KTP倍频Nd∶YAG激光治疗泪道阻塞
作者:宋艳萍 徐东强 黄震金中秋 焦萍
单位:广州军区武汉总医院眼科 430070
关键词:激光;泪道阻塞
中国激光医学杂志00305摘要
目的 观察KTP(KTiPO4)倍频Nd∶YAG激光治疗各种原因所致泪道阻塞的效果。
方法 泪道阻塞患者460例520眼,男性213例,女性247例;年龄2月至75岁。病程2个月至35年。其中包括新生儿泪囊炎、泪点闭塞、泪小管阻塞、泪总管阻塞、鼻泪管阻塞、慢性泪囊炎、泪囊鼻腔吻合术后、泪小管断裂吻合术后。用带针芯的泪道探针探查泪道至阻塞处,拔出针芯,再插入KTP激光导光纤维,发射激光,清除阻塞,疏通泪道。
结果 全部病例追踪15天至38月。一次治疗的490眼中治愈481眼,失败9眼;二次治疗的30眼中,治愈23眼,失败7眼。共治愈504例,治愈率96.9%;失败16例,失败率3.1%。未见明显并发症。
, 百拇医药
结论 KTP倍频Nd∶YAG激光治疗各种原因引起的治疗泪道阻塞,安全、有效。
中图分类号: TN249;R777.2+2 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1003-9430(2000)03-0155-03
KTP Frequency-doubled Nd∶YAG Laser Treatment for LacrimalPassage Obstruction with a Report of 460 Cases
SONG Yanping, XU Dongqiang, HUANG Zhenxi, JIN Zhongqiu, JIAO Ping
Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan 430070, China
, 百拇医药
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical effects of KTP (KTiPO4) frequency-doubled Nd∶YAG laser treatment for lacrimal passage obstruction caused by various reasons.
Methods Lacrimal passage obstruction in 520 eyes of 460 patients were treated by KTP frequency-doubled Nd∶YAG laser irradiation. 213 males and 247 females., aged 2 months-75 years, with a disease duration 2 months-35 years, were included in this group. The 520 diseased eyes were diagnosed as neonatal dacryocystitis, dacryon closure, obstruction of the common lacrimal duct, dacryocystorhinostenosis, dacryon closure, obstruction of the common lacrimal duct, dacryocystorhinostenosis, chronic dacryocystitis, obstruction after dacryocystorhinostomy, and obstruction after canaliculostomy, respectively. The lacrimal passage was examined by a cannula with a probe reaching the obstruction site. Then the probe was removed and the optical fiber of KTP laser was inserted into the cannula. The lesion was removed by exposure to laser irradiation and the lacrimal passage was smoothly re-opened.
, http://www.100md.com
Result All the cases followed up for 15 days-38 months. Among the 490 eyes which received only one treatment, there were 481 eyes cured and 9 failed. Among the 30 eyes which received second treatment, 23 eyes were cured and 7 failed. The overall results were 504 eyes successfully cured (96.9%) and 16 failed (3.1%). No significant complications were observed.
Conclusions Our findings indicate that KTP frequency-doubled Nd∶YAG laser therapy is effective and safe for treatment of lacrimal passage obstruction caused by various diseased conditions.
