甲肝减毒活疫苗及加服牛磺酸在接种乙肝疫苗免疫失败儿童中的致免疫性
作者:朱启(金容) 王逢强 邵彩虹 董左权
单位:200032 上海医科大学附属儿科医院
关键词:肝炎;甲型;;疫苗;减毒;;;免疫学技术;;牛磺酸
论 著 Immunogenicity of attenuated hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccine and combined oral
Taurine in the children failed to respond to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine
Zhu Qirong, Wang Fengqiang, Shao Caihong, et al
, 百拇医药
【摘要】 目的 为了估价甲肝减毒活疫苗在接种乙肝疫苗免疫失败儿童中的致免疫性和牛磺酸对该疫苗免疫性的影响。方法 应用随机对照临床试验。选择90名健康儿童随机分成二组:43名接种甲肝减毒活疫苗和口服牛磺酸(Ⅰ组);47名接种疫苗加口服安慰剂(Ⅱ组)。另选择62名由携带HBV的无症状母亲所生接种过乙肝疫苗但是免疫失败者(Ⅲ组)和44名同龄由HBsAg阴性母亲所生接种乙肝疫苗正常免疫反应的健康儿童(Ⅳ组),均接种甲肝减毒活疫苗作比较。所有对象均除外甲肝感染,接种后观察反应,2个月后检测血清-HAV IgG抗体。结果 Ⅰ组抗HAV IgG平均值显著高于Ⅱ组(t=7.109,P〈0.01);Ⅳ组接种甲肝疫苗后抗-HAV IgG平均值与Ⅲ组比较,差异有显著性,(t=1.998,P〈0.05)。结论 接种乙肝疫苗免疫失败儿童接种甲肝减毒活疫苗的免疫效果比健康儿童差。甲肝减毒活疫苗接种后随访未发现明显副反应。牛磺酸对疫苗接种效果的辅助作用值得推广应用。
Immunogenicity of attenuated hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccine and combined oral Taurinein the children failed to respond to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine Zhu Qirong, Wang Fengqiang,Shao Caihong, et al. Children′s Hospital, Shanghai Medical University, Shanghai 200032
, http://www.100md.com
【Abstract】 Objective To assess the immunogenicity of the live attenuated hepatitis A virus
(HAV) vaccine in the children who failed to respond to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine and evaluatethe adjuvanticity of Taurine on the immunogenicity of HAV vaccine. Methods Ninety normal children were randomly divided into two groups. Among them, 43 children received the live attenuated HAV vaccine plus oral Taurine and 47 children received the vaccine plus oral placebo; 62 children who were born to HBV carriers and failed to respond to HBV vaccine and 44 children born to HBsAg negative mothers with normal response to HBV vaccine received the live attenuated HAV vaccine.Blood samples were taken on the day of the vaccine injection and 2 months later. Anti-HAV IgG was detected by enzyme immuonassay. Results A significant difference was seen in anti-HAV IgG response between (HAV) vaccine plus Taurine group and placebo at follow-up period (t=7.109,P〈0.01). A significant defference was found in the absorbance value of anti-HAV IgG between the children who were born to HBV carriers and failed to respond to HBV vaccine and the normal children born to HBsAg negative mothers and received the live attenuated HAV vaccine (t=1.998, P〈0.05).Conclusion Anti-HAV IgG response of the children who failed to respond to HBV vaccine after injected with the live attenuated HAV vaccine was lower than that of normal children. No obvious side effects were noticed after the live attenuated HAV vaccine was used. The adjuvanticity of Taurine on
, http://www.100md.com
the immunogenicity of live attenuated HAV vaccine was worthy to be further studied.
