培哚普利对慢性心功能不全大鼠心肌肌浆网Ca2+泵功能的影响
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作者:耿召华 李隆贵 黄坚 胡友勇 耿建萌 何作云 祝善俊
单位:耿召华(第三军医大学附属新桥医院心血管内科,重庆 400037);李隆贵(第三军医大学附属新桥医院心血管内科,重庆 400037);黄坚(第三军医大学附属新桥医院心血管内科,重庆 400037);胡友勇(第三军医大学附属新桥医院心血管内科,重庆 400037);耿建萌(第三军医大学附属新桥医院心血管内科,重庆 400037)
关键词:培哚普利;心功能不全;肌浆网Ca2+泵;大鼠
第三军医大学学报000917 提 要: 目的 探讨血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)干预慢性心功能不全对心肌肌浆网(SR)Ca2+泵活性和Ca2+摄取功能的影响及意义。方法 80只大鼠分为心功能不全组(F组),培哚普利组(P组),对照组(C组)。通过结扎大鼠左冠脉建立慢性心功能不全模型,以培哚普利进行干预,对照观察血流动力学、左室心肌SR Ca2+泵活性、SR Ca2+摄取Vmax、Kd值和最大摄取量。结果 F组左室舒张末压(LVEDP)显著升高(P<0.01),+dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax显著降低(P<0.01);P组LVEDP显著低于F组(P<0.01),+dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax显著高于F组(P<0.01)。F组心肌SR Ca2+泵活性、Ca2+最大摄取量和Vmax显著低于C组(P<0.01),P组显著高于F组(P<0.01),3组Kd值差异不显著(P>0.05)。心肌SR Ca2+泵活性与Vmax、+dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax显著正相关(r=0.7429,0.5161,0.6172,P<0.01)。结论 培哚普利长期干预慢性心功能不全,能够增加心肌SR Ca2+泵活性,改善Ca2+摄取功能,可能与其改善心肌舒缩功能及心肌保护作用有关。
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中图法分类号: R541.61;R971.1 文献标识码: A
文章编号:1000-5404(2000)09-0875-04
Effect of peridopril on myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump in rats with chronic cardiac insufficiency
GENG Zhao-hua
(Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China)
LI Long-gui
, 百拇医药
(Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China)
HUANG Jian
(Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China)
HU You-yong
(Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China)
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GENG Jian-meng
(Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China)
HE Zuo-yun
(Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China)
ZHU Shan-jun
(Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China)
, 百拇医药
Abstract: Objective To study the effects and significance of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) on Ca2+ pump activity and Ca2+ uptake function in myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in the prevention and treatment of chronic cardiac insufficiency. Methods The models of chronic cardiac insufficiency were established with left coronary ligation in 60 rats and then they were divided into group F(Cardiac insufficiency) and group P(Peridopril treated). Other 20 rats were employed as control group. Hemodynamic parameters, SR Ca2+ pump activity of left ventricle, Vmax and maximum amount of Ca2+ uptake by SR, and Kd of Ca2+ uptake were determined. Results Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was increased significantly in group F than in control (P<0.01) but +dp/dtmax and -dp/dtmax was decreased obviously (P<0.01). LVEDP was markedly lower in group P than in group F (P<0.01) but +dp/dtmax and -dp/dtmax was remarkably higher (P<0.01). SR Ca2+ pump activity, Vmax and maximum amount of Ca2+ uptake were highest in group P, higher in group F and lowest in control group (P<0.01). But no significant difference was found in Kd of the 3 groups. Myocardial SR Ca2+ pump activity was positively correlated with +dp/dtmax and -dp/dtmax significantly (r=0.7429,0.5161,0.6172, P<0.01). Conclusion Peridopril can improve the Ca2+ pump activity and Ca2+ uptake function of myocardial SR in the prevention and treatment of chronic cardiac insufficiency, which might due to its enhancement to myocardial function and protection.
