多环芳烃接触者生物膜损伤指标及T淋巴细胞亚群测定
作者：吴逸明 李时恩 孟爱民 姚武 陈琛 杨廷章
单位：河南医科大学劳动卫生学与卫生毒理学教研室 郑州 450052
关键词：职业接触；多环芳烃；血清谷胱甘肽S-转移酶；血清脂质结合唾液酸；超氧化物歧化酶；T淋巴细胞亚群
河南医科大学学报000316 摘要 目的：探讨肺癌发病机制及早期监测指标，为多环芳烃作业人员劳动保护提供科学依据。方法：对51名多环芳烃类混合物接触者(接触组)，18例非肺癌患者，25例肺癌患者和31名健康人员的血清脂质结合唾液酸(LSA)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)活性、超氧化物歧化酶同工酶(SOD，MnSOD和CuMnSOD)和T淋巴细胞亚群(T3，T4，T8及T4/T8)进行测定。结果：接触组、肺癌组和非肺癌组LSA均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。接触组、非肺癌组和肺癌组GST显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。肺癌组SOD显著高于非肺癌组(P<0.05)。接触组、肺癌组和非肺癌组T3均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)，接触组T3显著高于非肺癌组和肺癌组(P<0.05)；接触组、非肺癌组和肺癌组T4均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)，接触组T4显著高于非肺癌组(P<0.05)；非肺癌组T4/T8显著低于对照组(P<0.01)，接触组T4/T8显著高于非肺癌组(P<0.05)。结论：多环芳烃接触者生物膜出现了损伤性改变，免疫功能受到抑制。
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分类号 R135
Determination of damage index of biomembrane and T-lymphoblast subgroup in patients exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
WU Yiming, LI Shi'en, MENG Aimin, YAO Wu, CHEN Chen, YANG Tingzhang
Department of Occupational Health and Health Toxicology,Henan Medical University, Zhengzhou 450052
Abstract Aim: To explore the mechanism and early monitoring index and supply scientific evidence of labor protection for workers who work in the environment containing pollutant of PAHs. Method: The method of professional epidemic was used to analyze lipid-bound sialic acid (LSA) in serum, glutathione s-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase isoenzyme (SOD, Mn-SOD and Cu-Mn-SOD) and T-lymphoblast subgroup ( T3, T4, T8 and T4/T8). The experiment group included 51 cases who exposed to PAHs, 18 non-lung-tumor patients and 25 lung tumor patients. The control group was health persons. Results: The results showed that the LSA levels were significantly higher (P<0.01) in exposure group (0.128±0.037), lung tumor group (0.147±0.042) and non-lung-tumor group (0.129±0.054 ) than in control group (0.074±0.023). There were no marked difference (P>0.05) between lung tumor group and exposure group, although the LSA level was higher in lung tumor group (0.147±0.042) than in exposure group (0.128±0.037), and there was no significantly difference (P>0.05) between exposure group (0.128±0.037) and non-lung-tumor group (0.129±0.054). The level of GST was notably higher (P<0.05)in exposure group (32.15±9.73) than in control group (26.85±5.69). However, there were no marked difference (P<0.05)between non-lung-tumor group(23.90±11.91) and lung tumor group(27.30±17.31), and between lung tumor group and control group (26.85±5.69). The level of SOD isoenzyme was significantly higher (P<0.05) in lung tumor group (16.70±4.94) than in non-lung-tumor group (14.90±2.04), there were no significantly difference(P>0.05) between any other groups. The level was markedly lower in exposure group, lung tumor group (58.0±12.1) and non-lung-tumor group (57.4±10.1) than in control group (80.3±7.0)(P<0.01), the level was notably lower in non-lung-tumor (57.4±10.1) and lung tumor group (58.0±12.1) than in exposure group (68.7±9.0)(P<0.05). The level of T4 was significantly lower in exposure group (54.4±9.3), non-lung-tumor group (46.8±9.3) and lung tumor group (50.4±11.5) than in control group (62.7±8.5)(P<0.01), and lower remarkably in non-lung-tumor group than exposure group (p<0.01), but there was no notably difference between exposure group and lung tumor group (P>0.05). The level of T4/T8 was significantly lower(P<0.05) in non-lung-tumor group(1.20±0.31) than in control group (1.54±0.30), and significantly higher (P<0.05) in exposure group (1.42±0.39) than non-lung-tumor group. There were no significantly difference between any other groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results above mentioned demonstrated that in exposure group, LSA and GST increased , T3 and T4 decreased , and SOD was not changed markedly. The change tendency of LSA, T3 and T4 in exposure group agreed with in lung tumor group, but the level of LSA, T3 and T4 in exposure group were remarkably lower than in lung tumor group. The results also proved that the damage change of biomembrane of workers, who exposed to PAHs, occurred and the immunity function was repressed.
