大剂量糖皮质激素诱导兔股骨头坏死的研究
作者:周强 李起鸿 杨柳 柳凤轩 曹佳
单位:周强(第三军医大学 附属西南医院骨科);李起鸿(第三军医大学 附属西南医院骨科);杨柳(第三军医大学 附属西南医院骨科);柳凤轩(第三军医大学 附属西南医院病理研究所);曹佳(第三军医大学 预防医学系分子毒理学教研室, 重庆 400038)
关键词:股骨头坏死;糖皮质激素;疾病模型
第三军医大学学报000314
提 要 目的:采用大剂量糖皮质激素诱导实验性股骨头坏死,观察用糖皮质激素过程中和停药后股骨头的变化。方法:给家兔注射2.5 mg.kg-1.d-1的地塞米松,光镜、透射电镜和X线摄片观察股骨头的病理变化过程。结果:14周光镜下股骨头国软下区出现典型骨坏死灶,且随时间的延长而加重。8周软骨下区平均骨陷窝空虚率达(51.8±11.7)%,骨髓坏死广泛。停药后骨坏死程度加重,6周骨陷窝空虚率为(72.9±11.4)%;负重区新骨形成少。2电镜下见骨细胞经历了变性、坏死、溶解的病理过程。36~8周X线片示股骨头出现不规则透亮区,停药6周仍存在且伴周围骨质硬化。结论:大剂量糖皮质激素可直接导致股骨头坏死,停药后骨坏死病程仍继续发展;负重区骨修复能力差可能是股骨头坏死塌陷的重要病理基础之一;地塞米松诱导的兔股骨头坏死反映了该病的基本病变特征和病理过程。
, 百拇医药
中图法分类号 R681.8 文献标识码 A
文章编号:1000-5404(2000)03-0249-04
Study of femoral head necrosis induced with large dosages of glucocorticoid in rabbits
ZHOU Qiang, LI Qi-hong, YANG Liu, LIU Feng-xian, CAO Jia
(Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038,China)
Abstract Objective: To establish an experimental model of femoral head necrosis with the administration of large dosages of dexamethasone (DEX) in rabbits and observe the pathological changes of the femoral head during and after DEX administration. Methods: DEX of 2.5 mg.kg-1.day-1 was injected to the rabbits for 8 weeks and the histopathological changes of the femoral head of 36 rabbits were observed with light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and radiography. Results: 1In the 4th week after DEX treatment, typical necrotic foci appeared in the subchondral region of the femoral heads and the change became progressively severe along with the elapse of time. In the 8th weeks, the rate of empty osteocytic lacunaes was (51.8±11.7)% and the marrow tissue was also extensively necrotic. After the cessation of DEX administration, the necrotic changes were more aggravated. In the 6th week after cessation, the rate of empty lacunaes was increased to (72.9±11.4)%. Although the activity of bone repair was increased, new bone formation was less in the weightbearing region than in other regions. 2Under electron microscopy, osteocytes were found to be degenerative and necrotic and disappeared eventually. 3In the 6th to 8th weeks of DEX treatment, irregular radiolucent cystic areas in the subchondral region of the femoral head were found on the Xray films. In the 6th week after DEX treatment, the radiolucent areas still existed and new bone was formed around them. Conclusion: The administration of large dosages of dexamethasone can result in femoral head necrosis and the pathological changes continue on even the administration of dexamethasone is stopped. This may be one of the important factors to cause collapse of the joint surface in the later phase of the healing of femoral head when the activity of bone repair is not sufficient in the weightbearing region of the femoral head. Our study of dexamelhasoneinduced femoral head necrosis demonstrates the basic pathogenic features and the pathological development.