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Key words: peridopril; cardiac insufficiency; myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump; rat
血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor,ACEI)可通过抑制神经内分泌过度激活,减轻心脏负荷,预防和逆转心肌重塑等机制,有效地预防和治疗心力衰竭[1]。近年研究证实,心肌肌浆网(Sarcoplasmic reticulum,SR) Ca2+转运功能障碍,在慢性心功能不全病理过程中发挥重要作用[2]。ACEI 长期干预慢性心功能不全是否影响心肌SR Ca2+泵活性及Ca2+转运功能,从而影响心肌舒缩功能?本实验通过结扎大鼠左冠脉复制慢性心功能不全模型,观察培哚普利干预对心肌SR Ca2+泵活性及Ca2+转运功能的影响,从细胞内Ca2+调节角度探讨ACEI改善心肌舒缩功能及细胞保护作用的机制。
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1 材料和方法
1.1 材料1.1.1 实验动物 雄性Wistar大鼠,体重150~250 g(第三军医大学实验动物中心提供)。
1.1.2 主要试剂 ATP-2Na、EGTA、Fura-2(游离型)、HEPES(Sigma公司,美国),其它试剂均为进口或国产分析纯级产品。
1.2 方法
1.2.1动物分组及模型复制 大鼠80只随机分为3组:①心功能不全组(30只,F组),参照文献[3]方法开胸结扎左冠脉主干。②培哚普利组(30只,P组),手术方法同前,术后2周管饲法给药(培哚普利,3 mg*kg-1*d-1)。③对照组(20只,C组),行假手术,不结扎冠脉。各组大鼠于术后10周进行指标检测。
1.2.2 检测指标及方法 ①血流动力学指标:经颈动脉插管,用八导生理记录仪(RM-600型)记录左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左室压力上升和下降最大速度(+dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax)、主动脉收缩压及舒张压(SAP、DAP)、心率(HR)。②SR Ca2+泵活性检测:参照Afzal等[4]方法提取左室心肌SR,Lowry法蛋白定量。参照陈兰英等[5]方法检测心肌SR Ca2+泵活性。③SR Ca2+摄取测定:参照Kargacin等[6]方法略加修改,反应介质:20 mmol/L Tris-HCl(pH 6.8)、100 mmol/L KCl、4 mmol/L MgCl2、20 mmol/L HEPES、5 mmol/L Na2N3、10 mmol/L草酸钾、2 μmol/L 游离酸型Fura-2、SR蛋白0.02 mg。室温孵育10 min后,加入0.1 mmol/L CaCl2和4 mmol/L ATP-2Na启动Ca2+摄取反应,反应总体积2 ml。观察Ca2+浓度对SR Ca2+摄取速度的影响时,加入4 mmol/L EGTA和不同浓度的CaCl2调整游离Ca2+浓度,双波长荧光分光光度计(LS50B型,美国PE公司)连续监测340 nm和380 nm激发波长荧光强度比值的变化,发射波长510 nm,快速转换频率300 Hz。荧光强度比值每秒计算1次。采用Fura-2软件(美国PE公司)计算SR外游离和总Ca2+浓度,用总Ca2+浓度变化计算SR摄取Ca2+量和速度,Lineweaver-Burk作图求Ca2+摄取最大速度(Vmax)和平衡解离常数(Kd)。
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1.3 统计学处理
实验数据以x±s表示,采用Excel统计软件进行t检验和相关分析。
2 结果
2.1 实验大鼠一般情况
C组大鼠死亡4只,F组死亡12只,P组死亡14只,主要死于术中及术后并发气胸和出血等。术后10周,F组和P组大鼠有不同程度紫绀、活动及进食减少,F组部分大鼠出现肢端水肿。3组左室重量指数(LVMI)、术前平均体重差异不显著(P>0.05);术后10周,F组和P组平均体重显著低于C组(P<0.05),F组和P组差异不显著(P>0.05),见表1。
表1 各组体重和左室重量指数比较(x±s)
Tab 1 Comparison of body weight and LVMI(x±s) Group
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Body weight(m/g)
LVMI(ωB/mg*g-1)
Before operation
10 weeks after operation
C
196.1±47.3(n=20)
328.4±52.1(n=16)
2.16±0.27(n=16)
F
187.3±39.5(n=30)
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279.6±43.7(n=18)#
2.29±0.23(n=18)
P
189.4±37.6(n=30)
283.2±45.3(n=16)#
2.18±0.29(n=16)
C:Control; F: Cadiac insufficiency; P: Perindopril treated;
