SOCON内固定器在治疗腰椎退行性滑脱中的应用
作者:沈建雄 邱贵兴 赵宏 金今 翁习生 王以朋
单位:100730北京,中国协和医科大学北京协和医院骨科
关键词:腰椎;脊椎前移;内固定器;外科手术
中华骨科杂志000504
【摘要】目的观察腰椎管减压、横突间植骨和SOCON内固定手术治疗不稳定型退行性腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄患者的早期临床疗效。方法从1997年12月~1999年1月,21例腰椎退行性滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄的患者,经长期(6~12个月)严格保守治疗失败后,入院接受腰椎管减压、横突间植骨和SOCON内固定手术。21例中表现为下腰痛、间歇性跛行者19例,下肢疼痛者8例。经术前X线检查证实MeyerdingⅠ度滑脱18例,Ⅱ度滑脱3例;滑脱部位L3,42例,L4,512例,L5S17例。术后平均随访8.3个月(3~16个月),对照比较手术前后临床症状改善和X线片滑脱复位程度。结果21例患者中,19例术后症状完全消失。18例Ⅰ度滑脱者17例术后X线检查证实完全复位;3例Ⅱ度滑脱患者,2例完全复位,1例滑脱复位70%。21例无一例发生神经系统并发症及感染,1例患者术前因两个节段腰椎滑脱,而行三个节段腰椎固定术,术后残留部分腰痛症状;1例因合并颈椎、胸椎椎管狭窄,而残留部分跛行。结论运用SOCON内固定治疗腰椎滑脱,术后早期随访效果良好,复位满意。
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The treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with transpedicle instrument of solid connection system
SHEN Jianxiong, QIU Guixing, ZHAO Hong, et al
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, PUMC Hospital, CAMS. PUMC, Beijing 100730,China
【 Abstract】 Objective To observe the early clinical outcome of the instable degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis treated by decompressive laminectomy, intertransverse process arthrodesis with bone grafting and transpedicle instrument of solid connection(SOCON) system. Methods From December 1997 to January 1999, twenty- one patient, were diagnosed as degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis accompanied by lumbar canal stenosis by the imaging studies of plain radiographs, myelogram, computerized tomography scan and MRI. There were 6 males and 15 females, aged from 30 to 77 years old, with an average of 53.3 years. The clinical manifestations of the patients included intermittent claudication in 19, pain of lower extremity in 8. According to Meyerding classification system of lumbar spondylolisthesis, 18 cases were classified as degree 1, 3 cases degree 2. The levels of lumbar spondylolisthesis was between L 3 and L 4 in 2 patients, between L 4 and L 5 in 12, between L 5 and S 1 in 7. The decomprssion of the spinal canal stenosis was achieved by lumbar laminectomy, the concomitant intertransverse process arthrodesis was performed by means of bone chip grafting harvested from the iliac crest, and SOCON system was installed by pedicle screw fixation devices. Results The patients were followed up from 3 to 16 months, with an average of 8.3 months. The results showed that the pre- operative clinical symptoms disappeared completely in 19 of 21 patients,pain relief was seen in 90.5% . 17 of 18 cases with degree 1 and 2 of 3 degree 2 spondylolisthesis obtained complete reduction of the olisthy vertebral bodies, anatomical reduction rate was 90.5% . No infection or neurologic complication occurred in this series. Two cases suffered from residual symptoms. One case sustained residual low back pain, which received the three segmental lumbar fixations, because of the two lumbar spondylolisthesis, another one was associated with cervical and thoracic stenosis, the claudication of this case did not recovered completely. Conclusion This study showed decompressive laminectomy, intertransverse process arthrodesis and transpedicle instrument of SOCON system in the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis have the advantages of satisfactory preliminary clinical result, high reduction rate and low complication.