, 百拇医药
Key words necrosis; femoral head; glucocorticoid; experimental model; rabbit
股骨头坏死(Femur head necrosis,FHN)是应用糖皮质激素(Glucocorticoid,GC)的严重并发症,治疗困难[1]。目前尚缺乏能较好地反映GC诱导性FHN病理变化过程的动物模型,从而影响其病理机制和防治的进一步研究。本实验通过给予家兔大剂量地塞米松(Dexamethasone,DEX)诱导FHN,观察了GC诱导FHN的病理变化规律。
1 材料与方法
1.1 动物分组
12~18个月龄的健康日本大耳白兔36只(由第三军医大学实验动物中心提供),体重为3.5~4.5 kg,分为两组。实验组30只:每天一次肌注2.5 mg/kg DEX,至第8周末停药,在2、4、6、8、10、14周分批处死。对照组6只:肌注等量生理盐水,在8、14周分两批处死。两组均给予抗菌素预防感染。
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1.2 观测指标
处死动物,解剖双侧股骨并摄X线片后,切取双侧股骨头,在股骨头软骨下区取约1 mm3大小的骨组织2~3块,给予3%戊二醛固定,4°C保存。经脱钙、包埋、病变区光镜定位等常规处理后作超薄切片、醋酸双氧铀及柠檬酸铝双重染色,透射电镜观察。其余股骨头标本以10%中性福尔马林固定,经脱钙、常规石蜡切片、HE染色,光镜观察。骨组织坏死程度以股骨头软骨下区平均骨陷窝空虚率(%)表示。
1.3 统计学分析
数据用±s表示,采用第三军医大学数学教研室SPMR医用统计程序包进行单因素方差分析。
2 结果
2.1 股骨头X线片的变化
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实验组动物用DEX 4周股骨头表现为骨质疏松,6~8周后双侧股骨头软骨下区可见非对称、不规则囊性透亮区。停药后股骨头透亮区仍存在,停药6周在透亮区周围可见明显的骨质硬化等表现,见图1。
图1 停DEX 6周X线片示股骨头透亮区和周围骨质硬化
Fig 1 Radiolucent cystic area and bone sclerosis around it
in the subchondral region of femoral head on the
roentgenograms in the 6th week after cessation of DEX
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2.2 股骨头组织病理变化
2.2.1 光镜观察 实验组2周软骨下骨板和骨小梁内空虚的骨陷窝增多,呈小灶性分布,髓腔内骨髓明显脂肪化。4周和6周,股骨头软骨下区出现典型的骨坏死灶,其内骨陷窝空虚,骨髓出现典型的坏死、溶解、渗出,见图2。8周,软骨下区骨坏死灶大且更典型,见图3,平均骨陷窝空虚率达(51.8±11.7)%。同时,骨质表面可见破骨细胞增多,骨的吸收明显,软骨下骨板变得菲薄,并出现中断和缺失,软骨下区髓腔明显扩大。骨髓的病变特征为大片灶性或弥漫性骨髓坏死、溶解、渗出,髓内小血管变性、坏死。髓腔内可见轻度的炎症反应和少量纤维化。停药2周,骨坏死继续存在,骨修复活动增强,可见骨质表面附着有增多的破骨细胞或骨祖细胞和成骨细胞,有新骨形成。停药6周,软骨下区骨组织坏死程度进一步加重,平均骨陷窝空虚率达(72.9±11.4)%;股骨头负重区新骨形成少,宽大的髓腔、纤细的骨小梁、软骨下骨板菲薄或缺失仍存在,而非负重区新骨形成明显增多,坏死或陈旧的骨小梁因新骨沉积而明显增粗,表面有明显增多的骨祖细胞或成骨细胞。骨髓有范围大小不一的坏死、溶解、渗出和小血管变性坏死。与用 DEX 8周相比,停药后髓内炎症反应明显增强,纤维化增多。
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图2 用DEX 4周股骨头坏死骨组织()和骨髓坏死
溶解(↑) (HE×100)
Fig 2 Necrotic bone () and necrotic marrow (↑) in femoral
head in the 4th week of DEXtreatment (HE×100)
图3 用DEX 8周软骨下大片坏死骨() (HE×100)
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Fig 3 Extensively necrotic bone () in the subchondral region
in the 8th week of DEXtreatment (HE×100)
实验组,各时相点股骨头软骨下区平均骨陷窝空虚率随时间延长而增高,且均非常显著地高于对照组(P< 0.01),14周达最高,见表1。
表1 股骨头软骨理区平均骨陷窝空率(n=10,±s)
Tab1 Average percentage of empty osteocytic lacunaes in
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the subchondral region of femoral head(n=10,±s) Time(week)
Control
DEX-treatment
Cessation
0
2
4
6
8
10
, 百拇医药 14