, 百拇医药
Key words polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; GST; SOD; sialic acid; T-lymphoblast subgroup
焦炉工、沥青工均暴露于复杂的多环芳烃混合物污染环境中,焦炉逸散物和沥青烟尘的致癌性已为流行病学调查和动物实验所证实[1]。为了探讨肺癌发病机制及早期监测指标,为多环芳烃作业者的劳动保护提供科学依据,作者对多环芳烃接触者、非肺癌患者、肺癌患者及健康对照组的血清脂质结合唾液酸(LSA)、血清谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)活性、超氧化物歧化酶同工酶(SOD、MnSOD、CuZnSOD)和T淋巴细胞亚群(T3、T4、T8、T4/T8)进行了测定。
1 对象与方法
1.1 对象
1.1.1 多环芳烃接触组：某钢厂焦炉工24名,某铝厂碳素分厂沥青工27名,年龄23～55岁,平均年龄40.5岁,平均工龄19.4 a。
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1.1.2 肺癌组：河南医科大学第一附属医院支气管镜检,经病理诊断为肺癌者25例(其中鳞癌19例,小细胞癌6例),年龄42～66岁,平均年龄56岁。
1.1.3 非肺癌组：河南医科大学第一附属医院支气管镜检,经病理诊断非肺癌患者17例,年龄22～76岁,平均年龄55.3岁。
1.1.4 对照组：健康人群31名,年龄18～66岁,平均年龄42.6岁。
1.2 实验方法
1.2.1 LSA测定：采用F-8836化学比色法[2]。F-8836专用试剂由成都军区总医院提供。
1.2.2 GST活性测定：参见文献[3]。
1.2.3 SOD、MnSOD、CuZnSOD活性测定：参见文献[4]。
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1.2.4 T淋巴细胞亚群测定：参见文献[5]。抗体致敏醛化红细胞(T3、T4、T8)由卫生部武汉生物制品研究所提供。
2 结果
2.1 接触组、肺癌组、非肺癌组和对照组生物膜损伤指标测定结果 见表1。
表1 各组生物膜损伤指标测定结果比较 组 别
D(LSA)
GST/(u.ml-1)
SOD/(u.ml-1)
MnSOD/(u.ml-1)
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CuZnSOD/(u.ml-1)
n
±s
n±s
n±s
n±s
n±s
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对 照 组
31
0.074±0.023
31
26.85± 5.70
10
16.26±0.73
10
10.04±1.01
10
6.23±1.36
接 触 组
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0.128±0.037*
51
32.95± 9.73*
24
16.03±3.11
24
9.98±1.86
24
6.05±2.73
肺 癌 组
25
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0.147±0.042*
25
27.03±17.31
18
16.70±4.94
18
10.14±3.75
18
7.55±3.41
非肺癌组
18
0.129±0.054*
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18
23.90±11.91
10
14.90±2.04
10
9.46±2.50
10
5.43±2.67
与对照组比较,*P<0.05
LSA以0.120(±2s)为上限，>0.120者为阳性。接触组、肺癌组和对照组检查人数分别为51，23和31人，阳性人数分别为25，17和1人，阳性检出率分别为49.02%，73.91%和3.23%，肺癌组阳性检出率显著高于接触组(χ2=4.00,P<0.05)和对照组(χ2=29.69,P<0.01),接触组显著高于对照组(χ2=18.67,P<0.01)。
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2.2 接触组、肺癌组、非肺癌组和对照组T淋巴细胞亚群(T3、T4、T8)测定结果 见表2。
表2 各组T淋巴细胞亚群测定结果比较 组 别
n
T3
T4
T8
T4/T8
对 照 组
20
80.27± 6.97
62.73± 8.49
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42.30±10.47
1.54±0.30
接 触 组
51
68.70± 9.04*
54.42± 9.32*
40.06± 8.76
1.42±0.39
肺 癌 组
23
58.02±12.13*
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50.37±11.54*
38.61±12.06
1.43±0.60
非肺癌组
16
57.44±10.11*
46.84± 9.26*
40.91±15.05
1.20±0.31*
与对照组比较,*P<0.05
, http://www.100md.com 3 讨 论
煤焦和沥青中含有芳香类化合物,在400～800 ℃温度下可产生不完全燃烧产物苯并芘和1,7-二甲基苯蒽等,在体内进一步氧化,可诱发产生自由基和脂质过氧化物[2，6],作用于细胞膜及内质网多价不饱和脂肪酸,使其过氧化而导致细胞损害[7，8]。
LSA、GST、SOD是近年来人们比较关注的肺癌诊断、鉴别诊断和预后判断的临床指标。唾液酸为一糖类物质,多以蛋白结合唾液酸或脂质结合唾液酸形式存在于细胞表面,癌变或细胞膜损伤时合成、脱落增加,是肺癌诊断及预后监测的辅助指标[6]。GST是II相代谢酶中与亲电子物质结合的一类酶系,位于胞浆中,能催化谷胱甘肽与基因毒性亲电子物质结合而保护DNA免受损伤,许多原发性肿瘤组织GST活性可高于正常组织,肺鳞癌、腺癌阳性率较高[4]。谷胱甘肽S-转移酶-π在鳞癌和腺癌中表达阳性率分别为94%和70.5%,但在小细胞肺癌中表达很低。GST-π NSE可作为不同病理类型肺癌鉴别诊断的重要检测指标[9]。SOD具有歧化
2为H2O2和O2的活性,是机体以2为惟一底物的酶类清除剂,在多种动物和人类肿瘤中活性缺乏或下降。人类T细胞可分为具有辅助功能的T4和具有抑制杀伤功能的T8细胞,并用以作为评价机体免疫机能的指标。
