急性心肌梗死患者溶栓期间血清一氧化氮水平的动态观察及其临床意义
作者:莫振兆 王立毅 彭晓东 孙 杰 吴金波
单位:广东医学院附属医院内科(524001)
关键词:急性心肌梗死;溶血栓疗法;一氧化氮
广东医学990207 【摘要】 目的 探讨尿激酶(UK)溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)期间血清一氧化氮(NO)的动态变化和临床意义。方法 选择30例AMI患者行溶栓治疗(UK 100~150万u加入生理盐水100 mL静滴),在溶栓前和溶栓后第2、4、6天分别取静脉血检测血清NO、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和总抗氧化能力(TAOC),并同步检测血气分析。结果 治疗组溶栓前NO、SOD、TAOC水平明显低于对照组(P<0.001),MDA水平明显高于对照组(P<0.001);溶栓第2天后NO、SOD、TAOC水平逐渐升高,MDA水平逐渐降低,至第6天均恢复到对照组水平,与溶栓前比较差异非常显著(P<0.001);血气分析示AMI患者入院时低氧血症严重,经溶栓后氧分压(PaO2)明显升高(P<0.001),NO水平与PaO2呈正相关(r=0.278,P<0.05)。结论 AMI患者心肌在缺血缺氧时血清NO生成减少,机体抗氧化能力降低,UK溶栓治疗AMI能明显改善这一病理生理过程。
, 百拇医药
The trend of nitric oxide level of serum and its clinical significance Mo Zhenzhao, Wang Liyi, Peng Xingdong, et al. The Affilliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjing 524001
【Abstract】 Objective To study the trend of Nitric Oxide (NO) level of serum during thrombolysis therapy by means of urokinase (UK) for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its clinical significance. Methods 30 patients with AMI were selected in random to undergo the thrombolytic therapy, and a venous blood sample was taken on the 2nd, 4th and 6th days respectively after administraction of UK [(100~150)×104 U in 100 mL of physiological saline by intravcnous drip] for NO, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidative (TAOC) monitoring. Before the drug was given a sample was also needed for observation. Some of samples above were accompanied with a PaO2 test simultaneously. Results Befor treatment the levels of NO, SOD and TAOC of serum were markedly lower (P<0.001) and the level of MDA higher (P<0.001) in patients than those in control respectively. On the 2nd day following thrombolytic threrapy the levels of NO, SOD and TAOC began to rise gradually while those of MDA drop, and each of them became to return to the similar consistency that in the control (n=26). The difference of each one of them between pre-thrombolysis and past-thrombolysis was stricking (P<0.001). The blood gas analysis showed that every patient with AMI had serious hypoxidosis during hospitalization, but after thrombolysis his or her PaO2 increased markedly (P<0.001). The NO level of serum correlated positively with PaO2 (r=0.278, P<0.05). Conclusion In myocardium of patients with AMI the serum NO diminish during ischemia or anoxia, therefore, the antioxidation capacity in the body goes down. The UK therapy is able to improve soundly the pathophysiological process of AMI.