, http://www.100md.com
Key words Laser; Lacrimal passage obstruction
KTP倍频Nd∶YAG激光是采用磷钛钾(KTiPO4)非线性倍频晶体作为腔内倍频的一种倍频Nd∶YAG激光(简称KTP激光)。我院于1996年6月至1999年10月,采用KTP激光泪道治疗机,治疗各种泪道阻塞460例520眼,疗效满意,报告如下:
材料与方法
1.对象 泪道阻塞患者460例520眼,男性213例,女性247例;年龄2个月至75岁。病程2个月至35年。其中新生儿泪囊炎18眼,泪点闭塞12眼,泪小管阻塞160眼,泪总管阻塞60眼,鼻泪管阻塞183眼,慢性泪囊炎55眼,泪囊鼻腔吻合术后不通13眼,泪小管断裂吻合手术后泪道阻塞19眼。
2.设备 (1)武汉华工激光公司生产的带导光纤维KTP泪道治疗机,波长532 nm,功率8~14 W,光纤直径0.3~0.6 mm ,脉冲宽度100~150 ns,脉冲频率3 000~5 000 pps;(2)9号空心泪道激光套针(带针芯);(3)钝头泪道冲洗针(其前端封闭,针头两侧开有小孔);(4)常规泪道冲洗物品。
, http://www.100md.com
3.术前准备 对单纯泪道阻塞者,在探针探明阻塞部位后即行激光治疗;慢性泪囊炎者先行泪道造影,以查明泪囊大小。术前用抗生素液冲洗泪道。
4.治疗方法 患者取仰卧位,用0.5%丁卡因眼液棉片夹附泪小点处3~5 min,对特别敏感的患者可用1%利多卡因注射液作滑车神经及眶下神经阻滞麻醉。先用泪点扩张器扩张泪小点,再用带针芯的泪道套针按常规泪道探通法,从下泪小点插至泪道阻塞处,拔出针芯插入激光导光纤维,对阻塞处作连续击射[1]。激光治疗参数为:脉冲频率3 000~5 000 pps,输出功率8~14 W。激光发射至光纤阻力消除并有落空感后,抽出光纤,用生理盐水冲洗泪道,确认通畅后,换用带侧孔的泪道冲洗针头,向泪道注入庆大霉素8万U加地塞米松2 mg的混合液,每日1次,并常规用抗生素眼液滴眼,1%麻黄素滴鼻,连续3~5天。分泌物较多者,需适当延长冲洗天数,待分泌物消除后,改为隔日1次。对脓性分泌物较多的慢性泪囊炎患者,在激光治疗冲洗通畅后,向泪囊内注入典必殊眼膏(含妥布霉素3.0 mg,地塞米松1.0 mg),避免再阻塞。对泪道阻塞时间长、阻塞区段长者,激光治疗后用少量低浓度丝裂霉素注射液冲洗可减少再阻塞机会。
, 百拇医药
结 果
术后随访460例520眼,随访时间15天至3年零2个月。疗效标准 治愈:泪道冲洗通畅,症状消失;无效:泪道冲洗不通,症状不消失或泪道冲洗欠通畅,症状不消失。随访结果见表1。治愈504眼,无效16眼,治愈率96.9%。
表1 KTP激光治疗泪道阻塞的疗效
Tab.1 The effect of KTP laser treatment for lacrimal passage obstruction
眼数
Eyes
一次激光 First therapy
二次激光 Second therapy
, 百拇医药
治愈 Cured
无效 Failed
治愈 Cured
无效 Failed
新生儿泪囊炎 Neonatal dacryocystitis
18
18
0
0
0
泪点闭塞 Dot closure
12
, http://www.100md.com
8
0
4
0
泪小管阻塞 Obstruction of lacrimal canalicular
160
156
0
4
0
泪总管阻塞 Obstruction of general lacrimaler canalicular
, 百拇医药 60
52
2
4
2
鼻泪管阻塞 Dacryocystorhinostenosis
183
178
2
2
1
慢性泪囊炎 Chronic dacryocystitis
, 百拇医药 55
41
1
9
4
泪囊鼻腔吻合术后 After dacryocystorhinostomy
13
9
4
0
0
泪小管断裂吻合术后 After canaliculostomy
, 百拇医药
19
19
0
0
0
合 计 Total
520
481
9
23
7
讨 论
1.Nd∶YAG波长为1 064 nm, KTP泪道激光为Nd∶YAG激光倍频后的激光,波长为532 nm。与
, http://www.100md.com
