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心房超常传导的临床意义初探
http://www.100md.com 《第三军医大学学报》 2000年第9期
     作者:宋治远 何国祥 迟路湘 史光鉴 舒茂琴 庄国强

    单位:宋治远(第三军医大学附属西南医院心血管内科,重庆 400038);何国祥(第三军医大学附属西南医院心血管内科,重庆 400038);迟路湘(第三军医大学附属西南医院心血管内科,重庆 400038);史光鉴(第三军医大学附属西南医院心血管内科,重庆 400038);舒茂琴(第三军医大学附属西南医院心血管内科,重庆 400038);庄国强(第三军医大学附属西南医院心血管内科,重庆 400038)

    关键词:心房;超常传导;心律失常

    第三军医大学学报000921 提 要: 目的 探讨心房超常传导(SNC)的发生率及临床意义。方法 对90例无器质性心脏病患者进行系统电生理检查,观察有无SNC发生及心房超常传导带(SNCZ)与传导时间最大减少值(MDCT);并根据心内电生理检查时能否诱发出房性心律失常而分为两组(诱发出房性心律失常者为Ⅰ组、未诱发出者为Ⅱ组),比较两组SNC的检出率,探讨SNC与房性心律失常的相关性。结果 90例患者中43例(47.78%)有SNC现象,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ两组SNC的发生率分别为70.00%与36.67%;而43例有SNC现象者中21例(48.84%)有诱发的房性心律失常,47例无SNC者中仅9例(19.17%)有诱发的房性心律失常,两者比较相差非常显著(P<0.01)。结论 SNC的发生与房性心律失常的诱发呈正相关。
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    中图法分类号: R331.38; R541.7 文献标识码: A

    文章编号:1000-5404(2000)09-0887-02

    Clinical significance of supernormal atrial conduction

    SONG Zhi-yuan

    (Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038,China)

    HE Guo-xiang

    (Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038,China)
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    CHI Lu-xiang

    (Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038,China)

    SHI Guang-jian

    (Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038,China)

    SHU Mao-qing

    (Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038,China)
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    ZHUANG Guo-qiang

    (Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038,China)

    Abstract: Objective To investigate the incidence clinical significance of supernormal atrial conduction (SNC). Methods The SNC, supernormal atrial conduction zone (SNCZ) and maximum decrease in conduction time (MDCT) were examined with routine intracardiac electrophysiologic techniques in 90 cases of non-organic cadiac diseases. According to the induction of atrial arrhythmia during examination, the patients were divided into group Ⅰ in which atrial arrhythmia were induced and group Ⅱ in which no atrial arrhythmia were induced. In these 2 groups, the detactable rates of SNC were compared and the correlationship between SNC and atrial arrhythmia was analyzed. Results Compared with group Ⅱ (36.67%), the incidence of SNC was increased significantly in group Ⅰ (70.00%) (P<0.01). Among 43 patients with SNC, 21 patients (48.84%) had the induced atrial arrhythmia. But among 47 patients without SNC, 9 patients (19.17%) had the induced atrial arrhythmia. Obvious difference was found in these 2 groups (P<0.01). Conclusion It suggests that there is well correlation between SNC and atrial arrhythmia.
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    Key words: atrial; supernormal conduction; arrhythmia

    临床心电生理研究已证明人类心脏有心房超常传导(Supernormal atrial conduction,SNC)现象[1],但其临床意义尚不十分清楚。本研究目的旨在探讨SNC的发生率及其临床意义。

    1 资料与方法

    1.1 研究对象 选择1996年3月至1999年10月在我科接受系统电生理

    检查的90例[男43例、女47例,平均年龄(40.67±12.59)岁]患者为研究对象,其中75例为因房室结折返性心动过速及房室折返性心动过速在射频消融术后进行的系统电生理检查,另15例因阵发性心悸为明确诊断而受检,均无阵发性房性心动过速、心房扑动及心房纤颤史。所有患者经常规化验、X线胸片、24 h动态心电图、超声心动图或冠状动脉造影等检查,除外器质性心脏病。
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    1.2 方法

    1.2.1心电生理检测 局麻下穿刺血管,沿左锁骨下静脉放入四极电极导管至冠状静脉窦(CS), 沿左、右股静脉放入2根四极电极导管分别至高位右房及希氏束处,用八导电生理记录仪同步记录体表心电图Ⅰ、Ⅱ导联及CS1-2、CS3-4双极电图与希氏束电图,用高位右房电极行S1-S2程控刺激(S1-S1 500-600 ms,8∶1,反扫10 ms),直至心房不应期或诱发房性心律失常,并用50~100 mm/s的纸速连续记录。

