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缺血性脑梗死患者血浆D-二聚体测定的意义
http://www.100md.com 《中国急救医学》 1999年第7期
     作者:黄培志 陈百华 黄德铭

    单位:黄培志 陈百华 黄德铭 上海医科大学附属中山医院急诊科,上海 200032

    关键词:缺血性脑梗死;D-二聚体;纤溶

    中国急救医学990706 摘要:目的 为了解缺血性脑梗死病人在不同阶段血浆D-二聚体测定的意义。方法 随机选择84例到本院急诊科就诊的缺血性脑梗死患者(年龄51~90岁,男性42例,女性42例),分别于急性期(<6天,n=53,年龄51~87岁,平均70岁)和亚急性期(6~20天,n=31,年龄53~90岁,平均72岁)行血浆D-二聚体测定。全部患者均经头颅CT或MRI证实为缺血性脑梗死。同时选择年龄相匹配的20例其他非凝血及血栓性疾病患者(年龄60~95岁,平均72岁)作为对照组。结果 缺血性脑梗死患者的血浆D-二聚体水平在急性期未见升高(<0.3 mg/L),而在亚急性期显著升高(≥0.3 mg/L,0.3~2 mg/L),亚急性期与对照组(<0.3 mg/L)比较有显著差异(P<0.0001),与急性期比较也有显著差异(P<0.0001)(正常值为<0.3 mg/L)。结论 缺血性脑梗死患者的纤溶系统显著激活并非在急性期,而是在亚急性期。这也为急性期进行溶栓治疗提供了依据。
, 百拇医药
    Evaluation of detaicted D-dimer in plasma of patients with cerebral ischemic infarction

    HUANG Pei-zhi,CHEN Bai-hua,HUANG De-ming.

    Emergency Department of Zhong Shan Hospital, Shanghai 200032

    Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to clarify differences in fibrinolytic activation among the various phases of cerebral ischemic infarction. Methods D-dimer were measured in 84 patients with cerebral ischemic infarction(51~90 years, men 42, female 42) and with 20 age-matched controls. All 84 patients were divided into two groups,53 cases were during acute phases(<6days)and 31 cases were during subacute phases(6~20 days). Results The levels of D-dimer were significantly higher (≥0.3 mg/L, 0.3~2 mg/L) during subacute phases of cerebral ischemic infarction than controls (<0.3 mg/L, P<0.0001), however, the levels of D-dimer were not elevated (<0.3 mg/L) during the acute phases of cerebral ischemic infarction (normal was <0.3 mg/L), and less than subacute phases(P<0.0001).Conclusion Our finding suggest that fibrinolytic activations were significantly increased during subacute phases of cerebral ischemic infarction, and were not increased during acute phase.
, 百拇医药
    Key words D-dimer Cerebral ischemic infarction Fibrinolytic activation

    D-二聚体(D-dimer, DD)是交联纤维蛋白的稳定而特异的降解产物[1],可作为体内高凝状态和纤溶亢进的分子标志物之一[3],其血浆浓度升高,反映了体内纤溶活性的增强[1]。一些与凝血、血栓有关的疾病,如心肌梗死、深静脉血栓形成等,均会使血浆DD水平升高[2]

    近年来,人们开始重视D-二聚体与脑缺血的关系。Feinberg等人发现缺血性脑卒中患者的血浆DD水平显著升高,并与死亡率有关[3]。Fon等人也发现短暂性脑缺血(TIA)患者发作后,D-二聚体水平也会升高[4],从而揭示了纤溶在缺血性脑卒中中的作用。本文进一步研究了缺血性脑梗死患者在发病后不同时期的血浆D-二聚体水平,以探讨其临床意义。
, 百拇医药
    1 资料和方法

    随机选择自随机选择自1998年9~10月到本院急诊科就诊的缺血性脑死患者8例,年龄51~90岁,其中男性42例,女性42例,分别于急性期(<6天)(n=53,年龄51~87岁,平均70岁)和亚急性期(6~20天,n=31,年龄53~90岁,平均72岁)行血浆D-二聚体测定,全部患者均经头颅CT或MRI证实为缺血性脑梗死。同时,选择年龄相匹配的20例其他非凝血、血栓性疾病患者作为对照组,年龄为60~95岁,平均72岁,其中男性9例,女性11例,尿路感染患者2例,肺部感染患者5例,高血压病8例,糖尿病2例,颈椎病2例,心律失常1例。

