聋儿的创造思维能力及相关因素(1)
【摘 要】 目的:了解聋儿与正常儿童创造思维能力的差异,探讨相关因素对聋儿创造思维能力的影响。方法:在沈阳和大连两地,方便选取4所特殊教育学校,随机抽取年龄8~16周岁的听力残疾学生122名;方便选取2所普通小学和2所普通中学,随机抽取年龄8~16周岁正常听力学生122名。用新编创造思考测验和瑞文测验联合型进行测试。结果:①聋儿组的语文流畅力、语文变通力、语文独创力、图形变通力得分及IQ值均低于正常儿童组[如,IQ值(101.05±1.196)vs.(105.01±1.102),P=0.030],而图形精进力得分高于正常儿童组[(3.24±0.40)vs.(1.96±0.22),P=0.006]。②聋儿语文流畅力、语文独创力均与年龄呈正相关(β=0.310,0.301;P<0.001或0.01),语文变通力与双语教育年限呈正相关(β=0.308,P<0.001),图形流畅力、图形变通力、图形独创力、图形精进力均与手语使用年限呈正相关(β=0.321,0.308,0.228,0.456;P<0.01或0.05)。结论:聋儿的语文创造思维能力和图形变通力差于正常儿童,图形精进力好于正常儿童,而图形流畅力、独创力与正常儿童无差异;手语是聋儿图形创造思维能力的主要相关因素。
, http://www.100md.com
【关键词】 创造思维;创造思维测验;聋儿;手语;对照研究
中图分类号:B844.1,R395.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-6729(2009)011-0824-05
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2009.11.015
Creative Thinking of Deaf Children and its Related Factors
YU Liang,SUN Yue-Ji@,YAN Nan,LIN Yuan,LI Qian,WAN Si-Ying,XUN Ming-Ming
Dalian Medical Univercity,Dalian 116044,Liaoning Province,China
, 百拇医药
@ Corresponding Author,Email:yuejis@yahoo.com.cn
【Abstract】 Objective:To explore the difference in creative thinking and the related factors between deaf children and normal children.Methods:Observation group(n=122)with the hearing disability students were selected from 4 special education schools.Control group(n=122)was come from 2 ordinary primary schools and 2 ordinary middle schools.The two groups were given both the New Creativity Test and the Combined Raven's Test.Results:(1)Deaf children got lower scores than normal children in verbal fluency[(7.76±0.75)vs.(12.98±0.59),P<0.001],verbal flexibility[(4.28±0.33)vs.(7.87±0.28),P<0.001],verbal originality [(7.16±0.89)vs.(11.35±0.72),P<0.001],figural flexibility[(9.69±0.35)vs.(11.10±0.31),P=0.003]and IQ[(101.05±1.196)vs.(105.01±1.102),P=0.030].Deaf children got higher scores than normal children in figural elaboration[(3.24±0.40)vs.(1.96±0.22),P=0.006].There was no significant difference in fluency and originality of figural task between the two groups.(2)Deaf children's scores of verbal fluency and verbal originality were positively correlated with their age(β=0.310,0.301;Ps<0.01).Deaf children's scores of verbal flexibility were positively correlated with length of bilingual education(β=0.308,P<0.001).Deaf children's scores of figural fluency,figural flexibility,figural originalityand figural elaboration were correlated positively with their age of sign language(β=0.321,0.308,0.228,0.456;Ps<0.05).Conclusions:(1)Deaf children are lower than normal children in verbal fluency,verbal flexibility,verbal originality,figural flexibility,and are higher in figural elaboration.There is no difference in figural fluency and originality between them.(2)Sign language is a major related factor to deaf children's figural creative thinking.