【Key words】 Hepatitis A Vaccines, attenuated Immunologic techniques Taurine
甲型病毒性肝炎(HA)可应用甲肝疫苗预防。我国已成功制备甲型肝炎病毒H2株减
毒活疫苗,该疫苗通过大规模临床试验证实其安全性好,易接受并具有有效的免疫作用。我国已将接种乙肝疫苗列入计划免疫,由于乙肝病毒(HBV)母婴传播等因素,平均5%~10%接种乙肝疫苗后尚存在免疫失败者。作者对乙肝疫苗免疫失败者接种甲肝疫苗的免疫反应,以及对接种甲肝疫苗同时加用牛磺酸是否起到免疫辅助剂作用进行分析。
, 百拇医药
对象和方法
一、对象
于1995年3月选择某幼儿园4.1~6.4岁除外母亲为HBV携带者90名健康儿童随机分
成二组,43名接种甲肝减毒活疫苗同时口服牛磺酸4g(Ⅰ组),47名接种甲肝疫苗同时口服外观与牛磺酸相似的葡萄糖(Ⅱ组);同时,选于我院乙肝疫苗随访专业门诊的小儿62名,年龄3.1~6.8岁,母亲均为HBV无症状携带者,生下后接种乙肝疫苗未产生抗HBs的免疫失败者,多数因产前或产时感染HBV而不产生抗-HBs(Ⅲ组)。此外和同年上述幼儿园年龄3.0~6.8岁的44名其母亲HBsAg阴性接种乙肝疫苗正常免疫反应的健康儿童。分别接种甲肝疫苗作比较(Ⅳ组)。所有对象除外甲型肝炎感染史,血清抗-HAV IgG均为阴性。
二、甲肝疫苗和辅助剂
由浙江省医学科学院研制提供的甲型肝炎病毒H2株减毒活疫苗,每毫升含HAV 106.5组织培养感染剂量(TCID),批号为950117。凡接种者用1 ml疫苗于臀部肌内注射。辅助剂选用牛磺酸,由深圳海王制药公司生产,呈白色粉末状,批号为950104,安慰剂由本院药房提供的白色葡萄糖粉末,凡加用者均为等量4克口服,采取双盲法服用。
, 百拇医药
三、血清学检测
所有对象在接种前及接种后2个月,静脉采血分离血清。用酶联免疫试验测抗-HAV IgG及-HAV IgM,试剂盒由浙江省医学科学院生物技术公司提供,批号为950217,950411。抗-HAV IgG以吸光度A值(曾称吸光度OD值)表示,低于空白对照值范围者为产生抗体反应,凡抗-HAV IgG愈高则A值愈低。抗-HAV IgM仅接种后检测。检测肝功能丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT),>40IU为异常。
四、副反应和统计分析
自接种日起3天内每日用随访表记录有无全身或局部的不良反应。血清学检测A值均数的组间差异用t检验分析。
结果
甲肝减毒活疫苗(LA-HAVac)接种后有3名发生副反应,2名有发热,体温最高<38.5℃,持续至第二天退热;1名有恶心,均未给予处理自愈。有10例发生注射局部疼痛,占5.1%,持续1天后消失,无局部红、肿或局部淋巴结肿大等异常。接种后2个月所有对象未测到抗-HAV IgM阳性。而Ⅰ组抗-HAV IgG的A值平均数比Ⅱ组低,t=7.109,P〈0.01,差异有非常显著性,Ⅲ组与Ⅳ组比较,t=1.998,P〈0.05,差异有显著性,见附表。
, http://www.100md.com
附表 健康儿及乙肝疫苗免疫失败儿童接种甲肝疫苗的反应及抗-HAV IgG A值的比较
组别
例数
副反应例数
抗-HAV IgGA值(±s)
t值
P值
发热
恶心
局部疼痛
, http://www.100md.com
Ⅰ组
43
2
0.303±0.087
0.423±0.073}
7.109〈0.01
Ⅱ组
47
1
1
3
Ⅲ组
62
, 百拇医药
1
2
0.442±0.043
0.416±0.089}
1.998〈0.05
Ⅳ组
44
3
讨 论
虽然我国研制的甲型肝炎病毒(H2株)减毒活疫苗经广泛临床试验表明是安全、有效的[1,2],但其抗-HAV IgG的效价不太高。为此我们选择HBV 母婴传播高危
, http://www.100md.com
儿童,生下接种过乙肝疫苗的免疫失败者,主要是受HBV感染而处于免疫耐受或感
染HBV变异株而未能产生抗-HBs者[3,4]来观察注射甲肝减毒活疫苗是否能产生抗
体反应,发现有反应但比同龄非HBV携带母亲所生的健康儿童组低,提示如何能提
高现有甲肝减毒活疫苗的致免疫性。近年发现牛磺酸口服可提高乙肝疫苗接种后的
抗体应答具有辅助剂作用[5,6]。本研究经随机双盲临床对照试验发现非HBV母婴
传播高危儿童接种甲肝疫苗加服牛磺酸比加服安慰剂组抗体应答显著增强,提示牛
磺酸对甲肝减毒活疫苗也同样能起到辅助剂作用,这为今后甲肝疫苗列入计划免疫
, 百拇医药
时为提高其免疫效应可推广加服牛磺酸。此外经观察接种甲肝减毒活疫苗时无论是