    1.2.2 观察指标 以RA表示希氏束电图上右房除极波,以LA表示冠状窦远端左房除极波,分别测量S1-S2、RA1-RA2、LA1-LA2、S1-RA1、S2-RA2、S1-LA1与S2-LA2时限,观察:①有无SNC发生。即当S2-RA2和S2-LA2时限分别短于S1-RA1和S1-LA1时,或RA1-RA2与LA1-LA2时限短于S1-S2时,表明有SNC发生。②心房超常传导带(SNCZ),指能使心房发生超常传导的早搏刺激(S2),其最长与最短联律间期之间的时限。③传导时间最大减少值(MDCT),指S2-RA2和S2-LA2分别较S1-RA1和S1-LA1缩短的最大值。
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    1.2.3 分组 在心内电生理检查中,经心房刺激诱发出房性心律失常(持续时间≥5 s的心房纤颤、心房扑动或房性心动过速)者为Ⅰ组,未诱发出房性心律失常者为Ⅱ组。

    1.2.4 统计学处理 数据用x±s及百分率表示,组间比较用t检验及χ2检验。

    2 结果

    2.1 房性心律失常诱发情况

    90例患者中,在心内电生理检查时有30例(33.33%)诱发出房性心律失常(Ⅰ组),持续时间5s至17min不等(持续时间<5s者未计入其内),另60例未诱发出房性心律失常(Ⅱ组)。

    2.2 SNC检出情况 90例患者中43例(47.78%)有SNC现象,两组患者SNC检出率及MDCT、SNCZ平均值详见表1。
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    表1 两组SNC检出率及MDCT、SNCZ值的比较

    Tab 1 Comparison of detactable rate of SNC and valueof MDCT, SNCZ Group

    Detactable rate of SNC(%)

    MDCT(t/ms)

    SNCZ(t/ms)

    Ⅰ(n=30)

    70.00(21/30)

    12.31±5.98

    62.31±22.92
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    Ⅱ(n=60)

    36.67(22/60)

    10.81±3.40

    63.75±14.09

    Ⅰ: Atrial arrhythmia; Ⅱ: Without atrial arrhythmia;

    △:P<0.01 vs group Ⅱ

    2.3 SNC与房性心律失常的关系

    43例有SNC现象者中21例(48.84%)有诱发的房性心律失常,而47例无SNC者中仅9例(19.17%)有诱发的房性心律失常,两者比较相差非常显著(P<0.01)。

    3 讨论
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    SNC是一种特殊的心电生理现象,过去认为,只有在病变的组织才有超常期传导[2],并认为其可能与折返激动的发生有关[3],Agha等[4]报道的5例有SNC者中,3例有原发性传导系统病变,另2例则分别患有冠心病与风心病;而最近研究结果表明,正常人心脏也可能有SNC存在。Centurion等[1]通过对无明确器质性心脏病的患者进行系统的心电生理研究发现,半数以上的患者有SNC现象;本组患者中75例虽有房室结折返性心动过速及房室折返性心动过速,但均无明确器质性心脏病,与Centurion等选择的研究对象相似,而SNC的发生率(47.78%)却较Centurion等报道的结果稍低,其可能与研究对象的选择不同有关。

    SNC的发生是否与房性心律失常有关,尚无定论。Centurion等[5]通过对病态窦房结综合征(病窦)患者研究发现,病窦伴阵发性心房纤颤患者SNC的发生率较对照组明显降低,认为心房纤颤的发生与SNC呈负相关。本研究对象均无器质性心脏病,并得出相反结果,即在电生理检查中诱发出阵发性心房纤颤、心房扑动及房性心动过速者,SNC的发生率(70.00%)较未诱发出房性心律失常者(36.67%)明显增高(P<0.01);且有SNC者近半数诱发出房性心律失常,而无SNC者中,房性心律失常诱发率仅为19.17%,两者比较相差非常显著(P<0.01),表明SNC的发生与房性心律失常的诱发呈正相关。但心电生理检查诱发出房性心律失常者,日后是否会有自发性房性心律失常发生,尚有待进一步研究观察。
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    作者简介:宋治远(1956-),男,河南省原阳县人,硕士,主任医师,教授,主要从事心电生理与心律失常方面的研究,发表论文25篇。电话:(023)68754118

    参考文献:

    [1] Centurion O A, Shimizu A, Isomoto S, et al. Incidence and electrophysiologic characteristics of supernormal atrial conduction in humans[J]. J Electrocardiology, 1994,27(1):61-69.

    [2] 杨心田.超常传导与伪超常传导[J]. 临床心脏电生理学, 1992, 2(2):122-127.

    [3] Iinuma H, Dreifus L S, Bianchi J, et al. Supernormal response and conduction in depressed isolated canine ventricular muscle exposed to high potassium concentration[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol , 1983, 1(3):830-839.
, 百拇医药
    [4] Agha A S, Castillo C A, Castellanos A J, et al. Supernormal conduction in human atria[J]. Circulation,1972, 46(3):522-527.

    [5] Centurion O A, Isomoto S, Shimizu A, et al. Supernormal atrial conduction and its relation to atrial vulnerability and atrial fibrillation in patients with sick sinus syndrome and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation[J]. Am Heart J, 1994, 128(1):88-95.

    收稿日期:2000-01-15;修回日期:2000-03-15, 百拇医药