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作者研究发现,接触组LSA显著高于对照组(P<0.05),低于肺癌组(P>0.05),肺癌组LSA阳性检出率显著高于接触组(P<0.05)和对照组(P<0.01),接触组也显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。接触组GST显著高于对照组(P<0.05),可能是保护性升高,也提示生物膜受到一定程度损伤。SOD同工酶,各组间差异无显著性意义。接触组LSA、GST升高,提示煤焦油烟及沥青烟中的有害物质导致了暴露工人生物膜指标的改变。接触组T3、T4细胞水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05),高于肺癌组T3 (P<0.05);T8,T4/T8与对照组相比差异无显著性。说明焦炉工、沥青工细胞免疫功能下降,主要表现为辅助性T4细胞下降,可能与其对多环芳烃类导致的生物膜损伤更为敏感有关。
综上所述,接触组GST、LSA、T淋巴细胞亚群的改变,说明机体出现了生物膜损伤和免疫功能抑制。这些指标可能是癌前监护的较好指标,对于职业接触致癌物人群进行生物学监测具有一定意义,其远期效应及意义需进一步随访观察研究。肿瘤的发生,为一多重损伤的复杂过程,采用多指标有机组合,将有利于肿瘤生物学监测,并为探讨其致癌机制提供了客观指标。
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基金项目：河南省自然科学基金资助项目 97330001
研究方向：肺癌的病因学、预防、早期诊断和综合治疗，E-mail：ymwu@371.net
作者简介：吴逸明，男，55岁，教授，博士生导师，参考文献
[1]Redmond CK.Long-term mortality study of steelworkers,Ⅵ.mortality from malignant neoplasms among coke oven workers.J Occup Med,1992,14:621
[2]王天然.血清脂质结合唾液酸快速测定法研究.实用癌症杂志,1991,6(2):96
[3]胡大荣.血清谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性测定及临床应用.中华医学检验杂志,1987,10(5):266
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[4]王顺祥主编.肿瘤酶学研究.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1996:92,112
[5]张一兵.结缔组织疾病患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群测定.上海免疫学杂志,1991,11(3):166
[6]江泉观主编.基础毒理学.北京:化学工业出版社,1991.93
[7]Horton AA. Lipid peroxidation and mechanisms of toxicity. CRC Criti Rev Toxicol，1987,18(1):27
[8]Liebler DC. Antitoxidant protection of phospho-lipid bilayers by alpha-tocopherol. J Biol Chem， 1986,261(26):1 211
[9]李春海.肿瘤生物学标志研究现状与展望.国外医学.肿瘤学分册,2000,27(1):33
2000-01-05收稿, http://www.100md.com
单位：河南医科大学劳动卫生学与卫生毒理学教研室 郑州 450052
关键词：职业接触；多环芳烃；血清谷胱甘肽S-转移酶；血清脂质结合唾液酸；超氧化物歧化酶；T淋巴细胞亚群
河南医科大学学报000316 摘要 目的：探讨肺癌发病机制及早期监测指标，为多环芳烃作业人员劳动保护提供科学依据。方法：对51名多环芳烃类混合物接触者(接触组)，18例非肺癌患者，25例肺癌患者和31名健康人员的血清脂质结合唾液酸(LSA)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)活性、超氧化物歧化酶同工酶(SOD，MnSOD和CuMnSOD)和T淋巴细胞亚群(T3，T4，T8及T4/T8)进行测定。结果：接触组、肺癌组和非肺癌组LSA均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。接触组、非肺癌组和肺癌组GST显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。肺癌组SOD显著高于非肺癌组(P<0.05)。接触组、肺癌组和非肺癌组T3均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)，接触组T3显著高于非肺癌组和肺癌组(P<0.05)；接触组、非肺癌组和肺癌组T4均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)，接触组T4显著高于非肺癌组(P<0.05)；非肺癌组T4/T8显著低于对照组(P<0.01)，接触组T4/T8显著高于非肺癌组(P<0.05)。结论：多环芳烃接触者生物膜出现了损伤性改变，免疫功能受到抑制。
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分类号 R135
Determination of damage index of biomembrane and T-lymphoblast subgroup in patients exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
WU Yiming, LI Shi'en, MENG Aimin, YAO Wu, CHEN Chen, YANG Tingzhang
Department of Occupational Health and Health Toxicology,Henan Medical University, Zhengzhou 450052