否加服牛磺酸,均未见有严重不良反应,更没有发现导致接种后甲型肝炎抗-HAV IgM
阳性和肝功能ALT异常,且易于儿童接受。
参考文献
1Just M, Berger R. Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of inactivated hepatitis A
vaccine. Vaccine. 1992, 10(Supple 1):S110-S113.
2张淑雅,毛江森,黄海鹰,等.甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗(H2减毒株)在人体接种的安全
, http://www.100md.com
性观察.中华医学杂志,1990,70:682-684.
3愈蕙,朱启(金容),吕晴,等.宫内HBV感染小儿接种HB疫苗的细胞免疫功能研
究.肝脏,1996,1:65-68.
4吕晴,朱启,段恕诚,等.乙型肝炎疫苗免疫失败小儿S基因变异及临床特点研
究.中华肝脏病杂志,1997,5:15-17.
5Kuriyama S, Tsujii T, Ishizaka S, et al. Enhancing effects of oral adjuvants on anti-HBs
responses induced by hepatitis B vaccine. Clin Exp Immunol, 1988, 72:383-389.
6Ishizaka S, Kuriyama S, Kikuchi E, et al. A novel oral adjuvant for hepatitis B virus
(HBV) vaccines. J Hepatol, 1990, 11:326-329.
(收稿:1997-01-20 修回:1997-04-02), http://www.100md.com
单位:200032 上海医科大学附属儿科医院
关键词:肝炎;甲型;;疫苗;减毒;;;免疫学技术;;牛磺酸
论 著 Immunogenicity of attenuated hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccine and combined oral
Taurine in the children failed to respond to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine
Zhu Qirong, Wang Fengqiang, Shao Caihong, et al
, 百拇医药
【摘要】 目的 为了估价甲肝减毒活疫苗在接种乙肝疫苗免疫失败儿童中的致免疫性和牛磺酸对该疫苗免疫性的影响。方法 应用随机对照临床试验。选择90名健康儿童随机分成二组:43名接种甲肝减毒活疫苗和口服牛磺酸(Ⅰ组);47名接种疫苗加口服安慰剂(Ⅱ组)。另选择62名由携带HBV的无症状母亲所生接种过乙肝疫苗但是免疫失败者(Ⅲ组)和44名同龄由HBsAg阴性母亲所生接种乙肝疫苗正常免疫反应的健康儿童(Ⅳ组),均接种甲肝减毒活疫苗作比较。所有对象均除外甲肝感染,接种后观察反应,2个月后检测血清-HAV IgG抗体。结果 Ⅰ组抗HAV IgG平均值显著高于Ⅱ组(t=7.109,P〈0.01);Ⅳ组接种甲肝疫苗后抗-HAV IgG平均值与Ⅲ组比较,差异有显著性,(t=1.998,P〈0.05)。结论 接种乙肝疫苗免疫失败儿童接种甲肝减毒活疫苗的免疫效果比健康儿童差。甲肝减毒活疫苗接种后随访未发现明显副反应。牛磺酸对疫苗接种效果的辅助作用值得推广应用。
Immunogenicity of attenuated hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccine and combined oral Taurinein the children failed to respond to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine Zhu Qirong, Wang Fengqiang,Shao Caihong, et al. Children′s Hospital, Shanghai Medical University, Shanghai 200032
, http://www.100md.com
【Abstract】 Objective To assess the immunogenicity of the live attenuated hepatitis A virus
