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H+/K+-ATP酶抑制剂苯并咪唑类衍生物的研究
http://www.100md.com 《中国药物化学杂志》 1999年第2期
     作者:黄国宾 程卯生 黄惠琴 沈建民1

    单位:沈阳药科大学科研处合成二室,沈阳 110015

    关键词:H+/K+-ATP酶抑制剂;苯并咪唑类衍生物;抑制胃酸分泌

    中国药物化学杂志/990203摘 要 H+/K+-ATP酶是胃酸分泌的最后环节,在合成H+/K+-ATP酶抑制剂泮托拉唑的基础上,设计合成了12个未见文献报道的苯并咪唑类衍生物,经红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和元素分析确定了结构.初步药理筛选实验表明:化合物(5b),(6b),(6d)具有抑制胃酸分泌的作用,其中化合物(6d)作用最强.

    Studies on H+/K-ATPase Inhibitors Benzimidazole Derivatives
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    Huang Guobin,Cheng Maosheng,Huang Huiqing,Shen Jianmin

    Institute of Materia Medica,Shenyang Pharmaceutical University,Shenyang 110015

    Abstract H+/K-ATPase is the last passageway of gastric acid secretion.On the basis of synthesis of the H+K-ATPase inhibitor pantoprazole,twelve benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized for the first time,and their structures were proved by IR,1H-NMR and elementary analysis.Their antisecretory activities were evaluated in vivo,the compounds (5b),(6b) and (6d) have antisecretory activities and compound (6d) was the most potent.
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    Key words H+K-ATPase inhibitors;benzimidazole derivatives;inhibiting gastric acid secretion

    消化性溃疡疾病是常见的多发病之一,它与胃酸分泌过多有着直接的关系,迅速有效地抑制胃酸分泌是目前治疗消化性溃疡疾病的重要手段〔1〕.胃酸的分泌是由于胃壁细胞膜上的毒蕈碱受体(MR)、胃泌素受体(GR)和组胺H2受体(H2R)分别受到乙酰胆碱、胃泌素和组胺的刺激,引起胃壁细胞分泌胃酸〔2,3〕.分泌出的胃酸必需依靠H+/K+-ATP酶的转运功能把胃壁细胞中的H+转运到胃腔中形成胃酸〔4〕.因此,抑制H+/K+-ATP酶的活性就能有效地控制胃酸分泌.国内外对H+/K+-ATP酶抑制剂进行了广泛的研究,先后上市了奥美拉唑(omeprazole,1)、兰索拉唑(lansoprazole,2)和泮托拉唑(pantoprazole,3),从这三种药物的化学结构看,它们均是吡啶甲基亚磺酰基苯并咪唑类化合物,其本身并无抑制H+/K+-ATP酶的活性,
, 百拇医药
    只是在酸性条件下质子化,转变为具有抑制H+/K+-ATP酶活性的化合物次磺酰胺(sulphenamide),它迅速与H+/K+-ATP酶上的半胱氨酸的巯基结合形成二硫键,从而使酶失活〔5〕.研究发现,吡啶环上取代基对活性影响较大,凡能增加吡啶环pKa值的基团将能增加化合物的活性,但pKa值的增加会使作用的靶位专一性降低.由于对苯并咪唑环上的取代基对活性的影响研究较少,因此,本文在合成泮托拉唑的基础上,保留其基本结构,只改变苯并咪唑5-位取代基,用N-取代氨甲酰基[R1R2NC(O)—]代替二氟甲氧基[F2HCO—],设计合成了12个未见文献报道的化合物,以期找到比较稳定和活性高的化合物.合成路线见图1.
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    Fig.1 The route of synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives

    1 合成实验

    熔点用毛细管法测定,温度未校正.核磁共振氢谱用Bluker AXR-300测定.红外光谱用Bluker IFS 55测定.元素分析用Carlo Erba 1106测定.柱色谱硅胶为青岛海洋化工厂产品.

    1.1 3,4-二氨基-N-取代苯甲酰胺(1a~1f)的制备

    按文献[6]的方法制备.

    1.2 2-巯基-5-取代氨甲酰基-1H-苯并咪唑(2a~2f)的制备

    将化合物(1a~1f)0.01 mol加至0.01 mol氢氧化钾、5 mL水和20mL乙醇组成的混合液中,加入二硫化碳0.8 mL,加热回流4 h.用2 mol/L盐酸调pH 3~4,抽滤,粗品用乙醇重结晶,得白色固体.化合物(2a):mp 250℃以上,收率为50.3%;化合物(2b):mp 250℃以上,收率为84.2%;化合物(2c):mp 200~202℃,收率为42.3%;化合物(2d):mp 236~237℃,收率为80%;化合物(2e):mp 231~232℃,收率为37.4%;化合物(2f):mp 228~230℃,收率为75.9%.
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    1.3 2-氯甲基-3,4-二甲氧基吡啶盐酸盐(4)的制备

    按文献〔7〕的方法制备.