, 百拇医药
【Key words】 Acute myocardial infarction Thrombolytie therapy Nitric oxide
近年来有研究表明,冠心病发病与NO密切相关[1],当心肌缺血时血清NO水平降低[2]。但心肌缺血时血清NO水平的动态变化如何文献尚少报道。为探讨AMI溶栓治疗期间血清NO水平的动态变化和临床意义,我们于1996年2月~1998年12月对30例AMI患者在溶栓前后进行了血清NO的检测。
1 资料与方法
1.1 病例选择 治疗组30例根据临床表现、心电图演变和血清心肌酶测定均符合AMI诊断。30例中,男25例,女5例;年龄42~68岁,平均53.8岁;胸痛时间0.5~8 h,平均4.6 h;心梗部位:下壁9例,前间壁8例,广泛前壁6例,局限前壁3例,下侧壁2例,正后壁1例,前壁+右室1例。对照组26例均为成人体检健康者。两组性别、年龄经检验无统计学差异。
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1.2 治疗方法 全部患者在CCU内进行溶栓治疗,高流量吸氧和心电监护,给予UK 100~150万u加入生理盐水100 mL静滴(60 min滴完)。同时给予肝素30 mg静滴,每天1次连用5 d;阿斯匹林150 mg口服,每天1次连用5 d。
1.3 观察指标 ①溶栓前和溶栓后第2、4、6天分别取静脉血分离血清查NO、SOD、MDA、TAOC,采用752型紫外光栅分光光度计,514mc型酶标仪和微盘比色法测定。②溶栓前和溶栓后2 h查动脉血气分析,采用IL公司1400全自动血气分析仪自动检测。③溶栓前和溶栓后每2 h查血清磷酸肌酸激酶同功酶(CK-MB)共6次。
1.4 统计学处理 数据组间比较采用t或配对t检验。NO与氧分压(PaO2),NO与CK-MB进行相关系数检验。
2 结果
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2.1 治疗前后NO、SOD、MDA、TAOC检测结果 见表1。经统计显示,溶栓前NO、SOD、TAOC水平明显低于对照组(P<0.001);MDA水平明显高于对照组(P<0.001);溶栓第2天后NO、SOD、TAOC水平逐渐升高,MDA水平逐渐降低,至第6天均恢复到对照组水平,与治疗前比较差异有非常显著性(P<0.001)。
表1 两组患者治疗前后血清NO、SOD、MDA和TAOC检测结果(±s) 检测指标
对照组(n=26)
(1)
治疗组(n=30)
结果比较
治疗前(2)
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疗后2 d(3)
疗后4d(4)
疗后6d⑤
NO(μmol/L)
5.45±1.38
3.08±0.98
3.62±1.21
4.48±1.27
5.36±1.68
①vs②,②vs⑤※※※②vs④,③vs⑤※※③vs④,④vs⑤※
SOD(nμ/mL)
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128.1±18.85
91.9±13.44
108.1±16.83
117.4±20.54
120.6±21.28
①vs②,②vs⑤※※※②vs④,③vs⑤※※③vs④,④vs⑤※
MDA(μmol/L)
3.62±0.87
5.29±1.23
4.24±1.56
3.88±1.12
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3.68±0.96
①vs②,②vs⑤※※※②vs④※※③vs⑤※
TAOC(u/mL)
17.34±2.86
13.61±1.63
14.92±1.91
15.83±3.42
6.72±3.09
①vs②,②vs⑤※※※②vs④※※③vs⑤※
※ P<0.05, ※※ P<0.01,※※※ P<0.001
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2.2 PaO2和CK-MB检测结果 溶检前PaO2 6.98±0.95 kPa,溶栓2 h后PaO2 9.29±1.17 kPa (P<0.001); NO与PaO2呈正相关(r=0.278,P<0.05)。溶栓前CK-MB 109.6±29.6 U/L,溶栓后6 h CK-MB 298.3±51.4 U/L(P<0.001),NO与CK-MB呈负相关(r=-0.282,P<0.05)。3 讨论
30例AMI患者血清检测结果显示,溶栓前NO、SOD、TAOC水平降低明显(P<0.001),MDA水平升高明显(P<0.001);溶栓后NO、SOD、TAOC水平逐渐升高,DMA水平逐渐降低,至第6天恢复到对照组水平,与溶栓前比较差异非常显著(P<0.001)。检测结果表明AMI时NO生成明显减少,随着UK溶栓后心肌供血的改善,NO呈递增性升高趋势。其原因可能与心肌缺血损伤和再灌注有关[2]。
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NO为内源性的血管平滑肌松弛因子,对维护血管的松弛起重要作用。由于NO生成减少,与NO相对应的SOD、TAOC水平降低;SOD为氧自由基的重要清除剂,当心肌缺血损伤时心肌细胞内的线粒体会释出大量的氧自由基,SOD应随之升高,但本文观察结果示SOD水平相应降低,其原因还待进一步研究。AMI时机体的应激状态促使脂质过氧化反应增强,血清脂质过氧化物MDA水平相应升高。NO能灭活过氧化物,当NO生成不足时体内过氧化物产生过多[3],可促进冠脉血管内细胞和血小板粘附,诱发血管平滑肌痉挛,血栓形成和心肌损伤[4],形成恶性循环。由于心肌缺氧,体内过氧化反应增强,SOD活性降低,因而TAOC水平下降。经UK溶栓后,梗塞的冠脉再通,受累的心肌恢复了有效的血氧供应,血清NO水平第2、4、6天呈递增性升高(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001),TAOC水平亦相应升高。提示UK溶栓治疗AMI能明显改善心肌缺血损伤这一病理生理过程,提高机体抗氧化能力。有报道AMI时由于缺氧,机体处于高度的应激状态,血浆ACE活性升高,导致左心室扩张[5]。同时心肌缺血致血管内皮细胞受损,缩血管物质内皮素(ET)分泌升高,而舒血管物质NO分泌减少[6]。NO有强烈扩张血管作用[7]。NO生成减少诱发血管平滑肌痉挛是否同时与血浆ACE和ET活性升高有关还有待进一步研究。但在溶栓治疗AMI的同时应用血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制剂治疗能有效地增加冠脉血流,改善心肌缺血[8],使濒临死亡的心肌得到及时保护,左心功能得到有效修复。这可能与ACE抑制剂对抗血管紧张素Ⅱ,降低MDA,抑制氧自由基损伤,提高NO水平等因素有关。
