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人胎阑尾IAPP-、SS-及5-HT免疫反应性细胞的免疫组织化学研究
http://www.100md.com 《解剖学报》 1998年第4期
     作者:梁文妹 石爱荣 何素云

    单位:贵阳医学院组织学胚胎学教研室;550004 北京医科大学组织学与胚胎学系

    关键词:胰岛淀粉样多肽;生长抑素;5-羟色胺;阑尾;人胎儿

    解剖学报/980424 摘 要 为了探讨胰岛淀粉样多肽(IAPP)在人胎阑尾中的个体发生及其与其他生物活性物质的关系,用免疫组织化学PAP法,对36例12~38周人胎阑尾中IAPP免疫反应性(IR)细胞、生长抑素(SS)-IR细胞和5-羟色胺(5-HT)-IR细胞进行定位研究。结果表明,胎12周,阑尾上皮中已可见到SS-IR细胞,而IAPP-及5-HT-IR细胞于14周才见到。在整个胎期,阑尾中的IAPP-及SS-IR细胞始终分散存在,数量较少;而5-HT-IR细胞数量随胎龄增长而发生变化,胎15~21周为高峰期。经邻片比较观察,未见到IAPP与SS或5-HT在同一细胞有共存现象。本研究表明,胎期阑尾的内分泌细胞已可合成IAPP、SS及5-HT。
, 百拇医药
    现已证实,胰岛淀粉样多肽(islet amyloid polypeptide, IAPP)是正常胰岛细胞合成和分泌的一种多肽激素,并发现IAPP也存在于成人及大鼠胃肠道[1]。我们曾报道了大鼠胚胎期胃肠道IAPP免疫反应性(IR)细胞的个体发生及定位研究[2],也对大鼠胚胎期胃肠道IAPP与生长抑素(somatostatin, SS)的共存进行了观察,但在人胎胃肠道是否也有IAPP-IR细胞存在,及其与其他生物活性物质在人胎胃肠道有无共存,目前国内外尚未见报道。本研究应用免疫组织化学方法,对人胎阑尾IAPP-、SS-及5-HT-IR细胞的定位及个体发生进行了观察。

    材料和方法

    1. 取材及标本制备

    收集因故中止妊娠、水囊引产的人胎儿36例,测量其顶臀长,按Patten法计算胎龄分别为12~38周(附表)。胚胎在离开母体1~2h内,取阑尾,入Bouin液固定20~24h,石蜡包埋,制成3μm厚的连续切片。每例观察切片3张以上,切片间隔27μm。
, 百拇医药
    附表 胎龄及例数分布

    Table Crown-rump length associated

    with gestational ages 胎龄(周)

    gestational

    ages(week)

    顶臀长

    crown-rump

    length(mm)

    例数

    measured cases

    12~14
, 百拇医药
    80~110

    5

    15~18

    115~165

    10

    19~21

    168~200

    8

    22~27

    210~260

    6

    28~30

    270~290
, 百拇医药
    6

    38

    新生儿

    1

    2. 免疫组织化学染色

    按免疫组织化学PAP法染色。切片经常规脱蜡入水,用甲醇-H2O2封闭后,正常羊血清(1∶50)30 min;取3张相邻切片,中间1张滴加兔IAPP抗血清(1∶4 000,Peninsula Lab, USA产品)、另2张分别滴加兔SS抗血清(1∶1 000,第二军医大学提供)和兔5-HT抗血清(1∶6 000,第四军医大学提供);羊抗兔IgG(1∶50),PAP复合物(1∶100),DAB-H2O2液显色,苏木精复染胞核,树胶封片。

    方法对照:以PBS代替特异性抗血清,其余步骤同上述。结果和讨论
, 百拇医药
    用PAP法显示的胎儿阑尾IAPP-、SS-及5-HT-IR细胞经DAB-H2O2液显色,其反应产物呈棕色细颗粒状,存在于胞质内。免疫组织化学方法对照均为阴性。

    1.IAPP-IR细胞的定位和个体发生

    12周胎儿阑尾内未见到IAPP-IR细胞,14周可见很少单个分散的IAPP-IR细胞分布于阑尾粘膜上皮中。15~38周,各胎龄组均有多例于粘膜表面上皮及腺上皮中见到单个、分散的IAPP-IR细胞,胞体多呈圆形、卵圆形,也有的呈柱状或锥形,胎期阑尾中IAPP-IR细胞的共同特点为细胞胞体较小,均近上皮游离端分布(图1,2)。据此,我们推测IAPP-IR细胞是否如同绒毛顶端具有感觉-内分泌作用的濑木帽[3]一样,具有感受肠腔信息的功能?但对此尚需进一步探讨。可偶见位于固有膜中的IAPP-IR细胞(图3)。在胎期阑尾,IAPP-IR细胞从数量、形态到免疫染色强度均未见明显变化。
, 百拇医药
    图1 16周胎儿阑尾,↑示位于上皮近游离端呈柱状的IAPP-IR细胞 ×268

    图2 18周胎儿阑尾,↑示单个位于腺上皮近游离端的IAPP-IR细胞 ×268

    图3 16周胎儿阑尾,↑示位于固有层内的IAPP-IR细胞 ×268

    Fig 1~9 Immunohistochemical PAP method,hematoxylin counterstain

    Fig.1 The appendix at week 16 of gestation,↑showing a columnar IAPP-IR cell located near the free border of epithelium. ×268

    Fig.2 The appendix at week 18 of gestation,↑showing a IAPP-IR cell located near the free border of glandular epithelium. ×268
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    Fig.3 The appendix at week 16 of gestation,↑showing a IAPP-IR cell located in the lamina propria. ×268