LVMI: Left ventricular mass index(left ventricular mass/body weight);#: P<0.05 vs C
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2.2 血流动力学指标变化见表2
表2 血流动力学指标的变化(x±s)
Tab 2 Changes of hemodynamic parameters(x±s) Parameter
C(n=16)
F(n=18)
P(n=16)
SAP(p/kPa)
16.77±2.08
15.16±1.94#
12.79±1.58# # *
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DAP(p/kPa)
13.65±1.81
12.87±1.91
10.54±1.54# # * *
MAP(p/kPa)
14.84±1.39
13.45±1.27#
11.26±1.11# # * *
LVSP(p/kPa)
18.61±2.56
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16.34±2.31#
13.12±1.51# # * *
LVEDP(p/kPa)
0.90±0.18
2.87±0.49# #
1.36±0.29# * *
+dp/dtmax(kPa/s)
794.20±56.32
556.39±55.31# #
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737.75±58.04# # * *
-dp/dtmax(kPa/s)
616.48±51.52
438.63±45.56# #
573.15±46.77# * *
HR(min-1)
406.1±56.1
403.3±61.7
394.6±54.4
SAP:Systolic arterial pressure;DAP:Diastolic arterial pressure;MAP:Mean arterial pressure;LVSP:Left ventricular systolic pressure;LVEDP:Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure;HR:Heart rate;dp/dt:First derivative of ventricular pressure;#:P<0.05,# #:P<0.01 vs C;*: P<0.05,* *: P<0.01 vs F2.3 左室心肌SR Ca2+泵活性和Ca2+摄取功能的变化
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F组左室心肌SR Ca2+泵活性显著低于C组(P<0.01),P组显著高于F组(P<0.01)但仍低于C组(P<0.01)。F组SR Ca2+最大摄取量和Vmax显著低于C组(P<0.01),P组均显著高于F组(P<0.01)但仍低于C组(P<0.05或P<0.01),3组Kd差异不显著(P>0.05),见图1、2,表3。
图1 心肌肌浆网Ca2+摄取时间曲线
Fig 1 Time course of Ca2+ uptake of myocardial SR
图2 Ca2+浓度对心肌肌浆网Ca2+摄取速度的影响
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Fig 2 Effect of Ca2+ concentration on the velocity of
Ca2+ uptake of myocardial SR
表3 心肌SR Ca2+泵活性和Ca2+摄取功能的变化(x±s)
Tab 3 Changes of SR Ca2+ pump activity and functionof Ca2+ uptake(x±s)
Group
Parameter
C
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F
P
Activity of SR Ca2+ pump
(μmol*mg-1*h-1)
9.73±0.36
4.64±0.21# #
7.90±0.29# # * *
Amount of Ca2+uptake(mB/nmol*mg-1)
389.6 ±39.7
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241.6 ±28.2# #
337.8 ±36.3# * *
Vmax of Ca2+ uptake
(nmol*mg-1*min-1)
158.3 ±12.7
78.4 ±5.9# #
124.8 ±9.4# # * *
Kd of Ca2+ uptake
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(CB/μmol*L-1)
0.81±0.08
0.78±0.06
0.76±0.07
#:P<0.05,## P<0.01 vs C; *:P<0.05,* *:P<0.01 vs F
2.4 心肌SR Ca2+泵活性与血流动力学关系
