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2-甲基-5-硝基咪唑衍生物的合成
http://www.100md.com 《中国药物化学杂志》 2000年第2期
     作者:叶发青 李伍林

    单位:叶发青(咸宁医学院临床药学系药物化学教研室);李伍林(咸宁医学院基础部化学教研室,咸宁 437100)

    关键词:

    中国药物化学杂志000221 Synthesis of 2-Methyl-5-Nitroimidazol Derivatives

    Ye Faqing Li Wulin

    (Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,Xianning Medical College,Xianning 437100)

    Abstract Five 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol derivatives were synthesized primarily from oxalaldehyde,ethanal via cyclization,nitration,esterification.The strutures of these compounds have been examined and confirmed by IR,1H-NMR,UV spectra as well as elementary analysis.
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    Key words imidazole;metronidazole;esterification;cyclization

    1-羟乙基-2-甲基-5-硝基咪唑(又称为甲硝唑)具有抗厌氧菌、抗阿米巴和阴道滴虫等作用〔1〕,但副作用大.为了减少其副作用,多年来,在化学修饰方面人们做了大量的研究工作〔2,3〕.本文作者合成了5种2-甲基-5-硝基咪唑衍生物,旨在提高其脂溶性和生物活性,降低其毒副作用.合成路线见图1.

    Fig.1 The route of synthesis

    酰氯(Ⅰ1)~(Ⅰ4)按文献〔4〕制备.2-甲基-5-硝基咪唑(Ⅲ)按文献〔5〕制备,收率:80%,mp 251~253℃.1-羟乙基-2-甲基-5-硝基咪唑(Ⅳ)按文献〔6〕制备,收率:65%,mp 161~163℃.
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    化合物(Ⅴ1)~(Ⅴ4)的制备:称取8.5 g(0.05 mol)化合物(Ⅳ),溶于40 mL无水吡啶,置于冰水浴中,慢慢滴入化合物(Ⅰ1)~(Ⅰ4),反应2 h,室温下再反应3 h,减压浓缩至干,用溶剂重结晶(有关数据见表1).

    化合物(Ⅴ5)的制备:称取8.5 g(0.05 mol)化合物(Ⅳ),溶于40 mL无水吡啶,置于冰水浴中,慢慢滴入对甲苯磺酰氯的吡啶溶液(4.0 g对甲苯磺酰氯和20 mL吡啶),反应3 h,室温下再反应2 h,减压浓缩至干,用乙酸乙酯萃取并分出酯层,蒸去乙酸乙酯,用乙醇重结晶,得淡黄色针状晶体2.0 g(有关数据见表1).

    Tab.1 Properties and analytical data,spectrum data of the compounds synthesized Compd.
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    Formula

    Elemental analysis/%

    Calcd.(Found)

    Recrysn

    solvent

    Yield/%

    mp/℃

    IR /cm-1

    1H-NMR(CDCl-3

    UV λmax/nm
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    C

    H

    N

    Ⅴ1

    C7H11N3O4

    41.79

    41.64

    5.47

    5.46

    20.90

    20.85

    CH-3OH
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    38

    71~72

    1362,1430,1466,1523,1608,1259,1310,1716,3118

    2.06(s,3H),2.46(s,3H),4.16~4.22(t,2H),4.40~4.50(t,2H),7.89(s,1H)

    277

    Ⅴ2

    C15H15N3O6

    54.05

    54.22
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    4.50

    4.55

    12.61

    12.58

    C-2H-5OH

    42

    143~145

    1364,1431,1468,1524,1617,1259,1311,1734,3119

    2.08(s,3H),2.48(s,3H),4.15~4.23(t,2H),4.44~4.52(t,2H),7.02~7.16(d,1H),7.18~7.26(t,1H),7.45~7.52(t,1H),7.78~7.84(d,1H),7.96(s,1H)
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    277

    Ⅴ3

    C13H13N3O4

    56.73

    56.68

    4.73

    4.70

    15.27

    15.30

    C-2H-5OH

    38
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    98~99.5

    1362,1425,1466,1524,1718,1258,1312,3125

    2.48(s,3H),4.11~4.21(t,2H),4.42~4.50(t,2H),7.48~7.54(d,2H),7.88~7.94(m,3H),8.02(s,1H)

    277

    Ⅴ4

    C10H15N3O4

    49.79

    49.80

    6.22
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    6.21

    17.43

    17.37

    CH-3OH

    35

    84~86

    1364,1423,1469,1523,1727,1256,1188

    0.86~0.93(t,3H),1.63~1.71(m,2H),2.12~2.18(t,2H),2.48(s,3H),4.20~4.28(t,2H),4.46~4.52(t,2H),7.98(s,1H)

    277

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    C13H15N3O5S

    48.01

    48.13

    4.62

    4.60

    12.92

    12.87

    C-2H-5OH

    31

    144~146
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    820,1017,1090,1109,1173,1367,1430,1460,1526,3120

    2.36(s,3H),7.98(s,1H),2.48(s,3H),4.20~4.28(t,2H),4.46~4.54(t,2H),6.86~7.24(m,4H)

    277

    湖北省教育委员会重点资助课题No.96A064参考文献

    1,江明性,杨藻宸,王浴生,等.药理学.第四版.北京:人民卫生出版社,1996,327

    2,Jeanmart,Claude.Amebicidal and trichomonicidal 1-〔2-(carbamoyloxy)ethyl〕-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazoles.Ger Offen 2035573.1971-02-04
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    3,Kajfez,Franjo,Sunjic.5-Nitroimidazole derivatives.Swiss.582678.1976-12-15

    4,段长强,孟庆芳,张泰,等.现代化学试剂手册(第一分册).北京:化学工业出版社,1988,541

    5,蔡汉民,刘传生.2-甲基-4(5)-硝基咪唑合成的改进.中国医药工业杂志,1994,25(8):362~

    6,Tovarna Zdravil K R K A.1-(2-Hydroxyethy-2-methyl)-5-nitroimidazole.Brit,1138805.1969-06-01

    收稿日期:2000-01-28, 百拇医药