, 百拇医药
【 Key words】 Lumbar vertebrae;Spondylolisthesis; Internal fixators; Surgical procedures,operative
虽然大多数腰椎退行性滑脱患者对保守治疗反应良好,但仍有20%的患者经严格保守治疗后无效,生活质量受到影响,需行手术治疗[1]。目前临床常用的手术方法主要有三种,即单纯椎板减压、椎板减压加脊柱融合、或在椎板减压脊柱融合基础上的内固定。我院骨科自1997年12月开始,采用椎板减压、横突间植骨融合及SOCON(solidconnection,SOCON)内固定方法治疗了21例腰椎退行性滑脱患者,术后平均随访8.3个月(3~16个月),早期临床随访结果显示满意率为90.5%,滑脱完全复位率达90.5%,无感染和神经系统并发症发生。
临床资料
一、一般资料
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我院骨科自1997年12月~1999年1月共收治合并腰椎管狭窄的腰椎退行性滑脱患者21例,经严格保守治疗(6~12个月)无效而施行腰椎管减压、横突间植骨和SOCON内固定手术。其中男6例,女15例;年龄30~77岁,平均53.3岁。临床表现:下腰痛13例,合并下肢痛6例,单纯下肢痛2例。其中19例有间歇性跛行,步行能力10~1000m,平均200m。术前检查,6例有患肢足外侧痛觉减退、跟腱反射减弱。影像学检查包括拍摄腰椎正、侧位,双斜位,前屈、后伸位X线片,21例均显示为退行性滑脱,X线前屈、后伸位片示滑脱位移4~10mm,平均5mm。根据Meyerding滑脱分类标准[2],术前Ⅰ度滑脱18例;Ⅱ度滑脱3例,包括1例因其他内固定术失败后的翻修手术患者。滑脱部位:L3,42例,L4,512例,L5S17例。术前行CT检查12例,脊髓造影11例,CTM检查5例,MRI检查7例。影像学结果与临床症状相符,证实存在腰椎管狭窄症,其中单纯一侧侧隐窝狭窄16例,双侧侧隐窝狭窄5例。
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二、手术方法
患者俯卧位,全麻下行后正中切口显露,先行椎管减压,取髂骨骨条行融合节段内的横突间植骨。按常规应用椎弓根螺钉系统,在融合节段内的椎弓根内分别拧入长度为40~55mm、直径6.5mm的SOCON螺钉,行翻修手术者选用直径为7.0mm的螺钉,然后连接纵向杆,用SOCON复位器复位。本组有12例术中应用“C”型臂X线机直接观察复位过程,待完全复位后拧紧螺母。所有患者术中均用X线机确认椎弓根螺钉位置及复位情况。伤口止血后,留置引流管,缝合切口。
三、术后处理
术后24~48h内拔除引流管,术后第2d行腰椎X线检查,以确认复位及固定情况。术后3~4d鼓励患者配戴支具坐起及早期下地活动。术后2周拆线出院。定期随访。
结果
本组21例,术后随访3~16个月,平均8.3个月。随访时症状完全消失者19例,临床满意率为90.5%(19/21),下腰痛症状完全改善率为84.6%(11/13),下肢疼痛改善率为100%(8/8),间歇性跛行改善率94.7%(18/19)。Ⅰ度滑脱完全复位率94.4%(17/18);Ⅱ度滑脱完全复位者2例,部分复位(70%)1例。本组21例滑脱完全复位率为90.5%(19/21)。2例部分复位者,1例术前因两个节段腰椎滑脱而行三个节段腰椎固定术,术后1年随访时,腰痛症状仅部分改善;另1例合并颈胸段椎管狭窄,其部分临床症状可能与此有关,术后6个月随访时,仍有部分跛行,为行颈胸椎MRI检查,取出SOCON内固定器,术中见固定节段融合良好,X线片显示无滑脱改变(图1,2)。本组无一例发生内固定失败。
, 百拇医药
图1 患者男,50岁。术前X线片示L4,5Ⅰ度滑脱移位
1a 术前X线正位片 1b 术前X线侧位片
图2 术后6个月随访时,L4,5滑脱完全复位,骨痂生长良好,横突间植骨骨性融合 2a 术后X线正位片 2b 术后X线侧位片
讨论
大多数合并腰椎管狭窄的腰椎退行性滑脱患者对短时的限制活动、非类固醇类抗炎止痛药物、理疗等保守治疗反应良好。但仍有20%的患者虽经严格保守治疗,症状仍无改善,生活质量受到影响,此时应考虑手术治疗。