心肌SR Ca2+泵活性与+dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax值显著正相关(y=0.0142x+0.0065,y=0.0150x+0.0053;r=0.5161,r=0.6172,P<0.01),SR Ca2+泵活性与Vmax显著正相关(y=0.0547x+0.0136,r=0.7429,P<0.01)。
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3 讨论
本实验结果显示,培哚普利长期干预慢性心功能不全,可显著改善血流动力学,使左室+dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax值显著升高,与其他作者报道一致[7,8] 。3组左室重量指数差异不显著,可能与结扎左冠脉主干梗塞范围较大,观察时间相对较短有关。
大量研究表明,SR Ca2+转运在介导心肌舒缩过程及维持细胞内Ca2+稳态过程中发挥关键作用;心肌SR Ca2+泵活性及Ca2+摄取功能异常是导致慢性心功能不全心肌舒缩功能障碍的重要原因,也是导致细胞内Ca2+超载及引起心肌损伤的重要原因之一[2,9]。ACEI能够有效地预防和治疗慢性心功能不全,并具有一定心肌保护作用[1,7,8]。上述作用是否与改善SR Ca2+转运功能有关至今未见报道。为此本实验观察了培哚普利长期干预慢性心功能不全对心肌SR Ca2+泵活性及Ca2+摄取功能的影响。结果表明,心肌梗死后慢性心功能不全心肌SR Ca2+泵活性和Ca2+摄取功能显著降低,培哚普利长期干预慢性心功能不全,可增加SR Ca2+泵活性,改善SR Ca2+摄取功能;3组Kd无显著差异,表明SR Ca2+摄取功能的变化可能与Ca2+结合亲合力无关;相关分析还显示,SR Ca2+泵活性与Ca2+摄取最大速度及+dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax值显著正相关,表明心肌SR Ca2+泵活性降低是引起SR Ca2+摄取功能障碍的重要原因,SR Ca2+摄取功能障碍是引起左室舒缩功能减退的原因之一,提示ACEI改善左室心肌舒缩功能可能与改善SR Ca2+泵活性及Ca2+摄取功能有关。ACEI改善SR Ca2+泵活性及Ca2+摄取功能,一方面有利于心肌快速舒张;另一方面可促进SR释放Ca2+,增强心肌收缩力;此外,还有利于维持细胞内Ca2+稳态,从而发挥心肌保护作用。Spinale等[10]的研究表明,ACEI长期治疗心功能不全可使心肌SR Ca2+泵密度增加,支持本实验结果,并提示ACEI可能影响Ca2+泵基因表达水平,其机制有待于进一步研究。
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作者简介:耿召华(1968-),男,云南省澄江县人,硕士,主治医师,讲师,主要从事充血性心力衰竭方面的研究。电话:(023)68755539
作者单位:何作云(第三军医大学附属新桥医院心血管内科,重庆 400037)
祝善俊(第三军医大学附属新桥医院心血管内科,重庆 400037)
参考文献:
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, http://www.100md.com [2] Lompre A M, Anger M, Levitsk D, et al. Sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pumps in the cardiovascular system:function and gene expression[J]. J Mol Cell Cardiol,1994,26(9):1 109-1 121.
[3] Drexler H, Depenbusch J W, Truog A G, et al. Effects of diltia-zem on cardiac function and regional blood at rest and during exercise in a conscious rat preparation of chronic heart failure (myocardial infarction)[J]. Circulation ,1985,71(6):1 262-1 270.
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[4] Afzal N, Dhalla N S. Different changes in left and right ventricular SR calcium transport in congestive heart failure[J]. Am J Physiol,1992,262(4):H868-H874.
[5] 陈兰英,陈 曦.两亲化合物与肌浆网Ca ATPase作用的研究Ⅱ.影响酶活力因素的初步探讨[J]. 生物化学与生物物理学报,1987,19(6):437-445.
[6] Kargacin M E, Kargacin G J. Methods for the determining cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump kinetics from fura-2 measurements[J]. Am J Physiol,1994,267(4):C1 145-C1 151.