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血气分析结果显示,患者入院时有严重的低氧血症,心肌损伤严重;经UK溶栓治疗后心肌恢复了有效的血氧供应,NO水平很快升高(P<0.05~0.001),PaO2水平迅速改善(P<0.001),CK-MB峰值前移(P<0.001),表明NO生成与血氧供应密切相关(r=0.278,P<0.05)。因此,有效的溶栓治疗AMI对恢复心肌缺血损伤和心肌血氧供应,提高NO水平十分重要。临床试验表明吸入NO对左心功能不全患者可降低肺动脉压力,增加心排血量,对左心功能产生有益的血流动力学改变。
4 参考文献
1 Warrne JB, Pons F, Brady AJB. Nitric oxide biology implications for cardiovascular therapeutics. Cardiovasc Res, 1994, 28:25
2 Pearson PJ, Schaff HV, Vanhoutte PM. Acute impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxations of aggregating platelets following reperfusion injury in canine coronary arteries. Cir Res, 1990, 67:385
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3 Weyrich AS, Ma XL, Lefer AM. The role of Larginine in ameliorationg reperfusion injury after myocardial ischemia in the cat. Circulation, 1992, 86:279
4 Ma XL, Weyrich AS, Lefer DJ, et al. Diminished basal nitric oxide release after myocardial isehemia and reperfusion promotes neutrophil adherence to coronary endothelium. Cir Res, 1993, 72:403
5 Oosterga M, Voors AA, Kam PJ, et al. Plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and left ventricular dilation after myocardial infarction. Circulation, 1997, 95:2607
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6 Masaki T, Kimura S, Yanagisawa M, et al. Molecular and cellular mechanism of endothelin regulation, implications for vascular function. Circulation, 1991, 84:1457
7 Aggard E. Nitric oxide: mediator, murderer, and medicine. Lancet, 1994, 343:119
8 Kitakaze M, Minamino T, Node K, et al. Beneficial effects of inhibition of angiotension-converting enzyme on ischemic myocardium during coronary hypoperfusion in dogs. Circulation, 1995, 92:950, 百拇医药
单位:广东医学院附属医院内科(524001)
关键词:急性心肌梗死;溶血栓疗法;一氧化氮
广东医学990207 【摘要】 目的 探讨尿激酶(UK)溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)期间血清一氧化氮(NO)的动态变化和临床意义。方法 选择30例AMI患者行溶栓治疗(UK 100~150万u加入生理盐水100 mL静滴),在溶栓前和溶栓后第2、4、6天分别取静脉血检测血清NO、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和总抗氧化能力(TAOC),并同步检测血气分析。结果 治疗组溶栓前NO、SOD、TAOC水平明显低于对照组(P<0.001),MDA水平明显高于对照组(P<0.001);溶栓第2天后NO、SOD、TAOC水平逐渐升高,MDA水平逐渐降低,至第6天均恢复到对照组水平,与溶栓前比较差异非常显著(P<0.001);血气分析示AMI患者入院时低氧血症严重,经溶栓后氧分压(PaO2)明显升高(P<0.001),NO水平与PaO2呈正相关(r=0.278,P<0.05)。结论 AMI患者心肌在缺血缺氧时血清NO生成减少,机体抗氧化能力降低,UK溶栓治疗AMI能明显改善这一病理生理过程。