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手术治疗腰椎滑脱的指征:(1)保守治疗无效,持续或反复发作的背部疼痛和下肢疼痛。(2)患者出现进行性神经损害症状包括小便障碍。(3)疼痛导致患者生活质量明显下降。除上述指征外,与临床症状体征相符的影像学表现也是决定手术与否的重要因素。目前,用于治疗腰椎退行性滑脱的手术方法有:单纯椎板减压,减压和脊柱融合,以及在减压和横突间植骨基础上运用的内固定。
Gill等[3]最先应用腰椎板减压手术治疗腰椎滑脱症,早期报告术后满意率达80%。但由于椎板减压也增加滑脱椎体的不稳定性,故许多学者认为单纯椎板减压不能缓解因腰椎不稳定所产生的症状,其术后不满意率可达30%~42%[4-7]。另有报道,腰椎板切除减压术后有15%~42%的患者滑脱加重[2,6,8]。Cedell等[9]报告的一组患者,术后无一例症状完全缓解。我们亦发现,单纯椎板减压术仅适用于某些滑脱程度不大、腰椎较僵硬的患者。
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但若在椎板减压的同时行脊柱后外侧融合手术,不仅可使融合率提高至67%~96%[7,10-12],同时74%~90%的患者症状完全改善[12,13]。
近年来,随着脊柱内固定器的不断改进和发展,应用内固定器治疗腰椎滑脱的临床报道逐渐增多,其主要目的是改善脊柱融合率,减少融合节段,缩短恢复时间,改善术后功能。目前,椎弓根螺钉内固定系统在临床上运用较为普及,其优点为短节段脊柱融合,对于因广泛椎板减压而无法使用常规钩、棒等内固定器的患者,椎弓根螺钉则为最佳选择。另外内固定器本身也可防止两侧横突间移植骨向内压迫脊髓。Bridwell等[14]对应用单纯椎板减压、椎板减压加植骨融合及减压植骨融合与椎弓根螺钉内固定三种方法治疗腰椎滑脱的术后疗效进行比较,认为以椎板减压加植骨融合并同时行内固定组的疗效最好。美国的一个多中心调查研究结果显示[15],2684例腰椎滑脱并椎管狭窄患者,内固定组与非内固定组术后满意率分别为87%和90%,相应的疼痛缓解率,两组差异无显著性意义;但内固定组融合率89%,与非内固定组的70%比较差异有显著性意义。其他并发症如感染、再手术等,两组差异无显著性意义。本组患者采用内固定后,术后满意率为90.5%,与国外报道基本一致。脊柱融合率因随访时间较短,难以判断,有待更长时间的随访。
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SOCON是近几年来在国内脊柱外科手术中运用的一种新型治疗腰椎滑脱的内固定系统。其特点为除本身的椎弓根螺钉连接系统外,另有一套复位器,通过复位器对滑脱椎体进行提拉使其复位,国外报道临床效果良好,国内尚无总结报道。我们对本组患者在行椎管减压、横突间植骨融合的基础上选用SOCON内固定器进行复位和固定,18例Ⅰ度滑脱患者17例完全复位,1例部分复位。另2例Ⅱ度滑脱者,1例完全复位,1例复位至Ⅰ度滑脱。1例翻修的Ⅱ度滑脱患者也得到完全复位。本组滑脱完全复位率达90.5%(19/21)。
对腰椎滑脱患者是否必须复位,目前尚无肯定的结论,单纯腰椎融合术后有可能形成假关节,部分患者减压以后滑脱程度加重,甚至出现马尾神经损伤。
我们认为对滑脱椎体复位不仅能恢复脊柱的正常生理弯曲,维持正常的脊柱生物力学机制,同时在解剖位置进行脊柱融合具有防止滑脱进一步加重,增强患者康复信心之功效。尽管我们提倡在不增加患者创伤及经济负担情况下,争取对滑脱的椎体解剖复位,但不能因强调滑脱复位而忽视了对腰椎滑脱的基本治疗原则,即减压和植骨融合。
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综上所述,我们认为椎管减压、横突间植骨和SOCON内固定治疗因保守治疗无效的不稳定型腰椎滑脱患者,早期随访临床疗效满意,复位效果良好,并发症少。
参 考 文 献
1,Herkowitz HN. Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. In: An HS, ed. Principles and techniques of spine surgery. [s.l.]:Williams & Wilkins, 1997. 517- 526.