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[7] Spinale F G, Holzgrefe H H, Mukherjee R, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and the progression of congestive cardiomyopathy:effects on left ventricular and myocyte structure and function[J]. Circulation 1995,92(3):562-578.
[8] Spinale F G, Gasparo M D, Whitebread S, et al. Modulation of the renin-angiotensin pathway through enzyme inhibition and specific receptor blockade in pacing-induced heart failure:1.Effects on left ventricular performance and neurohormonal system[J]. Circulation,1997,96(7):2 385-2 396.
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[9] Barry W H, Bridge J H B. Intracellular calcium homeostasis in cardiac myocytes[J]. Circulation,1993,87(6):1 806-1 815.
[10] Spinale F G, Mukherjee R, Iannini J P, et al. Modulation of the renin-angiotensin pathway through enzyme inhibition and specific receptor blockade in pacing-induced heart failure:2.Effects on myocyte contractile processes[J]. Circulation,1997,96(7):2 397-2 406.
收稿日期:2000-02-01;修回日期:2000-07-05, 百拇医药
单位:耿召华(第三军医大学附属新桥医院心血管内科,重庆 400037);李隆贵(第三军医大学附属新桥医院心血管内科,重庆 400037);黄坚(第三军医大学附属新桥医院心血管内科,重庆 400037);胡友勇(第三军医大学附属新桥医院心血管内科,重庆 400037);耿建萌(第三军医大学附属新桥医院心血管内科,重庆 400037)
关键词:培哚普利;心功能不全;肌浆网Ca2+泵;大鼠
第三军医大学学报000917 提 要: 目的 探讨血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)干预慢性心功能不全对心肌肌浆网(SR)Ca2+泵活性和Ca2+摄取功能的影响及意义。方法 80只大鼠分为心功能不全组(F组),培哚普利组(P组),对照组(C组)。通过结扎大鼠左冠脉建立慢性心功能不全模型,以培哚普利进行干预,对照观察血流动力学、左室心肌SR Ca2+泵活性、SR Ca2+摄取Vmax、Kd值和最大摄取量。结果 F组左室舒张末压(LVEDP)显著升高(P<0.01),+dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax显著降低(P<0.01);P组LVEDP显著低于F组(P<0.01),+dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax显著高于F组(P<0.01)。F组心肌SR Ca2+泵活性、Ca2+最大摄取量和Vmax显著低于C组(P<0.01),P组显著高于F组(P<0.01),3组Kd值差异不显著(P>0.05)。心肌SR Ca2+泵活性与Vmax、+dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax显著正相关(r=0.7429,0.5161,0.6172,P<0.01)。结论 培哚普利长期干预慢性心功能不全,能够增加心肌SR Ca2+泵活性,改善Ca2+摄取功能,可能与其改善心肌舒缩功能及心肌保护作用有关。
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中图法分类号: R541.61;R971.1 文献标识码: A
文章编号:1000-5404(2000)09-0875-04
Effect of peridopril on myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump in rats with chronic cardiac insufficiency
GENG Zhao-hua
(Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China)
LI Long-gui
, 百拇医药
(Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China)
HUANG Jian
(Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China)
HU You-yong
(Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China)
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GENG Jian-meng
(Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China)
HE Zuo-yun
(Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China)
ZHU Shan-jun
(Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China)
, 百拇医药
Abstract: Objective To study the effects and significance of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) on Ca2+ pump activity and Ca2+ uptake function in myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in the prevention and treatment of chronic cardiac insufficiency. Methods The models of chronic cardiac insufficiency were established with left coronary ligation in 60 rats and then they were divided into group F(Cardiac insufficiency) and group P(Peridopril treated). Other 20 rats were employed as control group. Hemodynamic parameters, SR Ca2+ pump activity of left ventricle, Vmax and maximum amount of Ca2+ uptake by SR, and Kd of Ca2+ uptake were determined. Results Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was increased significantly in group F than in control (P<0.01) but +dp/dtmax and -dp/dtmax was decreased obviously (P<0.01). LVEDP was markedly lower in group P than in group F (P<0.01) but +dp/dtmax and -dp/dtmax was remarkably higher (P<0.01). SR Ca2+ pump activity, Vmax and maximum amount of Ca2+ uptake were highest in group P, higher in group F and lowest in control group (P<0.01). But no significant difference was found in Kd of the 3 groups. Myocardial SR Ca2+ pump activity was positively correlated with +dp/dtmax and -dp/dtmax significantly (r=0.7429,0.5161,0.6172, P<0.01). Conclusion Peridopril can improve the Ca2+ pump activity and Ca2+ uptake function of myocardial SR in the prevention and treatment of chronic cardiac insufficiency, which might due to its enhancement to myocardial function and protection.