(HAV) vaccine in the children who failed to respond to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine and evaluatethe adjuvanticity of Taurine on the immunogenicity of HAV vaccine. Methods Ninety normal children were randomly divided into two groups. Among them, 43 children received the live attenuated HAV vaccine plus oral Taurine and 47 children received the vaccine plus oral placebo; 62 children who were born to HBV carriers and failed to respond to HBV vaccine and 44 children born to HBsAg negative mothers with normal response to HBV vaccine received the live attenuated HAV vaccine.Blood samples were taken on the day of the vaccine injection and 2 months later. Anti-HAV IgG was detected by enzyme immuonassay. Results A significant difference was seen in anti-HAV IgG response between (HAV) vaccine plus Taurine group and placebo at follow-up period (t=7.109,P〈0.01). A significant defference was found in the absorbance value of anti-HAV IgG between the children who were born to HBV carriers and failed to respond to HBV vaccine and the normal children born to HBsAg negative mothers and received the live attenuated HAV vaccine (t=1.998, P〈0.05).Conclusion Anti-HAV IgG response of the children who failed to respond to HBV vaccine after injected with the live attenuated HAV vaccine was lower than that of normal children. No obvious side effects were noticed after the live attenuated HAV vaccine was used. The adjuvanticity of Taurine on
, http://www.100md.com
the immunogenicity of live attenuated HAV vaccine was worthy to be further studied.
【Key words】 Hepatitis A Vaccines, attenuated Immunologic techniques Taurine
甲型病毒性肝炎(HA)可应用甲肝疫苗预防。我国已成功制备甲型肝炎病毒H2株减
毒活疫苗,该疫苗通过大规模临床试验证实其安全性好,易接受并具有有效的免疫作用。我国已将接种乙肝疫苗列入计划免疫,由于乙肝病毒(HBV)母婴传播等因素,平均5%~10%接种乙肝疫苗后尚存在免疫失败者。作者对乙肝疫苗免疫失败者接种甲肝疫苗的免疫反应,以及对接种甲肝疫苗同时加用牛磺酸是否起到免疫辅助剂作用进行分析。
, 百拇医药
对象和方法
一、对象
于1995年3月选择某幼儿园4.1~6.4岁除外母亲为HBV携带者90名健康儿童随机分