2,Meyerding HW.Spondylolisthesis.Surg Gynecol Obstet,1932,54:371- 377. 3,Gill GG, Manning, JG, White HL. Surgical treatment of spondylolisthesis without spine fusion. J Bone Joint Surg, 1955, 37: 493- 497.
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4,Amuso SJ, Neff RS, Coulson DB, et al. The surgical treatment of spondylolisthesis by posterior element resection. J Bone Jiont Surg (Am), 1970, 52: 529- 536.
5,Dandy DJ, Shannon MJ. Lumbosacral subluxation (group 1 spondylolisthesis). J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 1985, 53:578- 595.
6,Davis IS, Bailey RW. Spondylolisthesis: long term follow up study of treatment with total laminectomy. Clin Orthop, 1972,(88): 46- 49.
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7,Laurent LE. Spondylolisthesis. Acta Orthop Scand, 1958,35 Suppl: 7- 91.
8,Osterman K, Lindholm TS, Laurent LE. Late results of removal of the loose posterior element (Gill's operation) in the treatment of lytic lumbar spondylolisthesis. Clin Orthop, 1976, (117):121- 128.
9,Cedell C, Wiberg G. Longterm results of laminectomy in spondylolisthesis. Acta Othop Scand, 1970, 40:773- 776.
10,Herkowitz HN, Kurz LT. Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis: a prospective study comparing decompression with decompression and intertransverse process arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg (Am),1991, 73:802- 808.
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11,Lombardi JS, Wiltse LL, Reynolds J, et al. Treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis. Spine, 1985,10:821- 827.
12,Rombold C. Treatment of spondylolisthesis by posterolateral fusion, resection of pars interarticularis, and prompt mobilization of the patient: an end- result study of seventy three patients. J Bone Joint Surg (Am),1966,48:1282- 1300.
13,Stauffer RN, Coventry MB. Posterolateral lumbar spine fusion. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 1955,54:1195- 1204.
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14,Bridwell K,Sedgewick TA, O Brien MF, et al. The role of fusion and instrumentation in the treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis. J Spinal Disord, 1993, 6:461- 472.
15,Yuan HA, Garfin SR, Dickman CA, et al. A historical cohort study of pedicle screw fixation in thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spinal fusions. Spine, 1994, 19 Suppl 20:2279- 2296.