    1.4 5-(N-取代)氨甲酰基-2-[[(3′,4′-二甲氧基-2′-吡啶基)-甲基]-巯基]-1H-苯并咪唑(5a~5f)的合成

    将化合物(2a~2f)0.022 mol及化合物(4)0.022 mol加至1.94 g(0.0484 mol)氢氧化钠的30 mL乙醇溶液中,加热回流6 h.减压蒸去乙醇,二氯甲烷萃取(30 mL×3),无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,残余物经硅胶柱层析[展开剂:氯仿-甲醇(v∶v=95∶5)]得白色固体.熔点、收率和波谱数据见表1.

    1.5 5-(N-取代)氨甲酰基-2-[[(3′,4′-二甲氧基-2′-吡啶基)-甲基]-亚磺酰基]-1H-苯并咪唑(6a~6f)的合成
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    将化合物(5a~5f)0.01 mol溶于20 mL氯仿中,磁力搅拌,冰盐浴冷至-10℃,滴加1.73 g(0.01 mol)间氯过氧苯甲酸的10 mL氯仿溶液,反应5 h.依次加入1 mL三乙胺、5 mL 10%硫代硫酸钠溶液和5 mL饱和碳酸钠溶液,搅拌10 min,分取有机层.水洗,饱和碳酸钠溶液(20 mL)洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,残余物经硅胶柱层析[展开剂:氯仿-甲醇(v∶v=95∶5)]得白色固体.熔点、收率和波谱数据见表1.

    Tab.1 The physical data and spectrum data of compounds(5a~5f)and(6a~6f) Compd.

    Yield/%

    mp/℃

    IR(KBr)/cm-1
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    1H-NMR(CDCl3,TMS)δ

    Formula

    Elemental analysis/%(Found/Calc.)

    C

    N

    H

    5a

    62.5

    137~138

    3357,2942,1640,1415

    3.04(d,3H,4.8 Hz,—NCH3),3.94(s,3H,3′-OCH3),3.96(s,3H,4′-OCH3),4.42(s,2H,—SCH2),6.43(br s,1H,—CONH—),6.88(d,1H,5.67 Hz,5′-H),7.52(d,1H,8.37 Hz,7-H),7.59(dd,1H,8.37,0.9 Hz,6-H),8.01(d,1H,0.9 Hz,4-H),8.26(d,1H,5.67 Hz,6′-H),12.1(br s,1H,—NH—)
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    C17H18N4O3S

    56.96

    (56.80

    5.07

    5.13

    15.66

    15.60)

    6a

    40.1

    165~167

    3385,1642,1071
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    3.04(d,3H,4.74 Hz,—NCH3),3.86(s,3H,3′-OCH3),3.87(s,3H,4′4′-OCH3),4.84(dd,2H,12.96 Hz,—SOCH2),6.70(br s,1H,—CONH—),6.79(d,1H,5.61 Hz,5′-H),7.57(d,1H,7.17 Hz,7-H),7.69(d,1H,7.17 Hz,6-H),7.99(s,1H,4-H),8.13(d,1H,5.61 Hz,6′-H),12.3(br s,1H,—NH—)

    C17H18N4O4S

    54.53

    (54.50

    4.85
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    4.91

    14.97

    14.86)

    6b

    38.4

    105~106

    3300,2973,1634,1067

    1.30[d,6H,6.54 Hz,(CH3)2C—],3.85(s,3H,3′-OCH3),3.86(s,3H,4′-OCH3),4.30(m,1H,—CH—),4.82(dd,2H,13.05 Hz,—SOCH2),6.17(d,1H,7.56 Hz,—CONH—),6.78(d,1H,5.58 Hz,5′-H),7.60(d,1H,8.37 Hz,7-H),7.69(d,1H,8.37 Hz,6-H),8.01(s,1H,4-H),8.14(d,1H,5.58 Hz,6′-H),12.5(br s,1H,—NH—)
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    C19H22N4O4S

    56.69

    (56.73

    5.51

    5.43

    13.93

    13.96)

    5c

    70.0

    60~61

    3427,2981,2873,1617,1439
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    1.20[br s,6H,(CH3CH2)2N—],3.45[br s,4H,(CH3CH2)2N—],3.93(s,3H,3′-OCH3),3.95(s,3H,4′-OCH3),4.43(s,2H,—SCH2—),6.80(d,1H,5.61 Hz,5′-H),7.24(dd,1H,8.18 Hz,1.2 Hz,6-H),7.54(d,1H,8.19 Hz,7-H),7.59(d,1H,1.2 Hz,4-H),8.25(d,1H,5.60 Hz,6′-H),12.5(br s,1H,—NH—)

