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二氧化氯杀灭肠出血性大肠杆菌O[157]∶H[7]影响因素试验观察
http://www.100md.com 《中国消毒学杂志》 1999年第1期
     作者:刘希真 陈春田 宋承辉 李岩 王春梅

    单位:沈阳军区军事医学研究所,沈阳110031

    关键词:二氧化氯;杀菌影响因素;温度;pH有机物大肠杆菌;O[157]∶H[7]

    中国消毒学杂志9901002 提要 400mg/L 二氧化氯溶液杀灭布片上大肠杆菌O157∶H7的D值为1.53min,浓度系数为1.36,温度系数为1.63。溶液呈酸性时,杀菌效果较好,pH 值>7者明显下降。当菌悬液含20%小牛血清时,杀菌作用明显减弱。

    EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION ON FACTORS INFLUENCING#C EFFICACY OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE#C IN KILLING ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC Escherichia coli O157∶H7
, 百拇医药
    LiuXizhen ChenChuntian SongChenghui LiYan WangChunme

    (Institute of Military Medicine of Shenyang Military Area, Shenyang 110031)

    Abstract The factors influencing the efficacy of chlorine dioxide in killing E.coli O157∶H7 were observed experimentally. The results indicated that the efficacy of 400mg/L chlorine dioxide solution in killing E.coliO157∶H7on cloth strip increased with prolonging the exposure time and the D value for killing bacteria was 1.53min. The concentration coefficient of chlorine dioxide for killing the bacteria was 1.36 and the temperature coefficient was 1.63. Good bactericidal efficacy was obtained when the pH value of the solution was 3~5, while the efficacy decreased significantly when the pH value was >7. When the bacterial suspension used for contaminating the cloth strip contained 20% calf serum, its germicidal efficacy decreased significantly.
, 百拇医药
    Key words chlorine dioxide factors influencing killing of bacteria temperature pH organic substance Escherichia coli O157∶H7

    在实验室,进行了二氧化氯对肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7(下简称大肠杆菌O157∶H7)杀灭效果影响因素的试验观察。现将结果报道如下。

    1 方法

    1.1 FK菌片的制作

    将试验菌大肠杆菌O157∶H7制成含1%小牛血清的菌悬液(菌量为108~109cfu/ml)。试验时,将该悬液滴染于1.0cm×1.0cm 脱脂亚麻布上,制成回收菌量为106~107cfu/片的菌片。
, 百拇医药
    1.2 中和剂选择试验

    试验用现制大肠杆菌O157∶H7菌片进行。试验分组为:①消毒剂菌片;②(消毒剂+菌片)+中和剂;③(消毒剂+中和剂)+菌片;④中和剂+菌片;⑤正常菌片对照;⑥未接种菌的培养基对照。试验结果,当第6组不长菌,第3、4、5组组间菌数差不超过10%,第2组长菌,第1组不长菌或菌数远少于第2组时,表明所用中和剂及其浓度适宜。

    1.3定量杀菌试验

    将以柠檬酸活化的二氧化氯溶液用蒸馏水稀释至试验浓度,取20ml加于平皿中(对照为蒸馏水)。平皿置恒温水浴加温至试验温度,再将现制菌片浸入消毒液内。作用至预定时间,取出菌片,放入装有5ml中和剂溶液的试管中。中和作用10min,用力振打试管80次,洗下菌片上菌并混匀。取该液或其稀释液0.5ml接种平皿,倾注普通营养琼脂并混匀。于37℃培养24~48h,计数菌落数,计算存活菌数与杀灭率。
, 百拇医药
    2 结果

    2.1中和剂试验结果

    试验表明,用0.2%硫代硫酸钠溶液作为2500mg/L 二氧化氯溶液的中和剂是合适的(表1)。 表1二氧化氯中和试验结果

    Table 1 Results of neutralization test for chlo-rine dioxide 组别 Group

    平均菌数(cfu/片)

    Average bacterial

    count

    (cfu/carrier)

    消毒剂+菌片
, 百拇医药
    Disinfectant+bacterial

    carrier

    0

    (消毒剂+菌片)+中和剂

    (Disinfectant+bacterialcarrier)

    +neutralizer

    710

    (消毒剂+中和剂)+菌片

    (Disinfectant+neutralizer)