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Key words: peridopril; cardiac insufficiency; myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump; rat
血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor,ACEI)可通过抑制神经内分泌过度激活,减轻心脏负荷,预防和逆转心肌重塑等机制,有效地预防和治疗心力衰竭[1]。近年研究证实,心肌肌浆网(Sarcoplasmic reticulum,SR) Ca2+转运功能障碍,在慢性心功能不全病理过程中发挥重要作用[2]。ACEI 长期干预慢性心功能不全是否影响心肌SR Ca2+泵活性及Ca2+转运功能,从而影响心肌舒缩功能?本实验通过结扎大鼠左冠脉复制慢性心功能不全模型,观察培哚普利干预对心肌SR Ca2+泵活性及Ca2+转运功能的影响,从细胞内Ca2+调节角度探讨ACEI改善心肌舒缩功能及细胞保护作用的机制。
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1 材料和方法
1.1 材料1.1.1 实验动物 雄性Wistar大鼠,体重150~250 g(第三军医大学实验动物中心提供)。
1.1.2 主要试剂 ATP-2Na、EGTA、Fura-2(游离型)、HEPES(Sigma公司,美国),其它试剂均为进口或国产分析纯级产品。
1.2 方法
1.2.1动物分组及模型复制 大鼠80只随机分为3组:①心功能不全组(30只,F组),参照文献[3]方法开胸结扎左冠脉主干。②培哚普利组(30只,P组),手术方法同前,术后2周管饲法给药(培哚普利,3 mg*kg-1*d-1)。③对照组(20只,C组),行假手术,不结扎冠脉。各组大鼠于术后10周进行指标检测。
1.2.2 检测指标及方法 ①血流动力学指标:经颈动脉插管,用八导生理记录仪(RM-600型)记录左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左室压力上升和下降最大速度(+dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax)、主动脉收缩压及舒张压(SAP、DAP)、心率(HR)。②SR Ca2+泵活性检测:参照Afzal等[4]方法提取左室心肌SR,Lowry法蛋白定量。参照陈兰英等[5]方法检测心肌SR Ca2+泵活性。③SR Ca2+摄取测定:参照Kargacin等[6]方法略加修改,反应介质:20 mmol/L Tris-HCl(pH 6.8)、100 mmol/L KCl、4 mmol/L MgCl2、20 mmol/L HEPES、5 mmol/L Na2N3、10 mmol/L草酸钾、2 μmol/L 游离酸型Fura-2、SR蛋白0.02 mg。室温孵育10 min后,加入0.1 mmol/L CaCl2和4 mmol/L ATP-2Na启动Ca2+摄取反应,反应总体积2 ml。观察Ca2+浓度对SR Ca2+摄取速度的影响时,加入4 mmol/L EGTA和不同浓度的CaCl2调整游离Ca2+浓度,双波长荧光分光光度计(LS50B型,美国PE公司)连续监测340 nm和380 nm激发波长荧光强度比值的变化,发射波长510 nm,快速转换频率300 Hz。荧光强度比值每秒计算1次。采用Fura-2软件(美国PE公司)计算SR外游离和总Ca2+浓度,用总Ca2+浓度变化计算SR摄取Ca2+量和速度,Lineweaver-Burk作图求Ca2+摄取最大速度(Vmax)和平衡解离常数(Kd)。
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1.3 统计学处理
实验数据以x±s表示,采用Excel统计软件进行t检验和相关分析。
2 结果
2.1 实验大鼠一般情况
C组大鼠死亡4只,F组死亡12只,P组死亡14只,主要死于术中及术后并发气胸和出血等。术后10周,F组和P组大鼠有不同程度紫绀、活动及进食减少,F组部分大鼠出现肢端水肿。3组左室重量指数(LVMI)、术前平均体重差异不显著(P>0.05);术后10周,F组和P组平均体重显著低于C组(P<0.05),F组和P组差异不显著(P>0.05),见表1。
表1 各组体重和左室重量指数比较(x±s)
Tab 1 Comparison of body weight and LVMI(x±s) Group
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Body weight(m/g)