Abstract Aim: To explore the mechanism and early monitoring index and supply scientific evidence of labor protection for workers who work in the environment containing pollutant of PAHs. Method: The method of professional epidemic was used to analyze lipid-bound sialic acid (LSA) in serum, glutathione s-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase isoenzyme (SOD, Mn-SOD and Cu-Mn-SOD) and T-lymphoblast subgroup ( T3, T4, T8 and T4/T8). The experiment group included 51 cases who exposed to PAHs, 18 non-lung-tumor patients and 25 lung tumor patients. The control group was health persons. Results: The results showed that the LSA levels were significantly higher (P<0.01) in exposure group (0.128±0.037), lung tumor group (0.147±0.042) and non-lung-tumor group (0.129±0.054 ) than in control group (0.074±0.023). There were no marked difference (P>0.05) between lung tumor group and exposure group, although the LSA level was higher in lung tumor group (0.147±0.042) than in exposure group (0.128±0.037), and there was no significantly difference (P>0.05) between exposure group (0.128±0.037) and non-lung-tumor group (0.129±0.054). The level of GST was notably higher (P<0.05)in exposure group (32.15±9.73) than in control group (26.85±5.69). However, there were no marked difference (P<0.05)between non-lung-tumor group(23.90±11.91) and lung tumor group(27.30±17.31), and between lung tumor group and control group (26.85±5.69). The level of SOD isoenzyme was significantly higher (P<0.05) in lung tumor group (16.70±4.94) than in non-lung-tumor group (14.90±2.04), there were no significantly difference(P>0.05) between any other groups. The level was markedly lower in exposure group, lung tumor group (58.0±12.1) and non-lung-tumor group (57.4±10.1) than in control group (80.3±7.0)(P<0.01), the level was notably lower in non-lung-tumor (57.4±10.1) and lung tumor group (58.0±12.1) than in exposure group (68.7±9.0)(P<0.05). The level of T4 was significantly lower in exposure group (54.4±9.3), non-lung-tumor group (46.8±9.3) and lung tumor group (50.4±11.5) than in control group (62.7±8.5)(P<0.01), and lower remarkably in non-lung-tumor group than exposure group (p<0.01), but there was no notably difference between exposure group and lung tumor group (P>0.05). The level of T4/T8 was significantly lower(P<0.05) in non-lung-tumor group(1.20±0.31) than in control group (1.54±0.30), and significantly higher (P<0.05) in exposure group (1.42±0.39) than non-lung-tumor group. There were no significantly difference between any other groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results above mentioned demonstrated that in exposure group, LSA and GST increased , T3 and T4 decreased , and SOD was not changed markedly. The change tendency of LSA, T3 and T4 in exposure group agreed with in lung tumor group, but the level of LSA, T3 and T4 in exposure group were remarkably lower than in lung tumor group. The results also proved that the damage change of biomembrane of workers, who exposed to PAHs, occurred and the immunity function was repressed.