    +bacterial carrier

, 百拇医药     123 000

    中和剂+菌片

    Neutralizer+bacterial

    carrier

    114 000

    正常菌片对照

    Normal bacterial

    carrier control

    128 000

    未接种菌的培养基对照

    Uninoculated culture
, 百拇医药
    medium control

    0

    注:试验菌为大肠杆菌O157∶H7。试验温度为25℃。2500mg/L二氧化氯溶液加菌后作用1min。加中和剂后作用10min。结果为3次试验平均值。

    Note:The test bacterium was E. coli O157∶H7.The temperature was 25℃. The exposure time ofE. coli to 2500mg/L chlorine dioxide solution was 1min. The neutralizing time was 10min. The results are means of 3 tests. 2.2 作用不同时间的杀菌效果
, 百拇医药
    以400mg/L 二氧化氯溶液作用1~9min,对布片上大肠杆菌O157∶H7的杀灭率随作用时间延长而增加(表2)。存活菌数之对数与作用时间呈直线负相关(图1),杀菌值为1.53 min。

    表2 二氧化氯作用不同时间对布片上大肠杆菌O157∶H7的杀灭效果

    Table 2 Efficacy of exposure to chlorine dioxide for different periods of time in killing E.coli O157∶H7 on cloth strip

    作用

    时间

    Exposure
, 百拇医药
    time

    (min)

    平均存活菌数

    (N,cfu/片)

    Average count of

    surviving bacteria

    (N,cfu/carrier)

    lg N

    平均

    杀灭率

    Average

    killing
, http://www.100md.com
    rate

    (%)

    0

    5621000

    6.750…

    1

    1548000

    6.190

    72.460

    3

    371000

    5.569

    93.400
, 百拇医药
    5

    21300

    4.328

    99.621

    7

    119

    2.076

    99.998

    9

    26

    1.415

    99.999

    注:试验温度为25℃。二氧化氯浓度为400mg/L。结果为5次试验平均值。
, http://www.100md.com
    Note: The temperature was 25℃. The concentration of chlorine dioxide was 400mg/L. The results are means of 5 tests.

    图1 400mg/L二氧化氯作用不同时间大肠杆菌O157∶H7存活数的对数

    Fig 1 Logarithm of count of surviving E. coli

    O157∶H7 exposed to 400mg/L chlorine

    dio-xide for different periods of time
, 百拇医药
    2.3 不同浓度二氧化氯的杀菌效果

    FS用400~1600mg/L 二氧化氯作用于布片上大肠杆菌O157∶H7,全部杀灭所需时间随浓度增高而减少(表3)。两者呈负指数相关(图2),浓度系数(n)为1.36。即在试验条件下,浓度减少一半,作用时间需延长2.57倍。

    表3 不同浓度二氧化氯对布片上大肠杆菌O157∶H7的杀灭作用

    Table 3 Efficacy of different concentrations of chlorine dioxide in killing FK E. coliO157∶H7 on cloth carrier

    二氧化氯浓度
, 百拇医药
    Concentration of

    chlorine dioxide

    (C,mg/L)

    lg C

    全部杀灭所需时间

    Time for complete

    killing

    (t,min)

    lgt

    400

    2.602

    12.2
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    1.086

    500

    2.699

    9.6

    0.982

    800

    2.903

    6.2

    0.792

    1200

    3.079

    3.0

    0.477
, 百拇医药
    1600

    3.204

    1.8

    0.255

    注:试验温度为25℃。阳性对照平均回收菌数为 5400000cfu/片。结果为5次试验平均值。

    Note:The temperature was 25℃. The average bacterial count of positive control group was 5400000cfu/carrier. The results are means of 5 tests.