, 百拇医药
The trend of nitric oxide level of serum and its clinical significance Mo Zhenzhao, Wang Liyi, Peng Xingdong, et al. The Affilliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjing 524001
【Abstract】 Objective To study the trend of Nitric Oxide (NO) level of serum during thrombolysis therapy by means of urokinase (UK) for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its clinical significance. Methods 30 patients with AMI were selected in random to undergo the thrombolytic therapy, and a venous blood sample was taken on the 2nd, 4th and 6th days respectively after administraction of UK [(100~150)×104 U in 100 mL of physiological saline by intravcnous drip] for NO, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidative (TAOC) monitoring. Before the drug was given a sample was also needed for observation. Some of samples above were accompanied with a PaO2 test simultaneously. Results Befor treatment the levels of NO, SOD and TAOC of serum were markedly lower (P<0.001) and the level of MDA higher (P<0.001) in patients than those in control respectively. On the 2nd day following thrombolytic threrapy the levels of NO, SOD and TAOC began to rise gradually while those of MDA drop, and each of them became to return to the similar consistency that in the control (n=26). The difference of each one of them between pre-thrombolysis and past-thrombolysis was stricking (P<0.001). The blood gas analysis showed that every patient with AMI had serious hypoxidosis during hospitalization, but after thrombolysis his or her PaO2 increased markedly (P<0.001). The NO level of serum correlated positively with PaO2 (r=0.278, P<0.05). Conclusion In myocardium of patients with AMI the serum NO diminish during ischemia or anoxia, therefore, the antioxidation capacity in the body goes down. The UK therapy is able to improve soundly the pathophysiological process of AMI.
, 百拇医药
【Key words】 Acute myocardial infarction Thrombolytie therapy Nitric oxide
近年来有研究表明,冠心病发病与NO密切相关[1],当心肌缺血时血清NO水平降低[2]。但心肌缺血时血清NO水平的动态变化如何文献尚少报道。为探讨AMI溶栓治疗期间血清NO水平的动态变化和临床意义,我们于1996年2月~1998年12月对30例AMI患者在溶栓前后进行了血清NO的检测。
1 资料与方法
1.1 病例选择 治疗组30例根据临床表现、心电图演变和血清心肌酶测定均符合AMI诊断。30例中,男25例,女5例;年龄42~68岁,平均53.8岁;胸痛时间0.5~8 h,平均4.6 h;心梗部位:下壁9例,前间壁8例,广泛前壁6例,局限前壁3例,下侧壁2例,正后壁1例,前壁+右室1例。对照组26例均为成人体检健康者。两组性别、年龄经检验无统计学差异。
, http://www.100md.com
1.2 治疗方法 全部患者在CCU内进行溶栓治疗,高流量吸氧和心电监护,给予UK 100~150万u加入生理盐水100 mL静滴(60 min滴完)。同时给予肝素30 mg静滴,每天1次连用5 d;阿斯匹林150 mg口服,每天1次连用5 d。
1.3 观察指标 ①溶栓前和溶栓后第2、4、6天分别取静脉血分离血清查NO、SOD、MDA、TAOC,采用752型紫外光栅分光光度计,514mc型酶标仪和微盘比色法测定。②溶栓前和溶栓后2 h查动脉血气分析,采用IL公司1400全自动血气分析仪自动检测。③溶栓前和溶栓后每2 h查血清磷酸肌酸激酶同功酶(CK-MB)共6次。