Percentage(%)
12.2±3.3
30.0±8.4★
36.6±4.4★
43.5±7.1★
51.8±11.7★
47.6±6.2★
72.9±11.4★
★:P<0.01 vs control
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2.2.2 电镜观察 实验组用DEX 4周,病变区的残存骨细胞变性,表现为线粒体肿胀、胞质内大小不一的脂肪滴、胞质髓鞘样变(见图4)和(或)核固缩等。骨髓细胞浆水肿、线粒体肿胀。用DEX 8周,病变区大部分骨陷窝内骨细胞消失、充满脂质,少部分骨陷窝内存留严重脂肪变性的骨细胞或破碎的细胞残迹。停药2周,骨陷窝内脂质沉积明显减少。停药6周,病变区绝大多数骨陷窝内骨细胞消失,可见极少数变性坏死的骨细胞残存。
图4 用DEX 4周骨细胞胞质髓鞘样变 (TEM×20 000)
Fig 4 Myelinlike figure in the osteocyte in the 4th
week of DEXtreatment (TEM×20 000)
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3 讨论
大量临床资料统计表明FHN的发生与持续、大剂量应用GC和一定的治疗时间有密切的关系,与小剂量长时间用药无明显关系[2~4]。我们模拟临床用药,综合文献报道与FHN相关的GC疗程中平均每天用药量,通过药物间等效和种属间剂量换算,确定给予兔2.5 mg.kg-1.d-1(相当于人1 mg.kg-1.d-1)的DEX诱导FHN。
实验结果表明,我们的用药方案直接诱导产生了典型的FHN病变。骨髓成分的坏死是骨坏死最可靠的证据[5],用DEX 4周后出现典型的骨组织和骨髓组织坏死灶,并随时间的延长而增大。骨细胞坏死、溶解是一个较缓慢的过程,因此,在临床FHN标本的坏死区中常有部分骨陷窝内残存变性坏死而未溶解的骨细胞,文献报道坏死区骨陷窝空虚率为50%~80%。我们采用平均骨陷窝空虚率以客观反映股骨头软骨下区骨组织坏死程度的变化,用DEX 8周达(51.8±11.7)%,停药6周上升为(72.9±11.4)%。电镜观察证实病灶区骨细胞经历了变性、坏死、溶解过程。这些结果说明本实验所诱导的FHN病变与临床股骨头坏死区的病理变化基本一致。Fisher(1972)等延用在脂代谢研究中的剂量,给家兔注射长效甲基强的松龙10 mg/周诱导FHN。此后,国内外研究者基本上应用相似的GC剂量。其主要病理变化为软骨下区骨陷窝空虚率升高和骨髓脂肪化,没有典型的骨组织和骨髓坏死,X线片表现为骨质疏松,与临床上FHN的变化相比有明显差距,因此,有的学者认为单纯用GC不能导致FHN[6]。我们的实验结果证实了大剂量的GC可直接诱导典型的FHN。在以往实验研究中没有诱导出典型的FHN病变,可能与忽视种属间药物的量效差异和用药剂量偏小有关。
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临床上观察到的FHN病理变化大多属于临床期。了解在停用GC后和临床前期股骨头的病理变化,对认识FHN的病理机制及其防治无疑是非常重要的。目前国内外鲜有这方面的实验报道。我们的观察表明,停药后骨组织坏死程度不仅没减轻而是进一步加重,包括髓内小血管骨髓的坏死继续存在;骨修复活动虽逐渐增强,但主要限于非负重区,负重区新骨形成少。X线片显示停药6周股骨头透亮区仍存在且周围骨质硬化,与临床早期FHN X线片变化基本相同[7]。透亮区的出现是死骨吸收的结果,而停药后透亮区在股骨头负重区继续存在与组织学观察发现该部位骨修复能力低下相符合,可能是FHN塌陷好发于负重区的病理基础之一。关于停药后FHN变化发展的病理机制目前尚不清楚,但它对于研究阻止FHN发展进入临床7期具有重要意义,有待于深入研究。
基金项目:重庆市应用基础研究项目(193)
作者简介:周强(1965.11),男,河北省乐亭县市人,博士研究生,主治医师,讲师,主要从事骨病及组织工程方面的研究。
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参考文献
[1] Mont M A, Hungerford D S. Current concepts reviews: nontraumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head[J]. J Bone Joint Surg(Am),1995,77(3):459-474.
[2] Bradbury G, Benjamin J, Thompsen J, et al. Avascular necrosis of bone after cardiac transplantation: prevalence and relationship to administration an dosage of steroids[J]. J Bone Joint Surg(Am),1994,76(9):1 385-1 388.
[3] Ono K, Tohjima T, Komazawa T. Risk factors of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus under highdose corticosteroid therapy[J]. Clin Orthop,1992,227:89-97.