(收稿日期:1999-06-15), http://www.100md.com
单位:100730北京,中国协和医科大学北京协和医院骨科
关键词:腰椎;脊椎前移;内固定器;外科手术
中华骨科杂志000504
【摘要】目的观察腰椎管减压、横突间植骨和SOCON内固定手术治疗不稳定型退行性腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄患者的早期临床疗效。方法从1997年12月~1999年1月,21例腰椎退行性滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄的患者,经长期(6~12个月)严格保守治疗失败后,入院接受腰椎管减压、横突间植骨和SOCON内固定手术。21例中表现为下腰痛、间歇性跛行者19例,下肢疼痛者8例。经术前X线检查证实MeyerdingⅠ度滑脱18例,Ⅱ度滑脱3例;滑脱部位L3,42例,L4,512例,L5S17例。术后平均随访8.3个月(3~16个月),对照比较手术前后临床症状改善和X线片滑脱复位程度。结果21例患者中,19例术后症状完全消失。18例Ⅰ度滑脱者17例术后X线检查证实完全复位;3例Ⅱ度滑脱患者,2例完全复位,1例滑脱复位70%。21例无一例发生神经系统并发症及感染,1例患者术前因两个节段腰椎滑脱,而行三个节段腰椎固定术,术后残留部分腰痛症状;1例因合并颈椎、胸椎椎管狭窄,而残留部分跛行。结论运用SOCON内固定治疗腰椎滑脱,术后早期随访效果良好,复位满意。
, 百拇医药
The treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with transpedicle instrument of solid connection system
SHEN Jianxiong, QIU Guixing, ZHAO Hong, et al
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, PUMC Hospital, CAMS. PUMC, Beijing 100730,China
【 Abstract】 Objective To observe the early clinical outcome of the instable degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis treated by decompressive laminectomy, intertransverse process arthrodesis with bone grafting and transpedicle instrument of solid connection(SOCON) system. Methods From December 1997 to January 1999, twenty- one patient, were diagnosed as degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis accompanied by lumbar canal stenosis by the imaging studies of plain radiographs, myelogram, computerized tomography scan and MRI. There were 6 males and 15 females, aged from 30 to 77 years old, with an average of 53.3 years. The clinical manifestations of the patients included intermittent claudication in 19, pain of lower extremity in 8. According to Meyerding classification system of lumbar spondylolisthesis, 18 cases were classified as degree 1, 3 cases degree 2. The levels of lumbar spondylolisthesis was between L 3 and L 4 in 2 patients, between L 4 and L 5 in 12, between L 5 and S 1 in 7. The decomprssion of the spinal canal stenosis was achieved by lumbar laminectomy, the concomitant intertransverse process arthrodesis was performed by means of bone chip grafting harvested from the iliac crest, and SOCON system was installed by pedicle screw fixation devices. Results The patients were followed up from 3 to 16 months, with an average of 8.3 months. The results showed that the pre- operative clinical symptoms disappeared completely in 19 of 21 patients,pain relief was seen in 90.5% . 17 of 18 cases with degree 1 and 2 of 3 degree 2 spondylolisthesis obtained complete reduction of the olisthy vertebral bodies, anatomical reduction rate was 90.5% . No infection or neurologic complication occurred in this series. Two cases suffered from residual symptoms. One case sustained residual low back pain, which received the three segmental lumbar fixations, because of the two lumbar spondylolisthesis, another one was associated with cervical and thoracic stenosis, the claudication of this case did not recovered completely. Conclusion This study showed decompressive laminectomy, intertransverse process arthrodesis and transpedicle instrument of SOCON system in the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis have the advantages of satisfactory preliminary clinical result, high reduction rate and low complication.