LVMI(ωB/mg*g-1)
Before operation
10 weeks after operation
C
196.1±47.3(n=20)
328.4±52.1(n=16)
2.16±0.27(n=16)
F
187.3±39.5(n=30)
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279.6±43.7(n=18)#
2.29±0.23(n=18)
P
189.4±37.6(n=30)
283.2±45.3(n=16)#
2.18±0.29(n=16)
C:Control; F: Cadiac insufficiency; P: Perindopril treated;
LVMI: Left ventricular mass index(left ventricular mass/body weight);#: P<0.05 vs C
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2.2 血流动力学指标变化见表2
表2 血流动力学指标的变化(x±s)
Tab 2 Changes of hemodynamic parameters(x±s) Parameter
C(n=16)
F(n=18)
P(n=16)
SAP(p/kPa)
16.77±2.08
15.16±1.94#
12.79±1.58# # *
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DAP(p/kPa)
13.65±1.81
12.87±1.91
10.54±1.54# # * *
MAP(p/kPa)
14.84±1.39
13.45±1.27#
11.26±1.11# # * *
LVSP(p/kPa)
18.61±2.56
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16.34±2.31#
13.12±1.51# # * *
LVEDP(p/kPa)
0.90±0.18
2.87±0.49# #
1.36±0.29# * *
+dp/dtmax(kPa/s)
794.20±56.32
556.39±55.31# #
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737.75±58.04# # * *
-dp/dtmax(kPa/s)
616.48±51.52
438.63±45.56# #
573.15±46.77# * *
HR(min-1)
406.1±56.1
403.3±61.7
394.6±54.4
SAP:Systolic arterial pressure;DAP:Diastolic arterial pressure;MAP:Mean arterial pressure;LVSP:Left ventricular systolic pressure;LVEDP:Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure;HR:Heart rate;dp/dt:First derivative of ventricular pressure;#:P<0.05,# #:P<0.01 vs C;*: P<0.05,* *: P<0.01 vs F2.3 左室心肌SR Ca2+泵活性和Ca2+摄取功能的变化
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F组左室心肌SR Ca2+泵活性显著低于C组(P<0.01),P组显著高于F组(P<0.01)但仍低于C组(P<0.01)。F组SR Ca2+最大摄取量和Vmax显著低于C组(P<0.01),P组均显著高于F组(P<0.01)但仍低于C组(P<0.05或P<0.01),3组Kd差异不显著(P>0.05),见图1、2,表3。
图1 心肌肌浆网Ca2+摄取时间曲线
Fig 1 Time course of Ca2+ uptake of myocardial SR
图2 Ca2+浓度对心肌肌浆网Ca2+摄取速度的影响
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Fig 2 Effect of Ca2+ concentration on the velocity of
Ca2+ uptake of myocardial SR
表3 心肌SR Ca2+泵活性和Ca2+摄取功能的变化(x±s)
Tab 3 Changes of SR Ca2+ pump activity and functionof Ca2+ uptake(x±s)