    图2 二氧化氯全部杀灭大肠杆菌O157∶H7所需时间与其浓度的关系
, http://www.100md.com
    Fig 2 Relationship between the time required for

    complete killing of E.coli O157∶H7 and the concentration

    of chlorine dioxi

    2.4 FK温度对杀菌效果的影响

    在10~50℃,以400mg/L二氧化氯溶液作用于布片上的大肠杆菌O157∶H7。全部杀灭所需时间随温度上升而减少(表4)。温度(Y)与其作用时间(X)的关系方程为 Y=68.427-47.371lgX(r=-0.997,P< 0.01),温度系数(Q10)为1.63。
, 百拇医药
    表4 温度对二氧化氯杀灭布片上大肠杆菌 O157∶H7效果的影响

    Table 4 Influence of temperature on efficacy of chlorine dioxide in killing FK E.coli O157∶H7 on cloth carrier

    温度

    Temperature

    (℃)

    全部杀灭所需时间

    Time required for

    complete killing
, 百拇医药
    (t,min)

    lgt

    10

    16.5

    1.217

    20

    11.5

    1.061

    30

    6.0

    0.778

    40

    4.0
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    0.602

    50

    2.5

    0.398

    注:阳性对照平均回收菌数为3600000cfu/片。二氧化氯浓度为400mg/L。结果为5次试验平均值。

    Note:The average bacterial count of the positive control group was 3600000cfu/carrier. The concentration of chlorine dioxide was 400mg/L. The results are means of 5 tests. 2.5 FK有机物对杀菌效果的影响

    以小牛血清代表有机物。用500mg/L 二氧化氯溶液对染有不同浓度小牛血清大肠杆菌O157∶H7]悬液的布片作用1min。小牛血清浓度达20%时,杀菌效果有明显下降(表5)。
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    表5 小牛血清浓度对二氧化氯杀灭布片上大肠杆菌O157∶H7效果的影响

    Table 5 Influence of concentration of calf serum on efficacy of chlorine dioxide in killingE.coliO157∶H7 on cloth carrier

    小牛血清

    浓度

    Calf serum

    concentration

    (%)

    消毒后平均回收菌数
, 百拇医药
    (cfu/片)

    Average bacterial count

    after disinfection

    (cfu/carrier)

    平均杀灭率

    Average

    killing

    rate

    (%)

    10

    736

    99.960
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    20

    2 024

    99.890

    40

    10 672

    99.420

    50

    10 490

    99.430

    注:试验温度为25℃。对照平均回收菌数为 1840000cfu/片。以500mg/L二氧化氯溶液作用1min。结果为5次试验平均值。

    Note:The temperature was 25℃. The average bacteria count of the positive contol group was 1840000cfu/carrier. The exposure time of E.coli to chlorine dioxide solution was 1min. The results are means of 5 tests. 2.6 溶液pH对杀菌效果的影响
, 百拇医药
    将活化后的二氧化氯稀释成700mg/L 浓度的溶液,再用氢氧化钠或盐酸调溶液pH值。经检测,pH值为3~5的该液杀灭布片上大肠杆菌O157∶H7效果较好,而pH 值为7~9者杀菌效果明显下降(表6)。

    表6 溶液pH对二氧化氯杀灭布片上大肠杆菌O157∶H7效果的影响

    Table 6 Influence of pH of the solution on efficacy of chlorine dioxide in killing E.coli O157∶H7 on cloth carrier

    pH值

    pH value

, 百拇医药     消毒后平均回收菌数

    Average bacterial count

    after disinfection

    (cfu/carrier)

    平均杀灭率

    Average killing rate (%)

    3

    0

    100.000

    5

    650

    99.991
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    7

    5 100

    99.932

    9

    45 000

    99.397

    注:试验温度为25℃。对照平均回收菌数为7460000cfu/片。以700mg/L二氧化氯溶液作用5min。结果为5次试验平均值。

    Note:The temperature was 25℃. The average bacterial count of the positive control group was 7460000cfu/carrier. The exposure time of E.coli to 700mg/L chlorine dioxide was 5min. The results are means of 5 tests. 3 结语

    肠出血性大肠杆菌是一种新的致泻性大肠杆菌,其中O157∶H7株能致人出血性腹泻和其它严重并发症。试验结果,在25℃下,400mg/L 二氧化氯溶液对布片上该菌的杀菌D值为1.53min,作用7min杀灭率达99.99%以上。其浓度系数为1.36,温度系数为1.63。该消毒液在酸性(pH3~5)条件下杀菌效果较好,pH 值>7时杀菌作用明显下降。染布片用的菌悬液含小牛血清20%以上,对其杀菌效果有明显影响。

    (1998-04-29收稿 1998-09-18修回), 百拇医药