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[4] Felson D T, Anderson J J. Acrossstudy evaluation of association between steroid dose and bolus steriods and avascular necrosis of bone[J]. Lancet,1987,8 538(Ⅰ):902-906.
[5] Jones J P Jr. Fat embolism and osteonecrosis[J]. Orthop Clin Nouth America,1985,16(4):595-633.
[6] Yamamoto T, Hirano K, Tsutsui H, et al. Corticosteroid enhances the experimental induction of osteonecrosis in rabbits with Shwartzman reaction[J]. Clin Orthop,1995,316:235-243.
[7] Steinberg M E, Hayken G D, Steinberg D R. A quantitative system for staging avascular necrosis[J]. J Bone Joint Surg(Br),1995,77(1):34-41.
收稿日期:1999-09-09;修回日期:2000-01-12, 百拇医药
单位:周强(第三军医大学 附属西南医院骨科);李起鸿(第三军医大学 附属西南医院骨科);杨柳(第三军医大学 附属西南医院骨科);柳凤轩(第三军医大学 附属西南医院病理研究所);曹佳(第三军医大学 预防医学系分子毒理学教研室, 重庆 400038)
关键词:股骨头坏死;糖皮质激素;疾病模型
第三军医大学学报000314
提 要 目的:采用大剂量糖皮质激素诱导实验性股骨头坏死,观察用糖皮质激素过程中和停药后股骨头的变化。方法:给家兔注射2.5 mg.kg-1.d-1的地塞米松,光镜、透射电镜和X线摄片观察股骨头的病理变化过程。结果:14周光镜下股骨头国软下区出现典型骨坏死灶,且随时间的延长而加重。8周软骨下区平均骨陷窝空虚率达(51.8±11.7)%,骨髓坏死广泛。停药后骨坏死程度加重,6周骨陷窝空虚率为(72.9±11.4)%;负重区新骨形成少。2电镜下见骨细胞经历了变性、坏死、溶解的病理过程。36~8周X线片示股骨头出现不规则透亮区,停药6周仍存在且伴周围骨质硬化。结论:大剂量糖皮质激素可直接导致股骨头坏死,停药后骨坏死病程仍继续发展;负重区骨修复能力差可能是股骨头坏死塌陷的重要病理基础之一;地塞米松诱导的兔股骨头坏死反映了该病的基本病变特征和病理过程。
, 百拇医药
中图法分类号 R681.8 文献标识码 A
文章编号:1000-5404(2000)03-0249-04
Study of femoral head necrosis induced with large dosages of glucocorticoid in rabbits
ZHOU Qiang, LI Qi-hong, YANG Liu, LIU Feng-xian, CAO Jia
(Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038,China)
Abstract Objective: To establish an experimental model of femoral head necrosis with the administration of large dosages of dexamethasone (DEX) in rabbits and observe the pathological changes of the femoral head during and after DEX administration. Methods: DEX of 2.5 mg.kg-1.day-1 was injected to the rabbits for 8 weeks and the histopathological changes of the femoral head of 36 rabbits were observed with light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and radiography. Results: 1In the 4th week after DEX treatment, typical necrotic foci appeared in the subchondral region of the femoral heads and the change became progressively severe along with the elapse of time. In the 8th weeks, the rate of empty osteocytic lacunaes was (51.8±11.7)% and the marrow tissue was also extensively necrotic. After the cessation of DEX administration, the necrotic changes were more aggravated. In the 6th week after cessation, the rate of empty lacunaes was increased to (72.9±11.4)%. Although the activity of bone repair was increased, new bone formation was less in the weightbearing region than in other regions. 2Under electron microscopy, osteocytes were found to be degenerative and necrotic and disappeared eventually. 3In the 6th to 8th weeks of DEX treatment, irregular radiolucent cystic areas in the subchondral region of the femoral head were found on the Xray films. In the 6th week after DEX treatment, the radiolucent areas still existed and new bone was formed around them. Conclusion: The administration of large dosages of dexamethasone can result in femoral head necrosis and the pathological changes continue on even the administration of dexamethasone is stopped. This may be one of the important factors to cause collapse of the joint surface in the later phase of the healing of femoral head when the activity of bone repair is not sufficient in the weightbearing region of the femoral head. Our study of dexamelhasoneinduced femoral head necrosis demonstrates the basic pathogenic features and the pathological development.