, 百拇医药
【 Key words】 Lumbar vertebrae;Spondylolisthesis; Internal fixators; Surgical procedures,operative
虽然大多数腰椎退行性滑脱患者对保守治疗反应良好,但仍有20%的患者经严格保守治疗后无效,生活质量受到影响,需行手术治疗[1]。目前临床常用的手术方法主要有三种,即单纯椎板减压、椎板减压加脊柱融合、或在椎板减压脊柱融合基础上的内固定。我院骨科自1997年12月开始,采用椎板减压、横突间植骨融合及SOCON(solidconnection,SOCON)内固定方法治疗了21例腰椎退行性滑脱患者,术后平均随访8.3个月(3~16个月),早期临床随访结果显示满意率为90.5%,滑脱完全复位率达90.5%,无感染和神经系统并发症发生。
临床资料
一、一般资料
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我院骨科自1997年12月~1999年1月共收治合并腰椎管狭窄的腰椎退行性滑脱患者21例,经严格保守治疗(6~12个月)无效而施行腰椎管减压、横突间植骨和SOCON内固定手术。其中男6例,女15例;年龄30~77岁,平均53.3岁。临床表现:下腰痛13例,合并下肢痛6例,单纯下肢痛2例。其中19例有间歇性跛行,步行能力10~1000m,平均200m。术前检查,6例有患肢足外侧痛觉减退、跟腱反射减弱。影像学检查包括拍摄腰椎正、侧位,双斜位,前屈、后伸位X线片,21例均显示为退行性滑脱,X线前屈、后伸位片示滑脱位移4~10mm,平均5mm。根据Meyerding滑脱分类标准[2],术前Ⅰ度滑脱18例;Ⅱ度滑脱3例,包括1例因其他内固定术失败后的翻修手术患者。滑脱部位:L3,42例,L4,512例,L5S17例。术前行CT检查12例,脊髓造影11例,CTM检查5例,MRI检查7例。影像学结果与临床症状相符,证实存在腰椎管狭窄症,其中单纯一侧侧隐窝狭窄16例,双侧侧隐窝狭窄5例。
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二、手术方法
患者俯卧位,全麻下行后正中切口显露,先行椎管减压,取髂骨骨条行融合节段内的横突间植骨。按常规应用椎弓根螺钉系统,在融合节段内的椎弓根内分别拧入长度为40~55mm、直径6.5mm的SOCON螺钉,行翻修手术者选用直径为7.0mm的螺钉,然后连接纵向杆,用SOCON复位器复位。本组有12例术中应用“C”型臂X线机直接观察复位过程,待完全复位后拧紧螺母。所有患者术中均用X线机确认椎弓根螺钉位置及复位情况。伤口止血后,留置引流管,缝合切口。
三、术后处理
术后24~48h内拔除引流管,术后第2d行腰椎X线检查,以确认复位及固定情况。术后3~4d鼓励患者配戴支具坐起及早期下地活动。术后2周拆线出院。定期随访。
结果
本组21例,术后随访3~16个月,平均8.3个月。随访时症状完全消失者19例,临床满意率为90.5%(19/21),下腰痛症状完全改善率为84.6%(11/13),下肢疼痛改善率为100%(8/8),间歇性跛行改善率94.7%(18/19)。Ⅰ度滑脱完全复位率94.4%(17/18);Ⅱ度滑脱完全复位者2例,部分复位(70%)1例。本组21例滑脱完全复位率为90.5%(19/21)。2例部分复位者,1例术前因两个节段腰椎滑脱而行三个节段腰椎固定术,术后1年随访时,腰痛症状仅部分改善;另1例合并颈胸段椎管狭窄,其部分临床症状可能与此有关,术后6个月随访时,仍有部分跛行,为行颈胸椎MRI检查,取出SOCON内固定器,术中见固定节段融合良好,X线片显示无滑脱改变(图1,2)。本组无一例发生内固定失败。
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图1 患者男,50岁。术前X线片示L4,5Ⅰ度滑脱移位
1a 术前X线正位片 1b 术前X线侧位片
图2 术后6个月随访时,L4,5滑脱完全复位,骨痂生长良好,横突间植骨骨性融合 2a 术后X线正位片 2b 术后X线侧位片
讨论
大多数合并腰椎管狭窄的腰椎退行性滑脱患者对短时的限制活动、非类固醇类抗炎止痛药物、理疗等保守治疗反应良好。但仍有20%的患者虽经严格保守治疗,症状仍无改善,生活质量受到影响,此时应考虑手术治疗。