, http://www.100md.com
【Key words】 creative thinking;creativity test;deaf children;sign language;control study
皮亚杰指出:儿童期是人生中最具有创造性的时期,儿童期创造力的发展直接影响到成年期创造力水平[1]。吉尔福特认为,创造力是创造思维的表现,发散思维是创造思维的主要成份,是创造力的核心。发散思维具有4个重要指标:流畅力、变通力、独创力、精进力[1]。心理测量法是创造力研究最普遍的方法,而发散思维测验方法使用最多,实施和评分系统最完善。Torrance发现儿童创造力发展的总趋势是随着年龄增长而不断上升,但其中有起有落,有快有慢[1]。父母教养方式、家庭环境对儿童创造性的影响是显著的[2]。智力与创造力的关系非常复杂,不能用简单的相关关系来概括。二者的关系尚未能达到共识[3-4]。普遍认为右脑与创造思维活动的关系密切。而使用手语的聋儿左右脑发育与正常儿童不同,表现出一定的右脑优势[5-8]。但未发现关于手语与创造思维之间关系的研究报告。Johnson认为聋儿与精神发育迟滞儿童创造思维的流畅力及独创力是有差异的[9]。Halpin等[10]则验证了聋儿与盲儿创造性的差异。Marschark等发现聋儿的文学表达能力的灵活性和独创性与正常儿童在同一水平[11]。, 百拇医药
, http://www.100md.com
【关键词】 创造思维;创造思维测验;聋儿;手语;对照研究
中图分类号:B844.1,R395.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-6729(2009)011-0824-05
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2009.11.015
Creative Thinking of Deaf Children and its Related Factors
YU Liang,SUN Yue-Ji@,YAN Nan,LIN Yuan,LI Qian,WAN Si-Ying,XUN Ming-Ming
Dalian Medical Univercity,Dalian 116044,Liaoning Province,China
, 百拇医药
@ Corresponding Author,Email:yuejis@yahoo.com.cn
【Abstract】 Objective:To explore the difference in creative thinking and the related factors between deaf children and normal children.Methods:Observation group(n=122)with the hearing disability students were selected from 4 special education schools.Control group(n=122)was come from 2 ordinary primary schools and 2 ordinary middle schools.The two groups were given both the New Creativity Test and the Combined Raven's Test.Results:(1)Deaf children got lower scores than normal children in verbal fluency[(7.76±0.75)vs.(12.98±0.59),P<0.001],verbal flexibility[(4.28±0.33)vs.(7.87±0.28),P<0.001],verbal originality [(7.16±0.89)vs.(11.35±0.72),P<0.001],figural flexibility[(9.69±0.35)vs.(11.10±0.31),P=0.003]and IQ[(101.05±1.196)vs.(105.01±1.102),P=0.030].Deaf children got higher scores than normal children in figural elaboration[(3.24±0.40)vs.(1.96±0.22),P=0.006].There was no significant difference in fluency and originality of figural task between the two groups.(2)Deaf children's scores of verbal fluency and verbal originality were positively correlated with their age(β=0.310,0.301;Ps<0.01).Deaf children's scores of verbal flexibility were positively correlated with length of bilingual education(β=0.308,P<0.001).Deaf children's scores of figural fluency,figural flexibility,figural originalityand figural elaboration were correlated positively with their age of sign language(β=0.321,0.308,0.228,0.456;Ps<0.05).Conclusions:(1)Deaf children are lower than normal children in verbal fluency,verbal flexibility,verbal originality,figural flexibility,and are higher in figural elaboration.There is no difference in figural fluency and originality between them.(2)Sign language is a major related factor to deaf children's figural creative thinking.
, http://www.100md.com
【Key words】 creative thinking;creativity test;deaf children;sign language;control study
皮亚杰指出:儿童期是人生中最具有创造性的时期,儿童期创造力的发展直接影响到成年期创造力水平[1]。吉尔福特认为,创造力是创造思维的表现,发散思维是创造思维的主要成份,是创造力的核心。发散思维具有4个重要指标:流畅力、变通力、独创力、精进力[1]。心理测量法是创造力研究最普遍的方法,而发散思维测验方法使用最多,实施和评分系统最完善。Torrance发现儿童创造力发展的总趋势是随着年龄增长而不断上升,但其中有起有落,有快有慢[1]。父母教养方式、家庭环境对儿童创造性的影响是显著的[2]。智力与创造力的关系非常复杂,不能用简单的相关关系来概括。二者的关系尚未能达到共识[3-4]。普遍认为右脑与创造思维活动的关系密切。而使用手语的聋儿左右脑发育与正常儿童不同,表现出一定的右脑优势[5-8]。但未发现关于手语与创造思维之间关系的研究报告。Johnson认为聋儿与精神发育迟滞儿童创造思维的流畅力及独创力是有差异的[9]。Halpin等[10]则验证了聋儿与盲儿创造性的差异。Marschark等发现聋儿的文学表达能力的灵活性和独创性与正常儿童在同一水平[11]。, 百拇医药