, 百拇医药
Key words necrosis; femoral head; glucocorticoid; experimental model; rabbit
股骨头坏死(Femur head necrosis,FHN)是应用糖皮质激素(Glucocorticoid,GC)的严重并发症,治疗困难[1]。目前尚缺乏能较好地反映GC诱导性FHN病理变化过程的动物模型,从而影响其病理机制和防治的进一步研究。本实验通过给予家兔大剂量地塞米松(Dexamethasone,DEX)诱导FHN,观察了GC诱导FHN的病理变化规律。
1 材料与方法
1.1 动物分组
12~18个月龄的健康日本大耳白兔36只(由第三军医大学实验动物中心提供),体重为3.5~4.5 kg,分为两组。实验组30只:每天一次肌注2.5 mg/kg DEX,至第8周末停药,在2、4、6、8、10、14周分批处死。对照组6只:肌注等量生理盐水,在8、14周分两批处死。两组均给予抗菌素预防感染。
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1.2 观测指标
处死动物,解剖双侧股骨并摄X线片后,切取双侧股骨头,在股骨头软骨下区取约1 mm3大小的骨组织2~3块,给予3%戊二醛固定,4°C保存。经脱钙、包埋、病变区光镜定位等常规处理后作超薄切片、醋酸双氧铀及柠檬酸铝双重染色,透射电镜观察。其余股骨头标本以10%中性福尔马林固定,经脱钙、常规石蜡切片、HE染色,光镜观察。骨组织坏死程度以股骨头软骨下区平均骨陷窝空虚率(%)表示。
1.3 统计学分析
数据用±s表示,采用第三军医大学数学教研室SPMR医用统计程序包进行单因素方差分析。
2 结果
2.1 股骨头X线片的变化
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实验组动物用DEX 4周股骨头表现为骨质疏松,6~8周后双侧股骨头软骨下区可见非对称、不规则囊性透亮区。停药后股骨头透亮区仍存在,停药6周在透亮区周围可见明显的骨质硬化等表现,见图1。
图1 停DEX 6周X线片示股骨头透亮区和周围骨质硬化
Fig 1 Radiolucent cystic area and bone sclerosis around it
in the subchondral region of femoral head on the
roentgenograms in the 6th week after cessation of DEX
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2.2 股骨头组织病理变化
2.2.1 光镜观察 实验组2周软骨下骨板和骨小梁内空虚的骨陷窝增多,呈小灶性分布,髓腔内骨髓明显脂肪化。4周和6周,股骨头软骨下区出现典型的骨坏死灶,其内骨陷窝空虚,骨髓出现典型的坏死、溶解、渗出,见图2。8周,软骨下区骨坏死灶大且更典型,见图3,平均骨陷窝空虚率达(51.8±11.7)%。同时,骨质表面可见破骨细胞增多,骨的吸收明显,软骨下骨板变得菲薄,并出现中断和缺失,软骨下区髓腔明显扩大。骨髓的病变特征为大片灶性或弥漫性骨髓坏死、溶解、渗出,髓内小血管变性、坏死。髓腔内可见轻度的炎症反应和少量纤维化。停药2周,骨坏死继续存在,骨修复活动增强,可见骨质表面附着有增多的破骨细胞或骨祖细胞和成骨细胞,有新骨形成。停药6周,软骨下区骨组织坏死程度进一步加重,平均骨陷窝空虚率达(72.9±11.4)%;股骨头负重区新骨形成少,宽大的髓腔、纤细的骨小梁、软骨下骨板菲薄或缺失仍存在,而非负重区新骨形成明显增多,坏死或陈旧的骨小梁因新骨沉积而明显增粗,表面有明显增多的骨祖细胞或成骨细胞。骨髓有范围大小不一的坏死、溶解、渗出和小血管变性坏死。与用 DEX 8周相比,停药后髓内炎症反应明显增强,纤维化增多。
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图2 用DEX 4周股骨头坏死骨组织()和骨髓坏死
溶解(↑) (HE×100)
Fig 2 Necrotic bone () and necrotic marrow (↑) in femoral
head in the 4th week of DEXtreatment (HE×100)
图3 用DEX 8周软骨下大片坏死骨() (HE×100)
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Fig 3 Extensively necrotic bone () in the subchondral region
in the 8th week of DEXtreatment (HE×100)
实验组,各时相点股骨头软骨下区平均骨陷窝空虚率随时间延长而增高,且均非常显著地高于对照组(P< 0.01),14周达最高,见表1。