成二组,43名接种甲肝减毒活疫苗同时口服牛磺酸4g(Ⅰ组),47名接种甲肝疫苗同时口服外观与牛磺酸相似的葡萄糖(Ⅱ组);同时,选于我院乙肝疫苗随访专业门诊的小儿62名,年龄3.1~6.8岁,母亲均为HBV无症状携带者,生下后接种乙肝疫苗未产生抗HBs的免疫失败者,多数因产前或产时感染HBV而不产生抗-HBs(Ⅲ组)。此外和同年上述幼儿园年龄3.0~6.8岁的44名其母亲HBsAg阴性接种乙肝疫苗正常免疫反应的健康儿童。分别接种甲肝疫苗作比较(Ⅳ组)。所有对象除外甲型肝炎感染史,血清抗-HAV IgG均为阴性。
二、甲肝疫苗和辅助剂
由浙江省医学科学院研制提供的甲型肝炎病毒H2株减毒活疫苗,每毫升含HAV 106.5组织培养感染剂量(TCID),批号为950117。凡接种者用1 ml疫苗于臀部肌内注射。辅助剂选用牛磺酸,由深圳海王制药公司生产,呈白色粉末状,批号为950104,安慰剂由本院药房提供的白色葡萄糖粉末,凡加用者均为等量4克口服,采取双盲法服用。
, 百拇医药
三、血清学检测
所有对象在接种前及接种后2个月,静脉采血分离血清。用酶联免疫试验测抗-HAV IgG及-HAV IgM,试剂盒由浙江省医学科学院生物技术公司提供,批号为950217,950411。抗-HAV IgG以吸光度A值(曾称吸光度OD值)表示,低于空白对照值范围者为产生抗体反应,凡抗-HAV IgG愈高则A值愈低。抗-HAV IgM仅接种后检测。检测肝功能丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT),>40IU为异常。
四、副反应和统计分析
自接种日起3天内每日用随访表记录有无全身或局部的不良反应。血清学检测A值均数的组间差异用t检验分析。
结果
甲肝减毒活疫苗(LA-HAVac)接种后有3名发生副反应,2名有发热,体温最高<38.5℃,持续至第二天退热;1名有恶心,均未给予处理自愈。有10例发生注射局部疼痛,占5.1%,持续1天后消失,无局部红、肿或局部淋巴结肿大等异常。接种后2个月所有对象未测到抗-HAV IgM阳性。而Ⅰ组抗-HAV IgG的A值平均数比Ⅱ组低,t=7.109,P〈0.01,差异有非常显著性,Ⅲ组与Ⅳ组比较,t=1.998,P〈0.05,差异有显著性,见附表。
, http://www.100md.com
附表 健康儿及乙肝疫苗免疫失败儿童接种甲肝疫苗的反应及抗-HAV IgG A值的比较
组别
例数
副反应例数
抗-HAV IgGA值(±s)
t值
P值
发热
恶心
局部疼痛
, http://www.100md.com
Ⅰ组
43
2
0.303±0.087
0.423±0.073}
7.109〈0.01
Ⅱ组
47
1
1
3
Ⅲ组
62
, 百拇医药
1
2
0.442±0.043
0.416±0.089}
1.998〈0.05
Ⅳ组
44
3
讨 论
虽然我国研制的甲型肝炎病毒(H2株)减毒活疫苗经广泛临床试验表明是安全、有效的[1,2],但其抗-HAV IgG的效价不太高。为此我们选择HBV 母婴传播高危
, http://www.100md.com
儿童,生下接种过乙肝疫苗的免疫失败者,主要是受HBV感染而处于免疫耐受或感
染HBV变异株而未能产生抗-HBs者[3,4]来观察注射甲肝减毒活疫苗是否能产生抗
体反应,发现有反应但比同龄非HBV携带母亲所生的健康儿童组低,提示如何能提
高现有甲肝减毒活疫苗的致免疫性。近年发现牛磺酸口服可提高乙肝疫苗接种后的
抗体应答具有辅助剂作用[5,6]。本研究经随机双盲临床对照试验发现非HBV母婴
传播高危儿童接种甲肝疫苗加服牛磺酸比加服安慰剂组抗体应答显著增强,提示牛
磺酸对甲肝减毒活疫苗也同样能起到辅助剂作用,这为今后甲肝疫苗列入计划免疫
, 百拇医药
时为提高其免疫效应可推广加服牛磺酸。此外经观察接种甲肝减毒活疫苗时无论是
否加服牛磺酸,均未见有严重不良反应,更没有发现导致接种后甲型肝炎抗-HAV IgM
阳性和肝功能ALT异常,且易于儿童接受。
参考文献
1Just M, Berger R. Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of inactivated hepatitis A
vaccine. Vaccine. 1992, 10(Supple 1):S110-S113.
2张淑雅,毛江森,黄海鹰,等.甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗(H2减毒株)在人体接种的安全
, http://www.100md.com
性观察.中华医学杂志,1990,70:682-684.
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