    C20H24N4O3S

    59.98
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    (59.90

    6.04

    6.15

    13.09

    13.87)

    6c

    62.5

    112~114

    3423,2976,1620,1068

    1.20[br s,6H,(CH3CH2)2N—],3.40[br s,4H,(CH3CH2)2N—],3.83(s,3H,3′-OCH3),3.86(s,3H,4′-CH3),4.80(dd,2H,13.0 Hz,—SOCH2—),6.79(d,1H,5.58 Hz,5′-H),7.32(dd,1H,8.34 Hz,1.14 Hz,6-H),7.65(d,1H,8.34 Hz,7-H),7.70(d,1H,1.14 Hz,4-H),8.13(d,1H,5.58 Hz,6′-H),12.46(br s,1H,—NH—)
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    C20H24N4O4S

    57.67

    (57.76

    5.85

    5.74

    13.46

    13.47)

    to be continued

    Continued Tab.1 Compd.

    Yield/%

    mp/℃
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    IR(KBr)/cm-1

    1H-NMR(CDCl3,TMS)δ

    Formula

    Elemental analysis/%(Found/Calc.)

    C

    N

    H

    5d

    52.5

    67~70
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    3346,2927,1630,1456

    0.95(t,3H,7.27 Hz,CH3CH2—),1.45(m,2H,CH3CH2CH2—),1.62(m,2H,—NHCH2CH2CH2—),3.48(q,2H,6.76 Hz,—NHCH2—),3.93(s,3H,3′-OCH3),3.95(s,3H,4′-OCH3),4.42(s,2H,—SCH2—),6.41(br s,1H,—CONH—),6.87(d,1H,5.55 Hz,5′-H),7.51(d,1H,8.4 Hz,7-H),7.59(dd,1H,8.4 Hz,6-H),8.00(d,1H,1.41 Hz,4-H),8.24(d,1H,5.55 Hz,6′-H,12.1(br s,1H,—NH—)
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    C20H24N4O3S

    59.98

    (59.76

    6.04

    6.20

    13.99

    14.05)

    6d

    43.3

    115~116

    3340,2933,1638,1069
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    0.96(t,3H,7.30 Hz,CH3CH2—),1.41(m,2H,CH3CH2—),1.64(m,2H,—NHCH2CH2CH2—),3.48(q,2H,6.24 Hz,—NHCH2—),3.82(s,3H,3′-OCH3),3.84(s,3H,4′-OCH3),4.84(dd,2H,12.9 Hz,—SOCH2—),6.74(br s,1H,—CONH—),6.75(d,1H,5.55 Hz,5′-H),7.51(d,1H,8.13 Hz,7-H),7.66(d,1H,8.13 Hz,6-H),7.97(s,1H,4-H),8.10(d,1H,5.55 Hz,6′-H,12.43(br s,1H,—NH—)

    C20H24N4O4S
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    57.67

    (57.60

    5.85

    5.93

    13.46

    13.57)

    5e

    65.5

    103~106

    3368,3010,2937,1605,1445

    1.64[br s,6H,—(CH2)3—],3.60(br s,4H,—CH2NHCH2—),3.93(s,3H,3′-OCH3),3.95(s,3H,4′-OCH3),4.40(s,2H,—SCH2—),6.88(d,1H,5.64 Hz,5′-H),7.23(d,1H,8.2 Hz,7-H),7.53(d,1H,8.2 Hz,6-H),7.61(s,1H,4-H),8.26(d,1H,5.64 Hz,6′-H),12.4(br s,1H,—NH—)
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    C21H24N4O3S

    61.14

    (61.20

    5.87

    5.80

    13.59

    13.67)

    6e

    37.9

    110~112

    3431,2938,2854,1620,1068
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    1.60[br s,6H,—(CH2)3—],3.64(br s,4H,—CH2NHCH2—),3.84(s,3H,3′-OCH3),3.94(s,3H,4′-OCH3),4.79(dd,2H,13.0 Hz,—SOCH2—),6.80(d,1H,5.55 Hz,5′-H),7.35(d,1H,8.3 Hz,7-H),7.63(d,1H,8.3 Hz,6-H),7.75(s,1H,4-H),8.15(d,1H,5.52 Hz,6′-H),12.4(br s,1H,—NH—)

    C21H24N4O4S

    58.86

    (58.95
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    5.65

    5.64

    13.06

    13.12)