表1 股骨头软骨理区平均骨陷窝空率(n=10,±s)
Tab1 Average percentage of empty osteocytic lacunaes in
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the subchondral region of femoral head(n=10,±s) Time(week)
Control
DEX-treatment
Cessation
0
2
4
6
8
10
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Percentage(%)
12.2±3.3
30.0±8.4★
36.6±4.4★
43.5±7.1★
51.8±11.7★
47.6±6.2★
72.9±11.4★
★:P<0.01 vs control
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2.2.2 电镜观察 实验组用DEX 4周,病变区的残存骨细胞变性,表现为线粒体肿胀、胞质内大小不一的脂肪滴、胞质髓鞘样变(见图4)和(或)核固缩等。骨髓细胞浆水肿、线粒体肿胀。用DEX 8周,病变区大部分骨陷窝内骨细胞消失、充满脂质,少部分骨陷窝内存留严重脂肪变性的骨细胞或破碎的细胞残迹。停药2周,骨陷窝内脂质沉积明显减少。停药6周,病变区绝大多数骨陷窝内骨细胞消失,可见极少数变性坏死的骨细胞残存。
图4 用DEX 4周骨细胞胞质髓鞘样变 (TEM×20 000)
Fig 4 Myelinlike figure in the osteocyte in the 4th
week of DEXtreatment (TEM×20 000)
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3 讨论
大量临床资料统计表明FHN的发生与持续、大剂量应用GC和一定的治疗时间有密切的关系,与小剂量长时间用药无明显关系[2~4]。我们模拟临床用药,综合文献报道与FHN相关的GC疗程中平均每天用药量,通过药物间等效和种属间剂量换算,确定给予兔2.5 mg.kg-1.d-1(相当于人1 mg.kg-1.d-1)的DEX诱导FHN。
实验结果表明,我们的用药方案直接诱导产生了典型的FHN病变。骨髓成分的坏死是骨坏死最可靠的证据[5],用DEX 4周后出现典型的骨组织和骨髓组织坏死灶,并随时间的延长而增大。骨细胞坏死、溶解是一个较缓慢的过程,因此,在临床FHN标本的坏死区中常有部分骨陷窝内残存变性坏死而未溶解的骨细胞,文献报道坏死区骨陷窝空虚率为50%~80%。我们采用平均骨陷窝空虚率以客观反映股骨头软骨下区骨组织坏死程度的变化,用DEX 8周达(51.8±11.7)%,停药6周上升为(72.9±11.4)%。电镜观察证实病灶区骨细胞经历了变性、坏死、溶解过程。这些结果说明本实验所诱导的FHN病变与临床股骨头坏死区的病理变化基本一致。Fisher(1972)等延用在脂代谢研究中的剂量,给家兔注射长效甲基强的松龙10 mg/周诱导FHN。此后,国内外研究者基本上应用相似的GC剂量。其主要病理变化为软骨下区骨陷窝空虚率升高和骨髓脂肪化,没有典型的骨组织和骨髓坏死,X线片表现为骨质疏松,与临床上FHN的变化相比有明显差距,因此,有的学者认为单纯用GC不能导致FHN[6]。我们的实验结果证实了大剂量的GC可直接诱导典型的FHN。在以往实验研究中没有诱导出典型的FHN病变,可能与忽视种属间药物的量效差异和用药剂量偏小有关。
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临床上观察到的FHN病理变化大多属于临床期。了解在停用GC后和临床前期股骨头的病理变化,对认识FHN的病理机制及其防治无疑是非常重要的。目前国内外鲜有这方面的实验报道。我们的观察表明,停药后骨组织坏死程度不仅没减轻而是进一步加重,包括髓内小血管骨髓的坏死继续存在;骨修复活动虽逐渐增强,但主要限于非负重区,负重区新骨形成少。X线片显示停药6周股骨头透亮区仍存在且周围骨质硬化,与临床早期FHN X线片变化基本相同[7]。透亮区的出现是死骨吸收的结果,而停药后透亮区在股骨头负重区继续存在与组织学观察发现该部位骨修复能力低下相符合,可能是FHN塌陷好发于负重区的病理基础之一。关于停药后FHN变化发展的病理机制目前尚不清楚,但它对于研究阻止FHN发展进入临床7期具有重要意义,有待于深入研究。
基金项目:重庆市应用基础研究项目(193)
作者简介:周强(1965.11),男,河北省乐亭县市人,博士研究生,主治医师,讲师,主要从事骨病及组织工程方面的研究。
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收稿日期:1999-09-09;修回日期:2000-01-12, 百拇医药