后路PSO治疗胸腰段陈旧性椎体骨质疏松性压缩性骨折的效果及安全性研究(1)
【摘要】目的探讨后路经椎弓根次全椎体截骨术(PSO)治疗胸腰椎陈旧性椎体骨质疏松性骨折的效果及安全性。方法采用后路PSO治疗12例胸腰椎陈旧性椎体骨质疏松性骨折患者,术后定期随访,比较手术前及术后12个月时Cobb角、视觉模拟量表(VAS)、日本骨科学会(JOA)评分,并使用过屈过伸位X线片和CT扫描观察植骨融合情况。结果12例患者均顺利完成手术,无发生死亡、大血管损伤和截瘫等严重并发症。术后11例获随访,该11例在术后12个月均达骨性融合,未见假关节形成,其胸腰段局部后凸Cobb 角(12.6±2.5)度,VAS及JOA评分分别为(3.9±1.2)、(4.3±1.4)分,均比术前改善(P均<0.001)。结论后路PSO治疗胸腰段陈旧性椎体骨质疏松性骨折安全、有效、并发症少,是一种比较理想的治疗方法。
【关键词】胸腰段;骨质疏松;陈旧性骨折;椎体压缩性骨折;经椎弓根次全椎体截骨术
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of posterior pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) in the treatment of old thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. MethodsTwelve patients diagnosed with old thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture underwent posterior PSO. During postoperative follow-up, Cobb angle, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores were evaluated before and 12 months after PSO. X-ray film and CT scan were performed to assess the status bone fusion. ResultsAll 12 patients successfully underwent PSO without severe postoperative complications, such as death, great vascular injury or paraplegia, etc. Among them, 11 patients were subject to postoperative follow-up. Bone fusion was obtained in all 11 cases at postoperative 12 months. No signs of pseudarthrosis were observed. The Cobb angle of the thoracolumbar segment was (12.6±2.5), the VAS and JOA scores were (3.9±1.2) and (4.3±1.4) points, which were significantly improved compared with preoperative values (all P<0.001). ConclusionPosterior PSO is an efficacious and safe approach in the treatment of old thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with slight postoperative complications.
【Key words】Thoracolumbar segment; Osteoporosis; Old fracture; Vertebral compression fracture; Pedicle subtraction osteotomy
胸腰椎陈旧性椎体骨质疏松性骨折患者往往因受伤时未进行有效治疗及卧床休息,导致椎体压缩明显,或伴有骨折不愈合,临床上表现为伴随体位改变时的背部、腰部疼痛,椎体后凸畸形及神经损害症状,可导致患者胸腔容积减小、呼吸受限、缺氧、心肺功能障碍,严重影响患者的生活质量[1]。这类型的骨折处理起来具有一定难度,治疗原则为减压复位、解除压迫和重建脊柱的稳定性。目前临床上应用的治疗方法有前路、前后路聯合、后路手术。
前路手术应用较早,通过剥开胸膜腹膜,显露脊柱前方及侧方,通过前方减压解除对脊髓的压迫,并通过内固定的支撑作用、植骨、放置钛网等恢复椎体高度,既解除了脊髓压迫又恢复椎体高度[2]。然而,单纯前路固定很难恢复脊柱正常脊柱序列,且前路手术创伤大,出血多,手术时间长,术后易并发血气胸、肠粘连等,老年患者难以耐受手术。前后路联合手术对骨折椎体周围挛缩的前纵韧带、纤维环以及增生的骨痂、后方脊上棘间棘带和黄韧带切除彻底,松解完全,在不易损伤脊髓的情况下矫正了畸形,手术更安全、有效,但由于需要术中改变体位,而且前后路手术2个切口,手术创伤相对较大,手术时间可能延长,治疗费用增加,限制了其在临床的推广与应用[3]。对于仅存在脊柱不稳而无明显畸形的患者,可单纯行后路植骨融合术以恢复脊柱的稳定性。此种方法简单,安全,可重建脊柱稳定性,从而解决疼痛,但不能解决后凸所引起的下腰椎过度前凸造成退行性变的问题[4]。对于后凸畸形较严重及存在神经压迫症状的患者,可采取后路减压截骨矫形的手术方法。我科近年采用后路经椎弓根次全椎体截骨术(PSO)治疗12例胸腰椎陈旧性椎体骨质疏松性骨折的患者,效果良好,现报道如下。, 百拇医药(黄爱军 靳松 林昆)