Group
Parameter
C
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F
P
Activity of SR Ca2+ pump
(μmol*mg-1*h-1)
9.73±0.36
4.64±0.21# #
7.90±0.29# # * *
Amount of Ca2+uptake(mB/nmol*mg-1)
389.6 ±39.7
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241.6 ±28.2# #
337.8 ±36.3# * *
Vmax of Ca2+ uptake
(nmol*mg-1*min-1)
158.3 ±12.7
78.4 ±5.9# #
124.8 ±9.4# # * *
Kd of Ca2+ uptake
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(CB/μmol*L-1)
0.81±0.08
0.78±0.06
0.76±0.07
#:P<0.05,## P<0.01 vs C; *:P<0.05,* *:P<0.01 vs F
2.4 心肌SR Ca2+泵活性与血流动力学关系
心肌SR Ca2+泵活性与+dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax值显著正相关(y=0.0142x+0.0065,y=0.0150x+0.0053;r=0.5161,r=0.6172,P<0.01),SR Ca2+泵活性与Vmax显著正相关(y=0.0547x+0.0136,r=0.7429,P<0.01)。
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3 讨论
本实验结果显示,培哚普利长期干预慢性心功能不全,可显著改善血流动力学,使左室+dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax值显著升高,与其他作者报道一致[7,8] 。3组左室重量指数差异不显著,可能与结扎左冠脉主干梗塞范围较大,观察时间相对较短有关。
大量研究表明,SR Ca2+转运在介导心肌舒缩过程及维持细胞内Ca2+稳态过程中发挥关键作用;心肌SR Ca2+泵活性及Ca2+摄取功能异常是导致慢性心功能不全心肌舒缩功能障碍的重要原因,也是导致细胞内Ca2+超载及引起心肌损伤的重要原因之一[2,9]。ACEI能够有效地预防和治疗慢性心功能不全,并具有一定心肌保护作用[1,7,8]。上述作用是否与改善SR Ca2+转运功能有关至今未见报道。为此本实验观察了培哚普利长期干预慢性心功能不全对心肌SR Ca2+泵活性及Ca2+摄取功能的影响。结果表明,心肌梗死后慢性心功能不全心肌SR Ca2+泵活性和Ca2+摄取功能显著降低,培哚普利长期干预慢性心功能不全,可增加SR Ca2+泵活性,改善SR Ca2+摄取功能;3组Kd无显著差异,表明SR Ca2+摄取功能的变化可能与Ca2+结合亲合力无关;相关分析还显示,SR Ca2+泵活性与Ca2+摄取最大速度及+dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax值显著正相关,表明心肌SR Ca2+泵活性降低是引起SR Ca2+摄取功能障碍的重要原因,SR Ca2+摄取功能障碍是引起左室舒缩功能减退的原因之一,提示ACEI改善左室心肌舒缩功能可能与改善SR Ca2+泵活性及Ca2+摄取功能有关。ACEI改善SR Ca2+泵活性及Ca2+摄取功能,一方面有利于心肌快速舒张;另一方面可促进SR释放Ca2+,增强心肌收缩力;此外,还有利于维持细胞内Ca2+稳态,从而发挥心肌保护作用。Spinale等[10]的研究表明,ACEI长期治疗心功能不全可使心肌SR Ca2+泵密度增加,支持本实验结果,并提示ACEI可能影响Ca2+泵基因表达水平,其机制有待于进一步研究。
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作者简介:耿召华(1968-),男,云南省澄江县人,硕士,主治医师,讲师,主要从事充血性心力衰竭方面的研究。电话:(023)68755539
作者单位:何作云(第三军医大学附属新桥医院心血管内科,重庆 400037)
祝善俊(第三军医大学附属新桥医院心血管内科,重庆 400037)
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收稿日期:2000-02-01;修回日期:2000-07-05, 百拇医药