, 百拇医药
Key words polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; GST; SOD; sialic acid; T-lymphoblast subgroup
焦炉工、沥青工均暴露于复杂的多环芳烃混合物污染环境中,焦炉逸散物和沥青烟尘的致癌性已为流行病学调查和动物实验所证实[1]。为了探讨肺癌发病机制及早期监测指标,为多环芳烃作业者的劳动保护提供科学依据,作者对多环芳烃接触者、非肺癌患者、肺癌患者及健康对照组的血清脂质结合唾液酸(LSA)、血清谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)活性、超氧化物歧化酶同工酶(SOD、MnSOD、CuZnSOD)和T淋巴细胞亚群(T3、T4、T8、T4/T8)进行了测定。
1 对象与方法
1.1 对象
1.1.1 多环芳烃接触组：某钢厂焦炉工24名,某铝厂碳素分厂沥青工27名,年龄23～55岁,平均年龄40.5岁,平均工龄19.4 a。
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1.1.2 肺癌组：河南医科大学第一附属医院支气管镜检,经病理诊断为肺癌者25例(其中鳞癌19例,小细胞癌6例),年龄42～66岁,平均年龄56岁。
1.1.3 非肺癌组：河南医科大学第一附属医院支气管镜检,经病理诊断非肺癌患者17例,年龄22～76岁,平均年龄55.3岁。
1.1.4 对照组：健康人群31名,年龄18～66岁,平均年龄42.6岁。
1.2 实验方法
1.2.1 LSA测定：采用F-8836化学比色法[2]。F-8836专用试剂由成都军区总医院提供。
1.2.2 GST活性测定：参见文献[3]。
1.2.3 SOD、MnSOD、CuZnSOD活性测定：参见文献[4]。
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1.2.4 T淋巴细胞亚群测定：参见文献[5]。抗体致敏醛化红细胞(T3、T4、T8)由卫生部武汉生物制品研究所提供。
2 结果
2.1 接触组、肺癌组、非肺癌组和对照组生物膜损伤指标测定结果 见表1。
表1 各组生物膜损伤指标测定结果比较 组 别
D(LSA)
GST/(u.ml-1)
SOD/(u.ml-1)
MnSOD/(u.ml-1)
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CuZnSOD/(u.ml-1)
n
±sn
±sn
±sn
±sn
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对 照 组
31
0.074±0.023
31
26.85± 5.70
10
16.26±0.73
10
10.04±1.01
10
6.23±1.36
接 触 组
, http://www.100md.com 51
0.128±0.037*
51
32.95± 9.73*
24
16.03±3.11
24
9.98±1.86
24
6.05±2.73
肺 癌 组
25
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0.147±0.042*
25
27.03±17.31
18
16.70±4.94
18
10.14±3.75
18
7.55±3.41
非肺癌组
18
0.129±0.054*
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18
23.90±11.91
10
14.90±2.04
10
9.46±2.50
10
5.43±2.67
与对照组比较,*P<0.05
LSA以0.120(
±2s)为上限，>0.120者为阳性。接触组、肺癌组和对照组检查人数分别为51，23和31人，阳性人数分别为25，17和1人，阳性检出率分别为49.02%，73.91%和3.23%，肺癌组阳性检出率显著高于接触组(χ2=4.00,P<0.05)和对照组(χ2=29.69,P<0.01),接触组显著高于对照组(χ2=18.67,P<0.01)。, http://www.100md.com
2.2 接触组、肺癌组、非肺癌组和对照组T淋巴细胞亚群(T3、T4、T8)测定结果 见表2。
表2 各组T淋巴细胞亚群测定结果比较 组 别
n
T3
T4
T8
T4/T8
对 照 组
20
80.27± 6.97
62.73± 8.49
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42.30±10.47
1.54±0.30
接 触 组
51
68.70± 9.04*
54.42± 9.32*
40.06± 8.76
1.42±0.39
肺 癌 组
23
58.02±12.13*