    5f

    36.7

    113~115

    3341,3002,2946,1631,1425

    3.94(s,3H,3′-OCH3),3.96(s,3H,4′-OCH3),4.41(s,2H,—SCH2—),4.69(d,2H,5.61 Hz,PhCH2—),6.55(t,1H,5.61 Hz,—CONH—),6.59(d,1H,5.62 Hz,5′-H),7.30(m,5H,Ph—),7.54(d,1H,8.37 Hz,7-H),7.62(dd,1H,8.37 Hz,1.40 Hz,6-H),8.05(d,1H,1.40 Hz,4-H),8.27(d,1H,5.61 Hz,6′-H),12.60(br s,1H,—NH—)
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    C23H22N4O3S

    63.57

    (63.50

    5.11

    5.20

    12.90

    13.00)

    6f

    44.4

    136~138

    3331,3012,1638,1071
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    3.79(s,3H,3′-OCH3),3.81(s,3H,4′-OCH3),4.66(d,2H,5.61 Hz,PhCH2—),4.80(dd,2H,13.02 Hz,—SOCH2—),6.71(d,1H,5.64 Hz,5′-H),6.96(br s,1H,—CONH—),7.30(m,5H,Ph—),7.54(d,1H,8.35 Hz,7-H),7.70(dd,1H,8.35 Hz,1.35 Hz,6-H),8.02(d,1H,1.35 Hz,4-H),8.06(d,1H,5.64 Hz,6′-H),12.55(br s,1H,—NH—)

    C23H22N4O4S

    61.31

    (61.35
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    4.93

    5.04

    12.44

    12.30)

    2 药理实验

    将体重为180~250 g Wistar大鼠42只随机分成14组,每组3只,禁食但可自由饮水24 h后,在乙醚麻醉下,给大鼠行开腹手术,按Goto和Kishi方法结扎幽门和喷门窦与体部的连接处.结扎后,立即经十二指肠给各组动物按15 mg/kg剂量分别注射试验样品、阳性对照品(泮托拉唑)和阴性对照品(5% Gum).给药4 h后,将各组动物处死,解剖出食管,肉眼观察食管损伤情况.判断标准为:食道大部分出血坏死,损伤长度在55 mm以上为强阳性(+ + +);食道中部约全长1/2出血坏死或充血,损伤长度在30~54 mm为中强阳性(+ +);食道中部点状出血坏死或充血,损伤长度在29 mm以下为弱强阳性(+);食道全长光滑无色变为阴性(-).实验结果见表2.药理试验结果显示:化合物(5b),(6b),(6d)均有明显的抑制胃酸分泌作用,其中化合物(6d)作用最强.
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    Tab.2 The effect of benzimidazole derivatives on reflux esophagitis of Wistar mice Compd.

    The degree of esophage damage

    Compd.

    The degree of esophage damage

    1

    2

    3

    1

    2

    3
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    5a

    —

    + + +

    + + +

    6d

    —

    —

    —

    6a

    +

    + +

    + + +

    5e

    + + +
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    + + +

    + + +

    5b

    —

    —

    + +

    6e

    + +

    + + +

    + + +

    6b

    —

    —

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    5f

    —

    + + +

    + + +

    5c

    +

    + +

    + + +

    6f

    + + +

    + + +

    + + +
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    6c

    + +

    + + +

    + + +

    Panto

    —

    —

    —

    5d

    +

    + + +

    + +

    5%Gum
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    + +

    + +

    + + +

    致谢:沈阳药科大学测试中心、辽宁省理化测试中心、化工部感光材料研究院测试中心代测各种光谱,辽宁省基础医学研究所药理研究室郭季安教授、王晓秋老师代测药理活性. 参 考 文 献

    1.Hunt RH,Mowden CW,Jones DB,et al.The correlation between acid suppression and peptic ulcer healing.Scand J Gastroenterol,1986,21(suppl 125):22~31

    2.Edd CR,Michael AR.The mechanism and structure of the gastric H+,K+-ATP ase.Annu Rev Physiol,1990,52:321~344
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    3.Black JW,Duncan WAM,Durant CJ,et al.Definition and antagonism of histamine H2-receptors.Nature,1972,236(5347):385~390

    4.Sachs G,Carlsson E,Lindberg P,et al.Gastric H+,K+-ATPase as therapeutic target.Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxical,1988,28:269~284

    5.Lind berg P,Nordberg P,Alminger T,et al.The mechanism of action of the gastric acid secretion inhibitor omeprazole.J Med Chem,1986,29(8):1327~1329
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    6.高芳华,黄立信.棘球蚴病化学药物研究:苯并咪唑类化合物的合成.中国医药工业杂志,1989,20(3):110~115

    7.Kohl B,Sturm E,Senn-Bilfinger J.(H\++,K\++)-ATPase inhibiting 2-[(2-pyridylmethyl)sulfinyl]benzimidazole 4.A novel series of dimethoxylpyridyl-substituted inhibitors with enhanced selectivity.J Med Chem,1992,35(6):1049~1057

    收稿日期:1999-01-05, 百拇医药(黄国宾 程卯生 黄惠琴 沈建民1)