【关键词】胸腰段;骨质疏松;陈旧性骨折;椎体压缩性骨折;经椎弓根次全椎体截骨术
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of posterior pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) in the treatment of old thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. MethodsTwelve patients diagnosed with old thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture underwent posterior PSO. During postoperative follow-up, Cobb angle, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores were evaluated before and 12 months after PSO. X-ray film and CT scan were performed to assess the status bone fusion. ResultsAll 12 patients successfully underwent PSO without severe postoperative complications, such as death, great vascular injury or paraplegia, etc. Among them, 11 patients were subject to postoperative follow-up. Bone fusion was obtained in all 11 cases at postoperative 12 months. No signs of pseudarthrosis were observed. The Cobb angle of the thoracolumbar segment was (12.6±2.5), the VAS and JOA scores were (3.9±1.2) and (4.3±1.4) points, which were significantly improved compared with preoperative values (all P<0.001). ConclusionPosterior PSO is an efficacious and safe approach in the treatment of old thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with slight postoperative complications.
【Key words】Thoracolumbar segment; Osteoporosis; Old fracture; Vertebral compression fracture; Pedicle subtraction osteotomy
胸腰椎陈旧性椎体骨质疏松性骨折患者往往因受伤时未进行有效治疗及卧床休息,导致椎体压缩明显,或伴有骨折不愈合,临床上表现为伴随体位改变时的背部、腰部疼痛,椎体后凸畸形及神经损害症状,可导致患者胸腔容积减小、呼吸受限、缺氧、心肺功能障碍,严重影响患者的生活质量[1]。这类型的骨折处理起来具有一定难度,治疗原则为减压复位、解除压迫和重建脊柱的稳定性。目前临床上应用的治疗方法有前路、前后路聯合、后路手术。
前路手术应用较早,通过剥开胸膜腹膜,显露脊柱前方及侧方,通过前方减压解除对脊髓的压迫,并通过内固定的支撑作用、植骨、放置钛网等恢复椎体高度,既解除了脊髓压迫又恢复椎体高度[2]。然而,单纯前路固定很难恢复脊柱正常脊柱序列,且前路手术创伤大,出血多,手术时间长,术后易并发血气胸、肠粘连等,老年患者难以耐受手术。前后路联合手术对骨折椎体周围挛缩的前纵韧带、纤维环以及增生的骨痂、后方脊上棘间棘带和黄韧带切除彻底,松解完全,在不易损伤脊髓的情况下矫正了畸形,手术更安全、有效,但由于需要术中改变体位,而且前后路手术2个切口,手术创伤相对较大,手术时间可能延长,治疗费用增加,限制了其在临床的推广与应用[3]。对于仅存在脊柱不稳而无明显畸形的患者,可单纯行后路植骨融合术以恢复脊柱的稳定性。此种方法简单,安全,可重建脊柱稳定性,从而解决疼痛,但不能解决后凸所引起的下腰椎过度前凸造成退行性变的问题[4]。对于后凸畸形较严重及存在神经压迫症状的患者,可采取后路减压截骨矫形的手术方法。我科近年采用后路经椎弓根次全椎体截骨术(PSO)治疗12例胸腰椎陈旧性椎体骨质疏松性骨折的患者,效果良好,现报道如下。, 百拇医药(黄爱军 靳松 林昆)
参见:首页 > 医疗版 > 疾病专题 > 内分泌科 > 下丘脑-垂体疾病 > 骨质疏松症