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50.37±11.54*
38.61±12.06
1.43±0.60
非肺癌组
16
57.44±10.11*
46.84± 9.26*
40.91±15.05
1.20±0.31*
与对照组比较,*P<0.05
, http://www.100md.com 3 讨 论
煤焦和沥青中含有芳香类化合物,在400～800 ℃温度下可产生不完全燃烧产物苯并芘和1,7-二甲基苯蒽等,在体内进一步氧化,可诱发产生自由基和脂质过氧化物[2，6],作用于细胞膜及内质网多价不饱和脂肪酸,使其过氧化而导致细胞损害[7，8]。
LSA、GST、SOD是近年来人们比较关注的肺癌诊断、鉴别诊断和预后判断的临床指标。唾液酸为一糖类物质,多以蛋白结合唾液酸或脂质结合唾液酸形式存在于细胞表面,癌变或细胞膜损伤时合成、脱落增加,是肺癌诊断及预后监测的辅助指标[6]。GST是II相代谢酶中与亲电子物质结合的一类酶系,位于胞浆中,能催化谷胱甘肽与基因毒性亲电子物质结合而保护DNA免受损伤,许多原发性肿瘤组织GST活性可高于正常组织,肺鳞癌、腺癌阳性率较高[4]。谷胱甘肽S-转移酶-π在鳞癌和腺癌中表达阳性率分别为94%和70.5%,但在小细胞肺癌中表达很低。GST-π NSE可作为不同病理类型肺癌鉴别诊断的重要检测指标[9]。SOD具有歧化
2为H2O2和O2的活性,是机体以2为惟一底物的酶类清除剂,在多种动物和人类肿瘤中活性缺乏或下降。人类T细胞可分为具有辅助功能的T4和具有抑制杀伤功能的T8细胞,并用以作为评价机体免疫机能的指标。, 百拇医药
作者研究发现,接触组LSA显著高于对照组(P<0.05),低于肺癌组(P>0.05),肺癌组LSA阳性检出率显著高于接触组(P<0.05)和对照组(P<0.01),接触组也显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。接触组GST显著高于对照组(P<0.05),可能是保护性升高,也提示生物膜受到一定程度损伤。SOD同工酶,各组间差异无显著性意义。接触组LSA、GST升高,提示煤焦油烟及沥青烟中的有害物质导致了暴露工人生物膜指标的改变。接触组T3、T4细胞水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05),高于肺癌组T3 (P<0.05);T8,T4/T8与对照组相比差异无显著性。说明焦炉工、沥青工细胞免疫功能下降,主要表现为辅助性T4细胞下降,可能与其对多环芳烃类导致的生物膜损伤更为敏感有关。
综上所述,接触组GST、LSA、T淋巴细胞亚群的改变,说明机体出现了生物膜损伤和免疫功能抑制。这些指标可能是癌前监护的较好指标,对于职业接触致癌物人群进行生物学监测具有一定意义,其远期效应及意义需进一步随访观察研究。肿瘤的发生,为一多重损伤的复杂过程,采用多指标有机组合,将有利于肿瘤生物学监测,并为探讨其致癌机制提供了客观指标。
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基金项目：河南省自然科学基金资助项目 97330001
研究方向：肺癌的病因学、预防、早期诊断和综合治疗，E-mail：ymwu@371.net
作者简介：吴逸明，男，55岁，教授，博士生导师，参考文献
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[3]胡大荣.血清谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性测定及临床应用.中华医学检验杂志,1987,10(5):266
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[4]王顺祥主编.肿瘤酶学研究.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1996:92,112
[5]张一兵.结缔组织疾病患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群测定.上海免疫学杂志,1991,11(3):166
[6]江泉观主编.基础毒理学.北京:化学工业出版社,1991.93
[7]Horton AA. Lipid peroxidation and mechanisms of toxicity. CRC Criti Rev Toxicol，1987,18(1):27
[8]Liebler DC. Antitoxidant protection of phospho-lipid bilayers by alpha-tocopherol. J Biol Chem， 1986,261(26):1 211
[9]李春海.肿瘤生物学标志研究现状与展望.国外医学.肿瘤学分册,2000,27(1):33
2000-01-05收稿, http://www.100md.com