    2. SS-IR细胞的定位和个体发生

    在12周胎儿阑尾中,已见到SS-IR细胞分散存在于表面上皮及肠腺上皮中,胞质内充满棕色颗粒(图4),这与Chayvialle等[4]观察,在人胎胃肠道其他部位D细胞出现的时间相似。自12~38周阑尾上皮中均可见到散在分布的SS-IR细胞,细胞呈柱状、卵圆形及梭形等,有些细胞顶部伸出细长突起达腺腔表面或粘膜表面(图5,6)。SS-IR细胞在胎期阑尾数量也稀少,多近上皮基底端散在分布。经邻片观察,未见到SS与IAPP分布有相关性。

, 百拇医药     图4 12周胎儿阑尾,↑示位于腺上皮的SS-IR细胞 ×268

    图5 20周胎儿阑尾,↑示SS-IR细胞伸出长突与肠腔接触 ×268

    图6 38周胎儿阑尾,↑示位于腺上皮的SS-IR细胞 ×134

    Fig.4 The appendix at week 12 of gestation,↑showing the SS-IR cells located in the glandular epithelium. ×268

    Fig.5 The appendix at week 20 of gestation,↑showing a SS-IR cell extending a long process contacted with intestinal cavity.×268
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    Fig.6 The appendix at week 38 of gestation,↑showing a SS-IR cell located in gladular epithelium. ×134

    3. 5-HT-IR细胞的定位和个体发生

    12周胎儿阑尾也未见5-HT-IR细胞。14周后,于粘膜表面上皮及腺上皮中可见到胞体较小、单个分布的5-HT-IR细胞。这与王福圣等[5]报道胎儿阑尾EC细胞出现的时间一致。15~21周,5-HT-IR细胞在阑尾上皮中数量增多,形态多样,有闭合型,也有开放型,且胞质内免疫染色较强(图7,8)。22周后,阑尾5-HT-IR细胞数量开始渐少,25周以后明显减少(图9)。5-HT-IR细胞在胎儿阑尾的个体发生,也表现有高峰期[6],这可能反映其在发育过程中有重要生理功能,推测5-HT有可能通过刺激肠管平滑肌收缩,与人胎消化管经急剧生长、扭转和盘曲的发育过程有关。在本研究中,也未见到5-HT与IAPP有相关分布的细胞。
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    图7 18周胎儿阑尾,示多个聚集成群的5-HT-IR细胞 ×268

    图8 20周胎儿阑尾,可见5-HT-IR细胞有些为开放型,有些为闭合型 ×134

    图9 26周胎儿阑尾,此时5-HT-IR细胞数量已经减少 ×134

    Fig.7 The appendix at week 18 of gestation, showing 5-HT-IR cells in groups. ×268

    Fig.8 The appendix at week 20 of gestation, showing 5-HT-IR cells with open or closed type. ×134

    Fig.9 The appendix at week 26 of gestation,showing the 5-HT-IR cells decreased with the gestation age.×134
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    参考文献

    [1]Toshimori H, Narita R, Nakazato, M, et al. Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) in the gestrointestinal tract and pancreas of man and rat. Cell Tissue Res, 1990,262(3):401

    [2]梁文妹,李占淳,石爱荣.胚胎及新生大鼠胃肠道IAPP免疫反应细胞的个体发生.解剖学报,1994,25(4):433

    [3]何素云.人胎小肠的组织发生.贵阳医学院学报,1988,13(4):436

    [4]Chayvialle JA, Paulin C, Dubois PM, et al. Ontogeny of somatostatin in the human gestrointestinal tract, endocrine pancreas and hypothalamsa. Acta Endocrinol, 1980, 94(1):1
, 百拇医药
    [5]王福圣,石爱荣.人胎儿胃肠道5-HT免疫活性细胞的个体发生研究——免疫组织化学观察.解剖学报,1989,20(3):282

    [6]Singh I. The prenatal development of enterochromaffin cells in the human gastro-intestinal tract. J Anat(Long) 1963, 97(3):377

    IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF IAPP-、SS- AND 5-HT-

    IMMUNOREACTIVE CELLS IN HUMAN FETAL APPENDIX

    Liang Wenmei, Shi Airong, He Suyun
, 百拇医药
    (Department of Histology and Embryology, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang; Department

    of Histology and Embryology, Beijing Medical University, Beijing)

    In order to investigate the ontogeny of the islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) and explore the relationship between IAPP and other classical hormones in human fetal appendix, the localization of IAPP immunoreactive (IR) cells, somatostatin (SS)-IR cells and 5-hydroxytryptaming (5-HT)-IR cells in 36 human fetal appendix from 12 to 38 weeks of gestation was investigated with immunohistochemical PAP method. The results showed that at 12 week of fetal age, the SS-IR cells were found in the appendix epithelium, but IAPP-and 5-HT-IR cells appeared at 14 week. In the whole fetus period, IAPP- and SS-IR cells appeared fewer and scattered, while the number of 5-HT-IR cells changed with the gestation age, showed a peak from 15 to 21 weeks of gestation. As compared with adjacent sections, the co-localization of IAPP with SS or 5-HT in the same cell was not found. The results indicated that IAPP,SS and 5-HT had been synthesized in endocrine cells of human fetal appendix.

    KEY WORDS Islet amyloid polypeptide; Somatostatin; 5-Hydroxytryptamine; Appendix; Human fetus

    △Department of Histology and Embryology, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China, 百拇医药