    2 结果

    53例缺血性脑梗死患者在急性期的血浆D-二聚体水平全部为<0.3 mg/L,20例对照组患者的血浆D-二聚体水平也全部<0.3 mg/L,急性期与对照组无差异。31例缺血性脑梗死患者在亚急性的血浆D-二聚体水平全部≥0.3 mg/L(0.3~2 mg/L),均高于正常值,并显著高于对照组(P<0.0001)和急性期组(P<0.0001)(附表)。全部数据用卡方检验进行统计学处理。
, 百拇医药
    附表 缺血性脑梗死不同阶段DD水平 正常值

    急性期

    (n=53)

    亚急性期

    (n=31)

    对照组

    n=20

    DD <0.3 mg/L

    <0.3 mg/L

    0.3~2 mg/L*△

    <0.3 mg/L

    *与对照组比较P<0.0001
, http://www.100md.com
    △与急性期组比较P<0.0001

    3 讨论

    以往的研究发现缺血性脑梗死患者的血浆D-二聚体水平升高[5]之后,Takano等人发现动脉硬化性脑梗死与心源性脑梗死不同,后者在发病后血浆D-二聚体水平立即升高,而前者在急性期血浆D-二聚体水平并不升高,至发病7天后才显著升高[6]。另外,Yama zaki等人则发现缺血性脑梗死患者的血浆D-二聚体水平与急性期(≤7天)和慢性期(≥29天)时均升高,而在亚急性期(8~28天)并不升高[7]

    本文资料显示缺血性脑梗死患者在急性期(<6天)D-二聚体水平并不升高,而在亚急性期(6~20天)则显著升高,从而提示缺血性脑梗死患者的纤溶活性可能在急性期并未被激活,可能由于在脑动脉硬化斑块基础上发生的血栓形成过程中存在一些未知的刺激因素,使急性期纤溶活性受损;或由于急性期t-PA活性受抑制;或由于急性期高凝状态超过纤溶活性所致。而在亚急性期,为对抗已形成的纤维蛋白凝固,内源性纤溶系统被激活;同时,在脑梗死时,血脑屏障被坏,脑组织成分进入血液循环,刺激了血凝过程,使纤溶活性反应性增强,血浆D-二聚体水平进一步升高。
, 百拇医药
    由此可见,缺血性脑梗死患者的纤溶系统显著激活并非在急性期,而是在亚急性期,这也为在急性期进行溶栓治疗提供了依据。

    参考文献

    1 Sato N, Takahashi H, Shibate A. Fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products and D-dimer in clinical practice interpretation of discrepant results. Am J Hematol, 1995, 48(3): 168-74.

    2 Kornberg A, Carles WF, Victor JM, et al. Plasma crosslinked fibrin polymers: Quantitation based on tissue plasminogen activator conversion to D-dimer and measurement in normals and patients with acute thrombotic disorders. Blood, 1992, 80: 709-17.
, 百拇医药
    3 Feinberg WM, Erickson LP, Denise Bruck, et al. Hemostatic Markers in acute ischemic stroke association with stroke type, severity, and outcome. Stroke, 1996, 27: 1296-1300.

    4 Fon EA, Mackey A, R. Cote, et al. Hemostatic markers in acute transient ischemic attacks. Stroke, 1994, 25: 282-86.

    5 Sueniro A, Koyama T. Clinical usefulness of the measurement of plasma D-dimer levels. Rinsho-Byori, 1991, 39(7): 694-700.
, 百拇医药
    6 Takano K, Yamaguchi T, Uchida K. Markers of hypercoagulable state following acute ischemic stroke. Stroke, 1992, 23: 194-198.

    7 Yamazaki M, Uchiyama S, Maruyama S. Alterations of haemostatic markers in various subtypes and phases of stroke. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis, 1993, 4(5): 707-712.

    收稿:1998-12-01

    修回:1999-02-16, http://www.100md.com