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手术治疗腰椎滑脱的指征:(1)保守治疗无效,持续或反复发作的背部疼痛和下肢疼痛。(2)患者出现进行性神经损害症状包括小便障碍。(3)疼痛导致患者生活质量明显下降。除上述指征外,与临床症状体征相符的影像学表现也是决定手术与否的重要因素。目前,用于治疗腰椎退行性滑脱的手术方法有:单纯椎板减压,减压和脊柱融合,以及在减压和横突间植骨基础上运用的内固定。
Gill等[3]最先应用腰椎板减压手术治疗腰椎滑脱症,早期报告术后满意率达80%。但由于椎板减压也增加滑脱椎体的不稳定性,故许多学者认为单纯椎板减压不能缓解因腰椎不稳定所产生的症状,其术后不满意率可达30%~42%[4-7]。另有报道,腰椎板切除减压术后有15%~42%的患者滑脱加重[2,6,8]。Cedell等[9]报告的一组患者,术后无一例症状完全缓解。我们亦发现,单纯椎板减压术仅适用于某些滑脱程度不大、腰椎较僵硬的患者。
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但若在椎板减压的同时行脊柱后外侧融合手术,不仅可使融合率提高至67%~96%[7,10-12],同时74%~90%的患者症状完全改善[12,13]。
近年来,随着脊柱内固定器的不断改进和发展,应用内固定器治疗腰椎滑脱的临床报道逐渐增多,其主要目的是改善脊柱融合率,减少融合节段,缩短恢复时间,改善术后功能。目前,椎弓根螺钉内固定系统在临床上运用较为普及,其优点为短节段脊柱融合,对于因广泛椎板减压而无法使用常规钩、棒等内固定器的患者,椎弓根螺钉则为最佳选择。另外内固定器本身也可防止两侧横突间移植骨向内压迫脊髓。Bridwell等[14]对应用单纯椎板减压、椎板减压加植骨融合及减压植骨融合与椎弓根螺钉内固定三种方法治疗腰椎滑脱的术后疗效进行比较,认为以椎板减压加植骨融合并同时行内固定组的疗效最好。美国的一个多中心调查研究结果显示[15],2684例腰椎滑脱并椎管狭窄患者,内固定组与非内固定组术后满意率分别为87%和90%,相应的疼痛缓解率,两组差异无显著性意义;但内固定组融合率89%,与非内固定组的70%比较差异有显著性意义。其他并发症如感染、再手术等,两组差异无显著性意义。本组患者采用内固定后,术后满意率为90.5%,与国外报道基本一致。脊柱融合率因随访时间较短,难以判断,有待更长时间的随访。
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SOCON是近几年来在国内脊柱外科手术中运用的一种新型治疗腰椎滑脱的内固定系统。其特点为除本身的椎弓根螺钉连接系统外,另有一套复位器,通过复位器对滑脱椎体进行提拉使其复位,国外报道临床效果良好,国内尚无总结报道。我们对本组患者在行椎管减压、横突间植骨融合的基础上选用SOCON内固定器进行复位和固定,18例Ⅰ度滑脱患者17例完全复位,1例部分复位。另2例Ⅱ度滑脱者,1例完全复位,1例复位至Ⅰ度滑脱。1例翻修的Ⅱ度滑脱患者也得到完全复位。本组滑脱完全复位率达90.5%(19/21)。
对腰椎滑脱患者是否必须复位,目前尚无肯定的结论,单纯腰椎融合术后有可能形成假关节,部分患者减压以后滑脱程度加重,甚至出现马尾神经损伤。
我们认为对滑脱椎体复位不仅能恢复脊柱的正常生理弯曲,维持正常的脊柱生物力学机制,同时在解剖位置进行脊柱融合具有防止滑脱进一步加重,增强患者康复信心之功效。尽管我们提倡在不增加患者创伤及经济负担情况下,争取对滑脱的椎体解剖复位,但不能因强调滑脱复位而忽视了对腰椎滑脱的基本治疗原则,即减压和植骨融合。
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综上所述,我们认为椎管减压、横突间植骨和SOCON内固定治疗因保守治疗无效的不稳定型腰椎滑脱患者,早期随访临床疗效满意,复位效果良好,并发症少。
参 考 文 献
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14,Bridwell K,Sedgewick TA, O Brien MF, et al. The role of fusion and instrumentation in the treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis. J Spinal Disord, 1993, 6:461- 472.
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(收稿日期:1999-06-15), http://www.100md.com