Nd∶YAG激光相比,KTP激光具有更窄的激光脉冲宽度和极高的功率密度。热扩散效应很小,穿透组织浅,对周围组织损伤小,汽化组织的能力很强,而不是Nd∶YAG激光所引起的凝固炭化作用,故使组织切割面更光滑,而且532 nm激光的光纤传输性也很好。由于是可见光,手术过程中可以用鼻内镜监测。因此,KTP激光比目前自由运转的低重复率
Nd∶YAG 激光在泪道手术中性能更优越,是泪道手术较为理想的激光器。由于以上特性,KTP激光治疗各种泪道阻塞成功率高,这在我们的520眼的治疗中得到证实。
2.对慢性泪囊炎的治疗[2,3],术前用广谱抗生素液冲洗至无脓,用激光击通后,再注入典必殊眼膏,2~3天后可提高激光治疗的成功率。
3.泪道阻塞时间长、阻塞区段长者,激光治疗后用少量低浓度丝裂霉素注射液(0.2~0.4 mg/ml)冲洗并保留3 min后用生理盐水冲去残留药液。由于丝裂霉素生物活性降低后成为DNA的一烷基化物质,可交替抑制细胞增殖[4],减少再阻塞机会。
, http://www.100md.com
4.泪囊鼻腔吻合术后失败者,可用激光在原吻合口或原鼻泪管阻塞区重新建立通道。若手术区瘢痕不重,激光可打通。若瘢痕化过于严重,则激光难以成功。
5.外伤性泪小管断裂吻合术后失败者,若泪小管对合好,只因吻合端瘢痕造成阻塞,可用激光治疗。若泪小管断端根本没有吻合,或原来作吻合术后断端错位,则激光治疗无效。
典型病例:吴某,男,28岁,因外伤致左下泪小管断裂,于1998年2月,在局麻下行泪小管吻合术。术后留置义管泪道冲洗通畅,一月后拔留置管,再一周后复查,发现左下泪小管阻塞。同年3月行KTP激光治疗,一次成功解除阻塞,随访6月无复发。
作者简介: 宋艳萍(1962- ),女,湖北潜江人,广州军区武汉总医院眼科主治医师,主要从事眼科激光专业。
参 考 文 献
, http://www.100md.com [1] 宋艳萍,金中秋,黄震,等. Nd∶YAG激光泪道成形术[J]. 中国实用眼科杂志,1999,17:692-693.
[2] 王圣祥,林炎官,王茹华. Nd∶YAG激光重建鼻泪管治疗慢性泪囊炎[J]. 中国实用眼科杂志,1997,15:309-310.
[3] 孙叙清,戴青,罗丰年. 鼻泪管激光重建治疗慢性泪囊炎[J]. 中华眼科杂志,1994,30:457.
[4] 李凤鸣. 眼科全书. 中册[M]. 北京:人民卫生出版社,1996. 2018.
(收稿日期:1999-12-13), http://www.100md.com
单位:广州军区武汉总医院眼科 430070
关键词:激光;泪道阻塞
中国激光医学杂志00305摘要
目的 观察KTP(KTiPO4)倍频Nd∶YAG激光治疗各种原因所致泪道阻塞的效果。
方法 泪道阻塞患者460例520眼,男性213例,女性247例;年龄2月至75岁。病程2个月至35年。其中包括新生儿泪囊炎、泪点闭塞、泪小管阻塞、泪总管阻塞、鼻泪管阻塞、慢性泪囊炎、泪囊鼻腔吻合术后、泪小管断裂吻合术后。用带针芯的泪道探针探查泪道至阻塞处,拔出针芯,再插入KTP激光导光纤维,发射激光,清除阻塞,疏通泪道。
结果 全部病例追踪15天至38月。一次治疗的490眼中治愈481眼,失败9眼;二次治疗的30眼中,治愈23眼,失败7眼。共治愈504例,治愈率96.9%;失败16例,失败率3.1%。未见明显并发症。
, 百拇医药
结论 KTP倍频Nd∶YAG激光治疗各种原因引起的治疗泪道阻塞,安全、有效。
中图分类号: TN249;R777.2+2 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1003-9430(2000)03-0155-03
KTP Frequency-doubled Nd∶YAG Laser Treatment for LacrimalPassage Obstruction with a Report of 460 Cases
SONG Yanping, XU Dongqiang, HUANG Zhenxi, JIN Zhongqiu, JIAO Ping
Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan 430070, China
, 百拇医药
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical effects of KTP (KTiPO4) frequency-doubled Nd∶YAG laser treatment for lacrimal passage obstruction caused by various reasons.