1.4 统计学处理 数据组间比较采用t或配对t检验。NO与氧分压(PaO2),NO与CK-MB进行相关系数检验。
2 结果
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2.1 治疗前后NO、SOD、MDA、TAOC检测结果 见表1。经统计显示,溶栓前NO、SOD、TAOC水平明显低于对照组(P<0.001);MDA水平明显高于对照组(P<0.001);溶栓第2天后NO、SOD、TAOC水平逐渐升高,MDA水平逐渐降低,至第6天均恢复到对照组水平,与治疗前比较差异有非常显著性(P<0.001)。
表1 两组患者治疗前后血清NO、SOD、MDA和TAOC检测结果(±s) 检测指标
对照组(n=26)
(1)
治疗组(n=30)
结果比较
治疗前(2)
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疗后2 d(3)
疗后4d(4)
疗后6d⑤
NO(μmol/L)
5.45±1.38
3.08±0.98
3.62±1.21
4.48±1.27
5.36±1.68
①vs②,②vs⑤※※※②vs④,③vs⑤※※③vs④,④vs⑤※
SOD(nμ/mL)
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128.1±18.85
91.9±13.44
108.1±16.83
117.4±20.54
120.6±21.28
①vs②,②vs⑤※※※②vs④,③vs⑤※※③vs④,④vs⑤※
MDA(μmol/L)
3.62±0.87
5.29±1.23
4.24±1.56
3.88±1.12
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3.68±0.96
①vs②,②vs⑤※※※②vs④※※③vs⑤※
TAOC(u/mL)
17.34±2.86
13.61±1.63
14.92±1.91
15.83±3.42
6.72±3.09
①vs②,②vs⑤※※※②vs④※※③vs⑤※
※ P<0.05, ※※ P<0.01,※※※ P<0.001
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2.2 PaO2和CK-MB检测结果 溶检前PaO2 6.98±0.95 kPa,溶栓2 h后PaO2 9.29±1.17 kPa (P<0.001); NO与PaO2呈正相关(r=0.278,P<0.05)。溶栓前CK-MB 109.6±29.6 U/L,溶栓后6 h CK-MB 298.3±51.4 U/L(P<0.001),NO与CK-MB呈负相关(r=-0.282,P<0.05)。3 讨论
30例AMI患者血清检测结果显示,溶栓前NO、SOD、TAOC水平降低明显(P<0.001),MDA水平升高明显(P<0.001);溶栓后NO、SOD、TAOC水平逐渐升高,DMA水平逐渐降低,至第6天恢复到对照组水平,与溶栓前比较差异非常显著(P<0.001)。检测结果表明AMI时NO生成明显减少,随着UK溶栓后心肌供血的改善,NO呈递增性升高趋势。其原因可能与心肌缺血损伤和再灌注有关[2]。
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NO为内源性的血管平滑肌松弛因子,对维护血管的松弛起重要作用。由于NO生成减少,与NO相对应的SOD、TAOC水平降低;SOD为氧自由基的重要清除剂,当心肌缺血损伤时心肌细胞内的线粒体会释出大量的氧自由基,SOD应随之升高,但本文观察结果示SOD水平相应降低,其原因还待进一步研究。AMI时机体的应激状态促使脂质过氧化反应增强,血清脂质过氧化物MDA水平相应升高。NO能灭活过氧化物,当NO生成不足时体内过氧化物产生过多[3],可促进冠脉血管内细胞和血小板粘附,诱发血管平滑肌痉挛,血栓形成和心肌损伤[4],形成恶性循环。由于心肌缺氧,体内过氧化反应增强,SOD活性降低,因而TAOC水平下降。经UK溶栓后,梗塞的冠脉再通,受累的心肌恢复了有效的血氧供应,血清NO水平第2、4、6天呈递增性升高(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001),TAOC水平亦相应升高。提示UK溶栓治疗AMI能明显改善心肌缺血损伤这一病理生理过程,提高机体抗氧化能力。有报道AMI时由于缺氧,机体处于高度的应激状态,血浆ACE活性升高,导致左心室扩张[5]。同时心肌缺血致血管内皮细胞受损,缩血管物质内皮素(ET)分泌升高,而舒血管物质NO分泌减少[6]。NO有强烈扩张血管作用[7]。NO生成减少诱发血管平滑肌痉挛是否同时与血浆ACE和ET活性升高有关还有待进一步研究。但在溶栓治疗AMI的同时应用血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制剂治疗能有效地增加冠脉血流,改善心肌缺血[8],使濒临死亡的心肌得到及时保护,左心功能得到有效修复。这可能与ACE抑制剂对抗血管紧张素Ⅱ,降低MDA,抑制氧自由基损伤,提高NO水平等因素有关。
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血气分析结果显示,患者入院时有严重的低氧血症,心肌损伤严重;经UK溶栓治疗后心肌恢复了有效的血氧供应,NO水平很快升高(P<0.05~0.001),PaO2水平迅速改善(P<0.001),CK-MB峰值前移(P<0.001),表明NO生成与血氧供应密切相关(r=0.278,P<0.05)。因此,有效的溶栓治疗AMI对恢复心肌缺血损伤和心肌血氧供应,提高NO水平十分重要。临床试验表明吸入NO对左心功能不全患者可降低肺动脉压力,增加心排血量,对左心功能产生有益的血流动力学改变。
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