) on acute cholangitis of severe type (ACST) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).Methods:45 cases with ACST (11 cases complicating MODS among them) were treated with integrated TCM WM.In macroscopical reinforcing the body′s vital energy (扶正) with related decoctions 〔Sanshen Decoction (三参汤),Shengmai Powder (生脉散),Sini Decoction (四逆汤)〕 given via nasogastric tube after depressing pressure was used meanwhile electroacupuncturing related meridian points (经穴),infusion,transfusion,elevating blood pressure and keeping it above 12 kPa(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg) with drugs,increasing venous or parenteral nutrition,eliminating pathogenic factors (祛邪) using Qingdan Decoction (清胆汤) prepared by authors wide spectrum antibiotics and metronidazole used to prevent and treat anaerobic bacteria,operation for eliminating disease focus,treatment for bacterial toxins and harmful mediators simultaneously and diseases of both the viscera and bowels (脏腑兼病) were used too.Otherwise in microscopical improving disturbances of cellular homeostasis in shock,applying five methods (volemic expansion,correcting acidosis,stabilizing cellular membrane,providing energies,and supplying oxygen).Results:44 of 45 case were recovered and 1 case was died.5 cases were cured among 11 cases complicating MODS(among them 4 organs were involved in 4 cases and two organs involved in 1 case).Other 6 cases were died (in all of them involved organs were more than four and ages more than 60 years old).Conclusions:In macroscopical and microscopical using both reinforcing the body′s vital energy and eliminating pathogenic factors,treating both bacterial toxins and harmful mediators simultaneously,and therapy of diseases of both the viscera and bowels are able to increase the successful rate of rescue.
, 百拇医药
Key words:acute cholangitis of severe type; multiple organ dysfunction syndrome;integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine therapy;Qingdan Decoction
CLC number:R575.7 Document code:A Artical ID:10059717(1999)06026702
急性重症胆管炎(ACST)常伴感染性休克和多脏器功能失常综合征(MODS),探索其中西医结合治疗方法,对降低病死率、提高抢救成功率和治愈率具有重要的临床意义。对45例ACST患者采用中西医结合方法治疗,报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 病例:45例ACST患者中男28例,女17例;年龄26~28岁,平均54.5岁。全部伴感染性休克,其中11例伴MODS,受累脏器2~4个。ACST和MODS诊断依照文献〔1,2〕标准。
, 百拇医药
1.2 治疗方法:全部采用中西医结合治疗,在抢救室监测救治。
1.2.1 宏观上,对整体进行“扶正”,治气虚救厥逆。改善全身症状,支持各系统器官,特别是受累器官,抢救生命,使“正气存内”、“阴平阳秘”,中药辨证用三参汤(人参、丹参、北沙参)、生脉散(人参、麦冬、五味子)或四逆汤加减(人参、附子、干姜、炙甘草),口服或胃肠减压后自胃管灌入。电针合谷、足三里、人中、百会等穴,耳针神经、内分泌及腹部脏器穴位。用升压药维持最低收缩压在12 kPa(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg),保证重要脏器的血液供应与全身有效循环血量的运行,并及时补充液体、血浆,适量输新鲜血(禁用库存陈血)。静脉高营养以改善营养耗损,能进食时,逐渐给易消化富含营养食品,促使胃肠道消化功能的恢复。根据辨证服用由大柴胡汤与大承气汤化裁的清下方剂,以清热解毒,急下存阴,如清胆汤(茵陈、金钱草、柴胡、郁金、枳壳、黄连、黄芩、双花、栀子、大黄、芒硝)。于不同病期兼用活血化瘀、益气养阴之剂,并给予敏感的广谱抗生素(如氨苄青霉素、庆大霉素、头孢菌素等)。静滴甲哨唑,以防治厌氧菌感染。对术后腹腔残余脓肿与转移脓肿要及时处理。
, 百拇医药
1.2.2 微观上,采用“五字法”(扩、纠、稳、供、给,RCSSS)改善休克时细胞受损所造成的内环境紊乱,即①扩容:维持有效循环血量(输液、输血)。②纠酸:可用4%碳酸氢钠200~400 ml静滴,使动脉血pH<7.3。③稳膜:重用激素,稳定受累脏器细胞的胞膜,保护细胞内线粒体与溶酶体,防止溶酶体破裂。一般用较大剂量地塞米松(1~3 mg/kg)加入5%葡萄糖静滴。④供能:用三磷酸腺苷氯化镁疗法或能量合剂,促进代谢合成,恢复细胞功能。⑤给氧:保持呼吸道通畅,改善肺的顺应性。如血气分析提示肺内动静脉分流,用人工呼吸机;出现急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)时,加用呼气末正压呼吸;同时注意防止不良反应。同时要注意“五防”:即①扩容防“多”;②纠酸防“碱”;③稳膜防“副”;④供能防“敏”;⑤给氧防“过”。此外在抗休克中,适当用血管扩张剂(如多巴胺等),防止出血倾向和弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)。
2 结果
45例患者中44例恢复,1例死亡。伴MODS的11例中有5例治愈出院,这5例中4个脏器受累4例,2个脏器受累1例;另6例死亡,病死率54.5%,受累脏器均在2个以上,且皆为60岁以上老人。
, 百拇医药
3 讨论
3.1 ACST与MODS的关系:重症胆管炎伴有感染性休克时后期易出现MODS,是致死的主要原因。既往多以原发病解释发病始终,看来不全面。ACST与MODS紧密相关,本组45例ACST中有11例伴MODS,在休克后期与原发病相关脏器或系统出现功能障碍,多为肝功能衰竭、肾功能衰竭、肺功能衰竭,继之胃肠道、凝血系统及中枢神经系统功能障碍或昏迷。各脏器系统功能障碍出现的先后顺序与轻重不完全一致,发展迅速,不呈序贯性,被认为是即时性发作。
3.2 防治问题:对ACST患者,在中西医结合治疗过程中,要警惕或预防MODS的发生,尤其是老年患者。本组6例死亡者的年龄均在60岁以上,说明老年患者更易诱发MODS,预后差。应以预防为主。治疗上应整体与局部相结合,宏观与微观结合,中西医药结合,手术与非手术结合,从整体提高抗病能力,采用扶正与祛邪措施,体现“菌毒与有害介质并治”、“脏腑兼病同治”,可提高抢救成功率,逆转部分MODS。
本文曾在1997年世界中西医结合大会上交流
作者简介:郭培良,男,69岁,教授,主任医师。
参考文献:
〔1〕裘法祖主编.外科学.第4版.北京:人民卫生出版社,1995.51.
〔2〕林求诚主编.中西医结合诊疗手册.第1版.福州:福建科学技术出版社,1989.36.
(收稿日期:19990121), 百拇医药