Methods Lacrimal passage obstruction in 520 eyes of 460 patients were treated by KTP frequency-doubled Nd∶YAG laser irradiation. 213 males and 247 females., aged 2 months-75 years, with a disease duration 2 months-35 years, were included in this group. The 520 diseased eyes were diagnosed as neonatal dacryocystitis, dacryon closure, obstruction of the common lacrimal duct, dacryocystorhinostenosis, dacryon closure, obstruction of the common lacrimal duct, dacryocystorhinostenosis, chronic dacryocystitis, obstruction after dacryocystorhinostomy, and obstruction after canaliculostomy, respectively. The lacrimal passage was examined by a cannula with a probe reaching the obstruction site. Then the probe was removed and the optical fiber of KTP laser was inserted into the cannula. The lesion was removed by exposure to laser irradiation and the lacrimal passage was smoothly re-opened.
, http://www.100md.com
Result All the cases followed up for 15 days-38 months. Among the 490 eyes which received only one treatment, there were 481 eyes cured and 9 failed. Among the 30 eyes which received second treatment, 23 eyes were cured and 7 failed. The overall results were 504 eyes successfully cured (96.9%) and 16 failed (3.1%). No significant complications were observed.
Conclusions Our findings indicate that KTP frequency-doubled Nd∶YAG laser therapy is effective and safe for treatment of lacrimal passage obstruction caused by various diseased conditions.
, http://www.100md.com
Key words Laser; Lacrimal passage obstruction
KTP倍频Nd∶YAG激光是采用磷钛钾(KTiPO4)非线性倍频晶体作为腔内倍频的一种倍频Nd∶YAG激光(简称KTP激光)。我院于1996年6月至1999年10月,采用KTP激光泪道治疗机,治疗各种泪道阻塞460例520眼,疗效满意,报告如下:
材料与方法
1.对象 泪道阻塞患者460例520眼,男性213例,女性247例;年龄2个月至75岁。病程2个月至35年。其中新生儿泪囊炎18眼,泪点闭塞12眼,泪小管阻塞160眼,泪总管阻塞60眼,鼻泪管阻塞183眼,慢性泪囊炎55眼,泪囊鼻腔吻合术后不通13眼,泪小管断裂吻合手术后泪道阻塞19眼。
2.设备 (1)武汉华工激光公司生产的带导光纤维KTP泪道治疗机,波长532 nm,功率8~14 W,光纤直径0.3~0.6 mm ,脉冲宽度100~150 ns,脉冲频率3 000~5 000 pps;(2)9号空心泪道激光套针(带针芯);(3)钝头泪道冲洗针(其前端封闭,针头两侧开有小孔);(4)常规泪道冲洗物品。
, http://www.100md.com
3.术前准备 对单纯泪道阻塞者,在探针探明阻塞部位后即行激光治疗;慢性泪囊炎者先行泪道造影,以查明泪囊大小。术前用抗生素液冲洗泪道。
4.治疗方法 患者取仰卧位,用0.5%丁卡因眼液棉片夹附泪小点处3~5 min,对特别敏感的患者可用1%利多卡因注射液作滑车神经及眶下神经阻滞麻醉。先用泪点扩张器扩张泪小点,再用带针芯的泪道套针按常规泪道探通法,从下泪小点插至泪道阻塞处,拔出针芯插入激光导光纤维,对阻塞处作连续击射[1]。激光治疗参数为:脉冲频率3 000~5 000 pps,输出功率8~14 W。激光发射至光纤阻力消除并有落空感后,抽出光纤,用生理盐水冲洗泪道,确认通畅后,换用带侧孔的泪道冲洗针头,向泪道注入庆大霉素8万U加地塞米松2 mg的混合液,每日1次,并常规用抗生素眼液滴眼,1%麻黄素滴鼻,连续3~5天。分泌物较多者,需适当延长冲洗天数,待分泌物消除后,改为隔日1次。对脓性分泌物较多的慢性泪囊炎患者,在激光治疗冲洗通畅后,向泪囊内注入典必殊眼膏(含妥布霉素3.0 mg,地塞米松1.0 mg),避免再阻塞。对泪道阻塞时间长、阻塞区段长者,激光治疗后用少量低浓度丝裂霉素注射液冲洗可减少再阻塞机会。
, 百拇医药
结 果
术后随访460例520眼,随访时间15天至3年零2个月。疗效标准 治愈:泪道冲洗通畅,症状消失;无效:泪道冲洗不通,症状不消失或泪道冲洗欠通畅,症状不消失。随访结果见表1。治愈504眼,无效16眼,治愈率96.9%。
表1 KTP激光治疗泪道阻塞的疗效
Tab.1 The effect of KTP laser treatment for lacrimal passage obstruction
眼数
Eyes
一次激光 First therapy
二次激光 Second therapy
, 百拇医药
治愈 Cured
无效 Failed
治愈 Cured
无效 Failed
新生儿泪囊炎 Neonatal dacryocystitis
18
18
0
0
0
泪点闭塞 Dot closure
12
, http://www.100md.com
8
0
4
0
泪小管阻塞 Obstruction of lacrimal canalicular
160
156
0
4
0
泪总管阻塞 Obstruction of general lacrimaler canalicular
, 百拇医药 60
52
2
4
2
鼻泪管阻塞 Dacryocystorhinostenosis
183
178
2
2
1
慢性泪囊炎 Chronic dacryocystitis
, 百拇医药 55
41
1
9
4
泪囊鼻腔吻合术后 After dacryocystorhinostomy
13
9
4
0
0
泪小管断裂吻合术后 After canaliculostomy
, 百拇医药
19
19
0
0
0
合 计 Total
520
481
9
23
7
讨 论
1.Nd∶YAG波长为1 064 nm, KTP泪道激光为Nd∶YAG激光倍频后的激光,波长为532 nm。与
, http://www.100md.com
Nd∶YAG激光相比,KTP激光具有更窄的激光脉冲宽度和极高的功率密度。热扩散效应很小,穿透组织浅,对周围组织损伤小,汽化组织的能力很强,而不是Nd∶YAG激光所引起的凝固炭化作用,故使组织切割面更光滑,而且532 nm激光的光纤传输性也很好。由于是可见光,手术过程中可以用鼻内镜监测。因此,KTP激光比目前自由运转的低重复率
Nd∶YAG 激光在泪道手术中性能更优越,是泪道手术较为理想的激光器。由于以上特性,KTP激光治疗各种泪道阻塞成功率高,这在我们的520眼的治疗中得到证实。
2.对慢性泪囊炎的治疗[2,3],术前用广谱抗生素液冲洗至无脓,用激光击通后,再注入典必殊眼膏,2~3天后可提高激光治疗的成功率。
3.泪道阻塞时间长、阻塞区段长者,激光治疗后用少量低浓度丝裂霉素注射液(0.2~0.4 mg/ml)冲洗并保留3 min后用生理盐水冲去残留药液。由于丝裂霉素生物活性降低后成为DNA的一烷基化物质,可交替抑制细胞增殖[4],减少再阻塞机会。
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4.泪囊鼻腔吻合术后失败者,可用激光在原吻合口或原鼻泪管阻塞区重新建立通道。若手术区瘢痕不重,激光可打通。若瘢痕化过于严重,则激光难以成功。
5.外伤性泪小管断裂吻合术后失败者,若泪小管对合好,只因吻合端瘢痕造成阻塞,可用激光治疗。若泪小管断端根本没有吻合,或原来作吻合术后断端错位,则激光治疗无效。
典型病例:吴某,男,28岁,因外伤致左下泪小管断裂,于1998年2月,在局麻下行泪小管吻合术。术后留置义管泪道冲洗通畅,一月后拔留置管,再一周后复查,发现左下泪小管阻塞。同年3月行KTP激光治疗,一次成功解除阻塞,随访6月无复发。
作者简介: 宋艳萍(1962- ),女,湖北潜江人,广州军区武汉总医院眼科主治医师,主要从事眼科激光专业。
参 考 文 献
, http://www.100md.com [1] 宋艳萍,金中秋,黄震,等. Nd∶YAG激光泪道成形术[J]. 中国实用眼科杂志,1999,17:692-693.
[2] 王圣祥,林炎官,王茹华. Nd∶YAG激光重建鼻泪管治疗慢性泪囊炎[J]. 中国实用眼科杂志,1997,15:309-310.
[3] 孙叙清,戴青,罗丰年. 鼻泪管激光重建治疗慢性泪囊炎[J]. 中华眼科杂志,1994,30:457.
[4] 李凤鸣. 眼科全书. 中册[M]. 北京:人民卫生出版社,1996. 2018.
(收稿日期:1999-12-13), http://www.100md.com